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1

Influence of Selected Weather Conditions on the Photovoltaic System Efficiency in Central Poland – Case Study

Sarniak Mariusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no 2

177--186

EN

The article details the data obtained from monitoring the photovoltaic (PV) system in 2021-2023, equipped with a module for measuring basic weather parameters. The PV system under consideration, with a peak output of 3.2 kWp, is connected to the electricity grid and is mounted on the flat roof of the building. The annual relative yields of the generated energy were about 10% less than estimated, and their monthly distributions were asymmetric. In the "summer" months (i.e., from April to September), the PV system generated, on average, about 75% of the whole year’s energy. The histograms of the PV system's active power output showed that, on average, about 40% of the time, the PV inverter operated in underloaded mode. For selected weather conditions measured on site, a regression analysis was conducted with the active output power of the PV system. The main objective of the work was to develop a comprehensive method for analysing PV plant monitoring data and the impact of weather conditions on its performance. The proposed method was realized as a case study for central Poland but can be implemented anywhere.

2

A novel method to improve the power quality via hybrid system

Othman Raghad Adeeb, Alyozbaky Omar Sh.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2023

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R. 99, nr 6

167--174

EN

Ever increasing electricity demand as well as the rapid depletion of fossil fuels have increased the need for hybrid power systems that integrate distributed energy resource (DER) systems; such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery storage systems; with electrical grids. Therefore, this present study used MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the ability of DER inverters to provide reactive power that regulates grid voltage, decreases the total harmonic distortion (THD), decreases the amount of active power lost, and improves the capacity and power quality of a modified IEEE 13-bus test system. The study found that the injection/Absorption of the reactive power from a 400KW (PV-Battery) system in bus 675, 500KW (PV-Battery) system in bus 671, and 200 KW.h battery storage system in bus 634 decreased the power output of the main generator by 24.6%. When used in situ, the reactive power capability of the DER inverters significantly improved the voltage while an injection of reactive power decreased the THD voltage of bus 675 phase B by 81.26% when absorbing reactive power as well as decreased active power losses.

PL

Stale rosnące zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną oraz szybkie wyczerpywanie się paliw kopalnych zwiększyły zapotrzebowanie na hybrydowe systemy zasilania, które integrują systemy rozproszonych źródeł energii (DER); takie jak systemy fotowoltaiczne (PV) i systemy magazynowania baterii; z sieciami elektrycznymi. Dlatego w niniejszym badaniu wykorzystano MATLAB/Simulink do wykazania zdolności falowników DER do dostarczania mocy biernej, która reguluje napięcie sieci, zmniejsza całkowite zniekształcenia harmoniczne (THD), zmniejsza ilość utraconej mocy czynnej oraz poprawia wydajność i jakość mocy zmodyfikowany system testowy IEEE 13-bus. Badanie wykazało, że wtrysk/pobór mocy biernej z systemu 400KW (PV-Battery) w magistrali 675, 500KW (PV-Battery) w magistrali 671 i 200KW.h systemu magazynowania baterii w magistrali 634 zmniejszyło moc moc głównego generatora o 24,6%. W przypadku zastosowania in situ, moc bierna falowników DER znacznie poprawiła napięcie, podczas gdy wprowadzenie mocy biernej zmniejszyło napięcie THD szyny 675 fazy B o 81,26% podczas pochłaniania mocy biernej, a także zmniejszyło straty mocy czynnej.

3

A Novel Intelligent Neural Network Techniques of UPQC with Integrated Solar PV System for Power Quality Enhancement

Rudraram Ramesh, Chinnathambi Sasi, Mani Manikandan

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

|

2023

|

Vol. 69, No. 3

605--613

EN

A Novel Intelligent control of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) coupled with Photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed in this work. The utilization of a Re-lift Luo converter in conjunction with a Cascaded Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method facilitates the optimization of power extraction from PV sources. UPQC is made up of a series and shunt Active Power Filter (APF), where the former compensates source side voltage quality issues and the latter compensates the load side current quality issues. The PV along with a series and shunt APFs of the UPQC are linked to a common dc-bus and for regulating a dc-bus voltage a fuzzy tuned Adaptive PI controller is employed. Moreover, a harmonics free reference current is generated with the aid of CNN assisted dq theory in case of the shunt APF. The results obtained from MATLAB simulation.

4

Economical analysis of electric vehicles in Poland

Bienek Filip, Szczygieł Ireneusz, Rutczyk Bartłomiej

Combustion Engines

|

2023

|

R. 62, nr 1

55--62

EN

The paper presents results obtained from calculations conducted to receive information on the capability of photovoltaic systems to power electric vehicles in regular use. The annual distance travelled was divided in nine categories. Every aspect of this analysis was suitable for Polish market and parameters given by the climate that is connected with geographical location of Poland. It is worth mentioning that one of the key elements is the law for renewable energy, that is the key aspect to economical benefits that come from so called green investments. Energy law was also taken into account during this simulation. All those aspects together summarized to a conclusions that Polish market is not as competitive as other European markets when electric propulsion is present in the system.

5

The impact of selected parameters on the efficiency of a photovoltaic installation with bifacial modules in local conditions

Walichnowska Patrycja, Idzikowski Adam, Mahdi Sahib M.

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

|

2023

|

Vol. 12

87--93

EN

The article presents a comparison of the results of simulation by a photovoltaic installation with bifacial modules. The analyzed 20 kWp PV installation was located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The article compares how the energy production of installations with bifacial modules changes depending on the angle of inclination, the distance between the rows of modules and the orientation. The results obtained in the study indicate that albedo is an important, but not the only parameter to be considered when designing a farm with bifacial modules.

6

Sliding Mode Control-Based MPPT and Output Voltage Regulation of a Stand-alone PV System

Manuel Nelson Luis, İnanç Nihat

Power Electronics and Drives

|

2022

|

Vol. 7 (42)

159--173

EN

When it comes to reducing emissions caused by the generation of electricity, among different renewable energy sources, the solar energy gains prominence, due to its geographical availability, simplicity of implementation, and absence of physical moving parts. However, the performance of photovoltaic systems is dependent on environmental conditions. Depending on temperature and solar irradiation, the photovoltaic (PV) system has an operating point where maximum power can be generated. The techniques that are implemented to find this operating point are the so-called maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. Since weather conditions are variable in nature, the output voltage of the PV system needs to be regulated to remain equal to the reference. Most of the existing studies focus either on MPPT or on voltage regulation of the PV system. In this paper, the two-stage PV system is implemented so that both MPPT and voltage regulation are achieved simultaneously. Additionally, an improved version of the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm based on artificial potential fields (APF), called APF-P&O, is presented. According to the results of the simulations carried out in MATLAB/Simulink software, the APF-P&O method is more efficient than the conventional method.

7

Experimental research of the impact of ship’s rolling on the performance of PV panels

Zeńczak Wojciech, Zapałowicz Zbigniew

Polish Maritime Research

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2022

|

nr 4

132--144

EN

The aim of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to reduce by half the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by marine ships by 2050, and its vision of the fastest total decarbonisation in the maritime shipping industry within the present century, calls for implementation with various means of decarbonisation. The IMO approaches the process of decarbonisation in two phases. Firstly, short-term, compact projects are to be considered, next, more complex, medium- and long-term solutions should be aimed at. The preferred arrangements to be applied are photovoltaic systems. Their performance depends to a high degree on the solar incidence angle. In the case of a ship swinging as a result of its course in relation to the wave and incidence direction, the incidence angle undergoes significant periodic changes with a significant effect on the power generated by the PV panels. As a result, the total amount of energy produced by the PV panels diminishes. The paper presents experimental research results obtained on the stand that allowed the investigation of PV panels in simulated marine conditions. Two characteristic positions of a PV panel’s rotation axis in relation to the solar rays’ incidence direction were investigated. It was proved for both variants that the rolling period and solar incidence angle affected the power generated by the PV panel.

8

Sposoby na rentowność systemów PV

Marona Michał

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

|

2022

|

nr 10

PL

W ostatnich latach fotowoltaika stała się główną siłą napędową rozwoju OZE w Polsce. Moc zainstalowana w źródłach generujących energię elektryczną z promieniowania słonecznego na koniec lipca 2022 r. wyniosła 10,6 GW. Regulacje stymulujące rozwój rynku OZE w Polsce, poprzez cele wyznaczone w Krajowym Planie na Rzecz Energii i Klimatu czy w unijnym planie „RePowerEU”, które determinowane są obecnymi wyzwaniami energetycznymi, klimatycznymi i polityczno-geograficznymi, każą optymistycznie patrzeć w przyszłość polskiego rynku fotowoltaiki.

9

Design of thermoelectric radiant cooling – photovoltaic panels system in the building

Abdulghafor Israa Ali, Mnati Mohannad Jabbar

Archives of Thermodynamics

|

2022

|

Vol. 43, no 4

85--108

EN

In this study, a theoretical model is presented to investigate the performance of a thermoelectric (TE) radiant cooling system combined with photovoltaic (PV) modules as a power supply in a building with an ambient temperature reaching more than 45◦C. The combined system TE/PV performance is studied under different solar radiation by using the hourly analysis program and photovoltaic system software. The thermal and electric characteristics of TE are theoretically investigated under various supplied voltages using the multi-paradigm programming language and numerical computing environment. Also, a theoretical analysis of heat transfer between the TE radiant cooling system and an occupied zone from the side, and the other side between the TE radiant cooling system and duct zone is presented. The maximum power consumption by TE panels and building cooling load of 130 kW is predicted for May and June. The 145 units of PV panels could provide about 50% of the power required by TE panels. The thermal and electric characteristics of TE panels results show the minimum cold surface temperature of 15◦C at a supplied voltage between 6 V and 7 V, and the maximum hot surface temperature of 62◦C at a supplied voltage of 16 V. The surface temperature difference between supplied current and supplied power increases as supplied voltage increases. At a higher supplied voltage of 16 V, the maximum surface temperature difference between supplied current, and supplied power of 150◦C, 3.2 A, and 48 W, respectively. The cooling capacity increases as supplied voltage increases, at a surface temperature difference of –10◦C and supplied voltage of 16 V, the maximum cooling capacity is founded at about 60 W. As supplied voltage decreases the coefficient of performance increases. The maximum coefficient of performance is about 5 at the surface temperature difference of –10◦C and supplied voltage of 8 V.

10

Contribution to the optimization and control of a photovoltaic system connected to the grid based a five levels inverter

Ais Belgacem

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2021

|

R. 97, nr 4

70--74

EN

This paper is aimed to optimizing and improving the performance of a Photovoltaic system connected to the Grid based a five levels inverter using conventional and advanced methods. The MPPT methods considered in this study include Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Perturb and Observe (PO). We used a five level inverter controlled by passive methods to connect the PV system to the grid. The DC link voltages are controlled by using a closed loop called clamping bridge and an adaptive fuzzy logic PI controller (AFLC-PI). A PV model and power converters are modeled in Matlab SimpowerSystems toolbox and the MPPT and control algorithms are tested under different operating conditions to analyze the performance and limitations of each algorithm.

PL

Artakuł analizuje możliwoścoi poprawy właściwości i optymalizacji systemu fotowoltaicznego podłączonego do sieci I bazującego na przekształtniku piątego rzędu. Wykorzystano metodę MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking), sterowanie ślizgowe SMC. System is modelowany w Matlabie Simpopwer System Toolbox.

11

Modeling, design and energy management of a residential standalone photovoltaic-fuel cell power system

Aggad Fatima, Allaoui Tayeb, Tamer Amina, Denai Mouloud

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2020

|

R. 96, nr 8

79--87

EN

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the potential of integrating photovoltaic and fuel cell technologies for standalone residential applications. The paper presents a detailed modelling of the photovoltaic (PV) array and maximum power tracking control, proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack, electrolyser and hydrogen storage tank. An energy management strategy is proposed to control the power flow in the system to satisfy the demand of typical residential load profiles under different operating conditions. In the proposed power management strategy, PV constitutes the primary energy source of the system, while the fuel cell represents the back-up supply when solar energy is unavailable. The overall model is simulated in Matlab/Simuink.The proposed model will provide qualitative information on the optimal rating and size of the PV array, fuel cell and storage devices characteristics to satisfy the energy/cost requirements for a residential application in rural/remote areas.

PL

Celem tego artykułu jest ocena potencjału integracji technologii fotowoltaicznej i ogniw paliwowych do zastosowań mieszkaniowych. W pracy przedstawiono szczegółowe modelowanie układu fotowoltaicznego (PV) i kontrolę śledzenia maksymalnej mocy, stos ogniw paliwowych z membraną wymiany protonów (PEM), elektrolizer i zbiornik wodoru. Zaproponowano strategię zarządzania energią w celu kontrolowania przepływu energii w systemie, aby zaspokoić zapotrzebowanie na typowe profile obciążeń mieszkaniowych w różnych warunkach pracy. W proponowanej strategii zarządzania energią ogniwo fotowoltaiczne stanowi podstawowe źródło energii systemu, a ogniwo paliwowe stanowi zapasowe źródło zasilania, gdy energia słoneczna jest niedostępna. Ogólny model jest symulowany w Matlab / Simulink. Proponowany model dostarczy informacji jakościowych na temat optymalnej oceny i wielkości tablicy fotowoltaicznej, ogniwa paliwowego i cech urządzeń magazynujących, aby spełnić wymagania dotyczące energii / kosztów dla zastosowań mieszkaniowych na obszarach wiejskich / odległych.

12

Zastosowanie energii słonecznej w przestrzeni miejskiej

Rojek Konrad

Elektro Info

|

2020

|

nr 12

72--74

PL

Miasta odgrywają coraz większą rolę w łagodzeniu zmian klimatu oraz przystosowywania się do tego procesu. Wykorzystanie takiego potencjału przejawia się przede wszystkim poprzez integrację technologii energii odnawialnej z lokalnymi systemami energetycznymi. W artykule opisano istniejące rozwiązania technologiczne często stosowane w obszarach miejskich, takie jak systemy PV (ang. photovoltaics systems), PV zintegrowane z budynkiem (BIPV, ang. building-integrated PV) i różne technologie solarno-termalne.

EN

Cities play an increasingly important role in mitigating and adapting to climate change. The use of such potential manifests itself primarily through the integration of renewable energy technologies with local energy systems. The article describes existing technological solutions often used in urban areas, such as photovoltaics systems (PV), building-integrated PV (BIPV) and various solar thermal technologies.

13

Ograniczenia mocy generatora PV przyłączanego do sieci elektroenergetycznej

Wiatr Julian

Elektro Info

|

2020

|

nr 11

42--43

PL

Po wybudowaniu i uruchomieniu instalacji PV przyłączanej do sieci elektroenergetycznej często występuje zjawisko odłączania przez falownik od Systemu Elektroenergetycznego. Przyczyna tego zjawiska wynika z braku dopasowania generowanej mocy w układzie PV do możliwości sieci elektroenergetycznej, do której dołączony jest prosument. Projektanci często spełniają oczekiwania inwestora projektując układ PV o wymaganej mocy, możliwej do uzyskania w danych warunkach nasłonecznienia oraz usłonecznienia, bez analizy układu sieci elektroenergetycznej.

14

Intermittent power smoothing control for grid connected hybrid wind/PV system using battery-EDLC storage devices

Jayalakshmi N.S., Gaonkar D.N., Karthik R.P., Prasanna P.

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2020

|

Vol. 69, nr 2

433--453

EN

Wind and solar radiation are intermittent with stochastic fluctuations, which can influence the stability of operation of the hybrid system in the grid integrated mode of operation. In this research work, a smoothing control method for mitigating output power variations for a grid integrated wind/PV hybrid system using a battery and electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is investigated. The power fluctuations of the hybrid system are absorbed by a battery and EDLC during wide variations in power generated from the solar and wind system, subsequently, the power supplied to the grid is smoothened. This makes higher penetration and incorporation of renewable energy resources to the utility system possible. The control strategy of the inverter is realized to inject the power to the utility system with the unity power factor and a constant DC bus voltage. Both photovoltaic (PV) and wind systems are controlled for extracting maximum output power. In order to observe the performance of the hybrid system under practical situations in smoothing the output power fluctuations, one-day practical site wind velocity and irradiation data are considered. The dynamic modeling and effectiveness of this control method are verified in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the output power variations of the hybrid wind/PV system can be significantly mitigated using the combination of battery and EDLC based storage systems. The power smoothing controller proposed for the hybrid storage devices is advantageous as compared to the control technique which uses either battery or ultracapacitor used for smoothing the fluctuating power.

15

Robust VF and PQ control of a photovoltaic system connected to grid with battery storage management

Essaghir Soukaina, Benchagra Mohamed, El barbri Noureddine

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2019

|

R. 95, nr 12

32--38

EN

This paper presents an advanced control of photovoltaic system with battery storage system and shows the coordination of the studied system in order to enhance solar energy utilization. This study proposes an approach of coordinated and integrated control of solar PV generators with battery storage control in order to maintain active and reactive power (P-Q) control and to provide voltage and frequency (V-f) support to the grid instead of a high load addition. The description of the studied system is based on a battery energy storage system based (lithium-ion technology), a DC-DC bidirectional power converter in order to connect the battery to the DC bus, DC-DC converter, voltage source inverter and finally the load and the micro-grid. Consequently, the main contribution of the proposed control methods lies in the coordination between the different controls methods proposed: battery control at the PV side and V-f/P-Q control algorithm at the inverter side. A simulation using the Matlab/Simulink software has been performed, to confirm that the proposed control model is able to provide voltage and frequency support to the grid and to maintain active and reactive power control instead of a high load addition.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia zaawansowaną kontrolę systemu fotowoltaicznego z systemem baterii i pokazuje koordynację badanego systemu w celu zwiększenia wykorzystania energii słonecznej. W opracowaniu zaproponowano podejście polegające na skoordynowanym i zintegrowanym sterowaniu generatorami fotowoltaicznymi z kontrolą akumulatorów w celu utrzymania kontroli mocy czynnej i biernej (P-Q) oraz zapewnienia wsparcia napięcia i częstotliwości (V-f) dla sieci zamiast dodawania wysokiego obciążenia. Opis oparty jest na systemie akumulacji energii akumulatora (technologia litowo-jonowa), dwukierunkowym konwerterze mocy DC-DC w celu podłączenia akumulatora do szyny DC, przetwornicy DC-DC, falownika źródła napięcia i wreszcie obciążenie. W związku z tym główny wkład proponowanych metod sterowania polega na koordynacji różnych proponowanych metod sterowania: kontrolą baterii po stronie PV i algorytm sterowania V-f / P-Q po stronie falownika. Przeprowadzono symulację za pomocą oprogramowania Matlab / Simulink, aby potwierdzić, że proponowany model sterowania jest w stanie zapewnić wsparcie napięcia i częstotliwości dla sieci oraz utrzymać kontrolę mocy czynnej i biernej zamiast dodatku o wysokim obciążeniu.

16

Design of Stand-Alone Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Hybrid System under Amman Climate

Nsour Wala', Taa'mneh Tamara, Ayadi Osama, Al Asfar Jamil

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 9

1--10

EN

Renewable energy application is gaining a wide acceptance by end users; however, considering the fact that renewable energy is intermittent, variable and cannot be predicted, the need of storage systems is becoming a necessity at both micro and macro levels. Fuel cell technology is one of the most promising storage systems due to the fact that hydrogen has high energy density. This paper presents a design of stand-alone PV-PEMFC hybrid system for a small house under Amman climate. The simulation results show that the optimal size of PV array, fuel cell (PEMFC), inverter, electrolyzer (ELE) and H2 Tank capacity were 10 kW, 1 kW, 5 kW, 6 kW, and 5 kg respectively. Hydrogen proved itself as a low carbon energy source, which is environmental friendly and characterized with high energy content per unit mass. Due to fuel cells technology, hydrogen can be used for inter-season storage.

17

Efektywność zastosowania paneli fotowoltaicznych w zabytkowym budynku drewnianym

Rudzki K., Zdunek-Wielgołaska J., Kantorowicz K.

Materiały Budowlane

|

2018

|

nr 12

42--44

PL

W artykule wykonano analizę wpływu zastosowania paneli fotowoltaicznych w przykładowym drewnianym budynku zabytkowym. Analiza uwzględnia potencjał redukcji zapotrzebowania budynku na energię pierwotną i energię końcową. Analizując wpływ zastosowania instalacji PV na wskaźnik zapotrzebowania budynku na EK i EP, uwzględniono wariant z bieżącym zużyciem energii elektrycznej produkowanej przez instalacje PV oraz wariant częściowego magazynowania wyprodukowanej energii w sieci elektroenergetycznej. Wykonana analiza doprowadziła do wniosku, że uwzględnienie wpływu magazynowania części energii elektrycznej w sieci, w obliczaniu zapotrzebowania budynku na energię, skutkuje znacznym zmniejszeniem wskaźników EK i EP oraz powoduje, że spełnienie wymagań WT2017 i WT2021 staje się możliwe w przypadku budynków zabytkowych, w których wykonanie termomodernizacji mogłoby skutkować zatraceniem ich wartości zabytkowych.

EN

This article contains the analysis of the impact of using photovoltaic panels in a sample landmarked wooden building. The analysis takes under consideration the potential for reducing primary and final energy building demand indicator. In the analysis of the impact of using a PV system on primary and final energy building demand indicator, a variant with using PV generated power as it is produced, and also that of storing part of the produced energy in the power grid, are taken into account. The performed analysis resulted in the conclusion that taking into account the impact of storing part of power in the grid while calculating building energy demand results in a significant reduction of FE and PE indicators, and also in it becoming possible to meet the WT2017 and WT2021 requirements in landmarked buildings in which thermomodernisation might cause the loss of their value as landmarks.

18

A multi-function grid-connected PV system based on fuzzy logic controller for power quality improvement

Belaidi R., Haddouche A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2017

|

R. 93, nr 10

118--122

EN

This paper presents a multi-function grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system based on shunt active power filter (APF). The proposed system is used to inject PV power into the utility grid to solve the power quality issues such as harmonic currents and poor power factor. The SRF theory is applied for reference currents extracting, while fuzzy logic controller is proposed for controlling the dc capacitor voltage and the harmonic currents. The P&O MPPT is used to extract the maximum PV power from the photovoltaic generator (PVG), hence increasing the system efficiency.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano podłączony do sieci system fotowoltaiczny bazujący na bocznikowym filtrze aktywnym. System umożliwia poprawę parametrów jakości energii w sieci. System logiki rozmytej jest użyty do sterowania napięciem DC.

19

Use of solar radiation data from HelioClim database for shortterm PY system power output prediction for Polish localization

Chwieduk M.

Polska Energetyka Słoneczna

|

2017

|

nr 1-4

1--6

EN

Installed power of photovoltaics systems in Poland grow systematically. Annual contribution of energy produced from PV systems in Polish power system is still on the low level. Due to irregular and stochastic characteristic of solar radiation distribution during the year in specific weather conditions power supplied by PV system might have impact on operation of electric grid. Such situations occur more often in European countries that developed solar energy sources in their power system. Due to power grid balancing and its stability, prediction of power generation in renewable energy sources become more important. On the other hand development of earth observation techniques give new tool for accurate solar radiation data acquisition and its prediction. Article presents model of energy production of PV system based on data from HelioClim database. HelioClim database stores solar radiation data obtained from Meteosat images received from Eumetsat. It also contains 24 hour solar radiation prediction model. PV system model is validated for historical data and used to predict energy output from a specific system. Received prediction of energy production is compared with real output power of a system.

20

Uwarunkowania prawne eksploatacji mikroinstalacji fotowoltaicznych w Polsce po 1 lipca 2016 roku

Będkowska A.

Energetyka

|

2017

|

nr 4

297--300

PL

Moc mikroinstalacji fotowoltaicznych w Polsce przyrasta 8,5-krotnie rok do roku. Od 1 lipca 2016 roku obowiązuje w Polsce Ustawa z dnia 22 czerwca 2016 r. o zmianie ustawy o odnawialnych źródłach energii oraz niektórych innych ustaw, która umożliwia prosumentom rozliczanie się z wyprodukowanej energii elektrycznej w mikroinstalacjach na zasadzie opustów. W systemie opustów jako magazyn energii wykorzystywana jest sieć elektroenergetyczna, a sposób rozliczeń zachęca prosumentów do zmiany systemu zarządzania konsumpcją energii w obiekcie. Ustawa o odnawialnych źródłach energii dzieli instalacje ze względu na moc, a wśród inwestorów wyróżnia prosumentów i przedsiębiorców. System opustów jest dedykowany instalacjom pracującym na zaspokojenie potrzeb obiektów niezwiązanych z prowadzoną działalnością gospodarczą, o mocy nie większej niż 40 kW. Takie instalacje nazywane są mikroinstalacjami. Mikroinstalacje fotowoltaiczne w Polsce mają szansę się rozwijać coraz dynamiczniej dzięki licznym ułatwieniom administracyjnym. System opustów służy do zachęcenia prosumentów do wykorzystywania energii z instalacji fotowoltaicznej na zaspokojenie potrzeb energetycznych gospodarstwa przez wprowadzenie współczynników rozliczeniowych. Im więcej energii skonsumuje budynek w czasie rzeczywistym, w momencie produkcji, tym mniej odda do sieci. Im mniej energii oddane zostanie do sieci, tym efektywniej energia zostanie wykorzystana, z punktu widzenia prosumenta. Aby jak najwięcej energii konsumować należy przede wszystkim zmienić zasady zarządzania energią w obiekcie i dostosować konsumpcję energii do jego profilu energetycznego. Dzięki temu wśród prosumentów wzrasta poczucie dbałości o gospodarkę energetyczną obiektu i szukane są coraz efektywniejsze sposoby zarządzania energią w obiekcie.

EN

The capacity of photovoltaic (PV) microinstallations in Poland has been growing at a rate of 8,5 times year-on-year. Since July 1, 2016 a new legal Act of 22 June 2016 amending the Renewable Energy Sources Act and certain other acts has been in force in Poland and it enables prosumers the settlement of the electricity produced in microinstallations on the basis of discounts. In this system of discounts it is an electricity grid that is used as an energy store and the manner of clearings encourages prosumers to change the energy consumption management system in a facility. The law on renewable energy sources divides generating installations according to their capacity and it distinguishes prosumers from entrepreneurs among investors. The discount system is dedicated to installations producing energy to meet the needs of objects not related to a business activity and with a capacity of not more than 40 kW. Such systems are called microinstallations. PV microinstallations in Poland have a chance to develop more dynamically thanks to facilitations in numerous administrative arrangements. The system of discounts serves encouraging the prosumers to use energy from a PV installation to meet the energy needs of a farm by introducing settlement coefficients. The more energy a building consumes in a real time at the moment of production, the less will be fed to the grid. The less energy will be delivered to the grid, the more will be used more effectively from the point of view of the prosumer. But in order to consume as much energy as it is possible, first of all the rules of energy management in a building should be changed and the energy consumption should be adapted to its energy profile. As a result, the sense of concern for a facility energy economy is growing steadily among prosumers and sought are more and more efficient methods of power management in such a place.