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The Effect of ENSO on the Upwelling Intensity in the Seas along the Northern Coast of Papua: A Case Study of the 2015–2016 El Niño and the 2010–2011 La Niña Events

Lesmana Petrik Siano Okta Prima, Wirasatriya Anindya, Setiyono Heryoso, Suryoputro Agus Anugroho Dwi, Wijaya Yusuf Jati, Ismunarti Dwi Haryo, Haryanti Dwi, Abdillah Muhammad Rais

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

243--253

EN

The seas along the Northern Coast of Papua constitute a region with complex oceanographic conditions as they are situated within the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP). The geographical location in the southern hemisphere induces upwelling during the west monsoon season (December-January-February). Additionally, interannual phenomena such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can impact the intensity of upwelling in these waters. This study aimed to compare the upwelling intensity in the seas along the Northern Coast of Papua during neutral phases and ENSO phases. The main indicators of upwelling are sea surface temperature (SST) and Ekman mass transport (EMT). The data utilized in this study include SST from GHRSST and surface wind from ASCAT. The data processing employed the monthly composite method with spatiotemporal analysis based on anomaly results derived from monthly climatology. The analysis results reveal that El Niño 2015–2016 led to an increase in upwelling intensity ranging from 1.82 to 4.00 m/s2, while La Niña 2010–2011 resulted in a weakening of upwelling intensity ranging from 4.95 to 6.56 m/s2 in the seas along the Northern Coast of Papua. On the basis of correlation and regression analysis, it can be concluded that offshore EMT significantly influences upwelling anomalies in the southeastern waters, whereas the northwestern waters are more influenced by the shifting IPWP during ENSO.

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The Temporal Trends in Chlorophyll-A Concentration along the Southern Coast of Papua over a 25-year Period, from 1998 to 2022

Wijaya Yusuf Jati, Munandar Bayu, Wisha Ulung Jantama, Hidayat Esa Fajar, Rejeki Hasti Amrih, Ismunarti Dwi Haryo

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

82--93

EN

The region situated along the southern coast of Papua Island exhibits a considerable likelihood of upwelling, which is distinguished by higher amounts of chlorophyll-a concentration. The present study examined the variability of upwelling phenomena spanning a period of 25 years (1998-2022) through the utilization of satellite-derived data obtained from the Ocean-Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). Apart from the chlorophyll-a concentration, the southern region of Papua exhibits a significant amount of suspended sediment contamination, as indicated by the observations of Rrs 555. Upon conducting EOF analysis during each season, it has been observed that there has been a significant rise in the levels of chlorophyll-a concentrations over the past several years in the northern region of the Arafura Sea. The period spanning from 2016 to 2022 witnessed a rise in precipitation amounts, leading to a greater transportation of nutrients through water discharge and consequently resulting in an increase of chlorophyll-a concentration.

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Sediment Accretion and Total Organic Carbon Accumulation Among Different Mangrove Vegetation Communities in the Kamora Estuary of Mimika Regency, Papua, Indonesia

Setyadi Gesang, Sugianto Denny Nugroho, Wijayanti Diah Permata, Pribadi Rudhi, Supardy Eddy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 11

142--156

EN

A sediment accretion and carbon accumulation study was carried out in Kamora Estuary, Mimika Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia, to determine the accretion rate and total organic carbon loading in the area as well their correlation with geographical setting and mangrove aerial root type. The sediment stake method was used to measure the elevation changes, whereas the sediment trap method was used to determine sediment accretion and total organic carbon accumulation. Three locations were selected, namely at upstream, middle and downstream the mangrove communities, with each location installed up to 500 m perpendicular to the riverbank. The elevation changes based on sediment stakes were 8.4–12.3 mm year-1. Sediment accretion based on sediment traps was 18.5–25.4 mm year-1 or 1.88–2.98 g cm-2 year-1, while the mean total organic carbon accumulation was 736.8 ±169 g m-2 year-1. The results are higher than those of similar studies in other regions, but they are consistent with other studies in Papua New Guinea. This study found that higher sediment accretion occurred at the riverbank compared with the interior area, while the elevation changes were greater in the upstream area. Higher relative density and higher basal area had a negative correlation with sediment accretion, but the number of roots had a positive correlation with sedimentation. The high sedimentation in the Kamora Estuary is resulting in the expansion of the mangrove forest at a rate of 3% year-1. Assisted mangrove colonization can be applied to expand the mangrove forest, especially considering the use of Rhizophora species, which this study found to be more effective at trapping sediment.

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Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris from Maro Estuary, Merauke Regency, Papua

Sunarni, Melmambessy Edy H. P., Mote Norce, Rahmatia, Hamuna Baigo

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 8

199--204

EN

This study aimed at analyzing the length-weight relationship and the condition factors of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris originating from the Maro estuary, Merauke Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia. This study was conducted for three months, starting from July to September 2018. This study used a purposive sampling method. The sampling of B. pectinirostris was carried out at two stations by using traps and capturing manually. 80 fish of B. pectinirostris were caught during the study. The length size of males 6.5 to 17.5 cm and weight 1.7 to 44.0 g, while the length of females 9.0 to 22.0 cm and weight 5.4 to 91.4 g. The results showed that the length-weight relationship of B. pectinirostris male reached W=0.0112L2.8562 and W = 0.0099L2.8885, while females W = 0.0062L3.0907 and W = 0.0052L3.1211. The length and weight relationship of B. pectinirostris showed negative allometric for male (b<3) and positive allometric for female (b>3). The condition factor value of B. pectinirostris for males and females ranged from 0.837 to 2.266, and 0.689 to 1.259, respectively.