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EN
This article is based on a presentation given at the International Conference “50 years UNESCO World Heritage Convention in Europe: Achievements and Challenges” in Krakow/Poland in June 2022. The purpose is to showcase current challenges for UNESCO World Heritage Cities, how they are connected and how cities can respond to the challenges by installing heritage site managers. The described challenges are based on reports and work within the Organisation of World Heritage Cities (OWHC), the analysis and elaboration of the roles and skills of site managers of previous published work.
EN
Geologists of the Polish Geological Institute carried out their professional activities abroad as part of geological expeditions, in teams of several people and on individual contracts, including as experts of the United Nations. In terms of the scope of work, most of their activities were focued on research on mineral resources, mapping, geochemistry, hydrogeology and geophysics, as well as on teaching of geology at the university level. The beginnings date back to the turn of the 1950s. It began with a geological expedition to Vietnam. Mongolia was the goal of subsequent expeditions on a much wider scale. The researches were conducted from the beginning of the 1960s until the end of the 1980s. The contracts, performed in groups of several people and individually, covered about 20 countries; most of them on the African continent. They focused primarily on the search for metal ore deposits, hard coal, and chemical and rock raw materials. PGI geologists also worked as UN experts in Benin, Burundi, Chad, Gabon, Haiti, India, Madagascar, Mauritania and Niger. The results of their work on various continents were the discoveries of numerous mineral deposits and the recognition of geological structure over an area of thousands of square kilometres.
PL
Fosfor jest ważnym elementem utrzymania życia, jednakże wysokie stężenia fosforu i azotu zrzucane do wód to powyższe substancje biogenne powodują eutrofizację środowiska wodnego. W pracy przedstawiono wybrane przykłady instalacji do praktycznego zastosowania odzysku substancji biogennych, szczególnie implementacji odzysku fosforu poprzez technologię krystalizacji struwitu z odcieków z przeróbki osadów ściekowych w Ameryce Północnej i Europie.
EN
Phosphorus is essential to life; however, with high concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen discharged into waters, these nutrients lead to eutrophication of the aquatic environment. The article presents selected examples of installations for practical use of nutrients recovery, in particular implementation of phosphorus recovery from sludge treatment liquors through struvite crystallization technology in North America and Europe.
EN
As an independent geothermal proxy, the Curie-point depth has important geodynamic implications, but its estimation from magnetic anomalies requires an understanding of the spatial correlation of source magnetization, mathematically characterized by a fractal exponent. In this paper, we show that fractal exponent and Curie depth are so strongly inter-connected that attempts to simultaneous or iterative estimation of both of them often turn out to be futile. In cases of true large Curie depths, the iterative “de-fractal” method has a tendency of overcorrecting fractal exponents and thereby producing erroneously small Curie depths and smearing out true geological trends. While true fractal exponent can no way be constant over a large area, a regionally fxed fractal exponent is better than any mathematical treatments that are beyond the limit of data resolution and the underlying physics.
PL
Richard Haag, amerykański architekt krajobrazu przełomu XX i XXI wieku, wpływał w swojej pracy na zmianę wizerunku terenów poprzez tworzenie koncepcji, których fundamenty opierały się na zagadnieniach związanych z ekologią. Do dziś 50-letnia twórczość architekta znana jest z projektów zarówno publicznych, jak i mieszkalnych, które ukształtowały północno-zachodni krajobraz Ameryki Północnej.
EN
Echinoids are rare in the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior, where fewer than 60 unique occurrences are known to date, most of these represented by only a few tests or isolated spines. A notable exception is the Carthage coal field (Socorro County, New Mexico), where more than 200 specimens of Mecaster batnensis, previously referred to as Hemiaster jacksoni Maury, 1925, have been collected from the basal Bridge Creek Limestone Beds of the Tokay Tongue of the Mancos Shale. Prolific occurrences from the same beds are known from elsewhere in west-central and southwest New Mexico. Recorded originally from the Upper Cretaceous of Algeria, M. batnensis is a small- to medium-sized, irregular echinoid that is confined to the upper Cenomanian Euomphaloceras septemseriatum Zone in New Mexico. Measurements on 169 well-preserved specimens from two localities in New Mexico document a species that is, on average, 21.0 mm long, 19.8 mm wide, and 15.1 mm tall, yielding a width/length ratio of 0.94 and a height/length ratio of 0.72. Graphs plotting width against length and height against length are strongly linear. The Western Interior echinoid record spans the entire Late Cretaceous, although there are no records from rocks of Santonian age. Localities are spread from New Mexico on the south to Alberta on the north. Preserva-tion ranges from coarse internal molds in high-energy sandstones to original tests in low-energy limestones.
EN
An unusual, exotic, ammonite fauna including Romaniceras mexicanum Jones, 1938, Prionocyclus hyatti (Stanton, 1894) and Coilopoceras cf. springeri Hyatt, 1903 is recorded from the late Middle Turonian of Vaucluse and Gard, southern France. It is the first record of this ammonite association outside the Gulf Coast region and the Western Interior of the United States of North America. Up to present, these species were considered as endemic to the Western Interior sea-way. The migration of numerous ammonites from North America to western Europe during the late Middle Turonian suggests it is linked to a transgressive event or to a short sea-level high.
EN
The Kayenta Formation is the third in a series of stratigraphic units making up the Glen Canyon Group that were sampled along US Hwy 89 in southern Utah. The Kayenta is dominantly reversed polarity with a number of very short normal polarity intervals. Above the Kayenta and interbedded in the Navajo Sandstone is the Tenney Canyon Tongue of the Kayenta Formation. The lower half of the Tenney Canyon Tongue was also sampled and is dominantly normal polarity with three short reversed polarity intervals. The dominantly reversed magnetostratigraphy of the Kayenta appears to match that of Early Pliensbachian polarity interval “e-Pli R.” The dominance of normal polarity of the Tenney Canyon Tongue suggests that the Tenney Canyon may have been deposited in the upper half of the Pliensbachian polarity interval “ePli-N.” The suggested polarity matches indicate that the Kayenta and Tenney Canyon Tongue strata are 187–190 Ma in age. The paleopoles of the two units are statistically identical. The combined data of the Kayenta-Springdale-Whitmore Point show that the J-1 cusp terminated before the deposition of the Kayenta Formation. The North American continent/pole returned to its Late Triassic position during/after Springdale time, apparently along the same path used to reach the apex of the J-1 cusp.
EN
A new palaeopalynological investigation was conducted on 15 samples from four test-pits at the Gray Fossil Site (Bear Pit, Elephant Pit, Test Pit 2-2010, and Rhino Pit). In total, 50 morpho-species of miospores (including five species of spores, eight species of gymnosperm pollen, and 37 species of an giosperm pollen) and 18 morpho-species of fresh water algal micro-remains were identified. One new morphological species, related to zygospores of the Zygnemataceae, Stigmozygodites grayensis sp. nov., is proposed. The assemblage of fossil algae recovered provides in sights into the palaeoenvironmental conditions of the uppermost (125 cm) part of the Gray Fossil Site sedimentary cover, deposited after the formation of a number of sink holes, and the fill of the palaeosinkholes. Most of the algae identified prefer meso- to eutrophic conditions and are characteristic of stagnant to slowly flowing shallow fresh water. Therefore, the lacustrine fossiliferous sediments at the Gray Fossil Site represent pond deposits. The palaeopalynological analysis revealed differences in the composition of the miospore and algal assemblages of the pits studied, suggesting that the Test Pit 2-2010, Bear, and Elephant pits are similar and may have been formed in the same pond, while the presence of a higher percentage of algae in the Rhino Pit may indicate sedimentation in a separate waterbody.
EN
The uppermost lower to upper Maastrichtian records of North American scaphitid ammonites in Europe are discussed in terms of taxonomy and significance for transatlantic correlation. A previous record of a U.S. Western Interior scaphitid ammonite, Jeletzkytes dorfi, from the lower part of the upper Maastrichtian in northeast Belgium, is demonstrated to have been based on specimens which reveal features typical of the indigenous European Hoploscaphites constrictus lineage. However, one of the individuals in this collection combines distinct mid-ventral swellings, characteristic of the H. constrictus stock, with irregular flank ornament, typical of J. dorfi. It is speculated that this specimen may be a product of interspecies hybridization. Hoploscaphites sp., allied to H. nicolletii or to H. comprimus, previously known only from the U.S. Western Interior, is recorded from the lower upper Maastrichtian of Austria, and Discoscaphites gulosus, hitherto regarded to be confined to the U.S. Western Interior, Gulf Coast, and Atlantic Seaboard, has been recognised in the upper Maastrichtian of Bulgaria. Additionally, poorly preserved material referred to as Discoscaphites? sp. is recorded from the uppermost lower Maastrichtian of Denmark, and from the upper Maastrichtian of southern Sweden. These records of scaphitids support earlier conclusions that the base of the European upper Maastrichtian roughly corresponds to the base of the Hoploscaphites birkelundae Zone in the U.S. Western Interior.
13
Content available remote The Naref initiative to densify the ITRF in North America
EN
Since the beginning of 2000, the Geodetic Survey Division (GSD) of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) has been playing a leading role in the North American Reference Frame (NAREF) Working Group of the IAG Commision X Subcommission for North America in support of the International GPS Service (IGS) initiative to densify the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRC) in North America. Following the IGS distributed processing approach, NRCan has been computing three weekly regional solutions for Canada following IGS guidelines. Two such solutions are now being generated by GSD on regular basis for redundancy and quality control, one for a 27 station network using GIPSY-OASIS II software and the other for a 65 station network using the BERNESE GPS Software.
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