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Parasitic Nematode Community Structure in Three Wild Duck Species from Western Pomerania, Poland

Stapf-Skiba Agata N., Kavetska Katarzyna M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 3

219--230

EN

Nematode communities of the gastrointestinal tract in three species of wild ducks: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) and common scoter (Melanitta nigra), from the area of Western Pomerania in Poland, were compared. Nematodes were the most numerous group in the helminth fauna of the common scoter, the second most abundant group in the mallard and the least numerous group among parasites found in the tufted duck. A total of 5348 nematodes belonging to 14 species were isolated from 366 examined ducks. Six nematode species (represented by 607 individuals) were found in mallard, 5 species (493 individuals) in tufted duck and 7 species (3576 individuals) in common scoter. Nematofauna of tufted duck was characterized by the highest species evenness, while the nematofauna of common scoter presented the greatest species diversity. The analysis of fauna similarity showed one common parasitic species (Epomidiostomum uncinatum) for mallard and common scoter, and three species (Tetrameres ryjikovi, T. spinosa and Echinuria hypognatha) for tufted duck and common scoter. Regarding the spatial distribution of nematodes most of them primarily reside in the proventriculus (84% of all nematodes in mallard and 40% in tufted duck) and gizzard (56.6% of all nematodes in tufted duck and 74% in common scoter), whereas, only individuals of the species Eucoleus contortus and Capillaria anatis were located in the oesophagus and intestine. The results confirm that the phylogenetic differences of the three duck species, as well as the differences in their ecology are accompanied by differences in the structure of parasitic nematode community.

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Rola fauny glebowej w zróżnicowaniu roślinności na zwałowisku karbońskiej skały płonnej

Radosz Łukasz, Ryś Karolina, Chmura Damian, Hutniczak Agnieszka, Woźniak Gabriela

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

21--28

PL

W pracy przedstawiono relacje między ilością fauny glebowej w zróżnicowaniu roślinności na zwałach pogórniczych. Dotychczas, badacze wiele uwagi poświęcali rozwojowi i zróżnicowaniu zespołów roślinnych na terenach poprzemysłowych uwzględniając m.in. hałdy skały płonnej. Znacznie słabiej poznano ilościowy i jakościowy udział wybranych grup mezo-fauny (nicienie i wazonkowce), w podłożu glebowym terenów poeksploatacyjnych. Poznanie tych zależności może mieć duże znaczenie praktyczne w planowaniu i realizowaniu prac zmierzających do odtwarzania siedlisk na terenach powstałych w związku z eksploatacją surowców mineralnych. Jednym z czynników warunkujących wzrost roślin oraz ich odporność na stres, jest aktywność organizmów glebowych. Stwierdzono marginalnie istotną zależność między różnorodnością gatunkową płatów roślinności, mierzoną wartością wskaźnika Shannona-Wiener’a a liczebnością wazonkowców (rs=0.31, p=0.05). Procentowe pokrycie gatunku dominującego, jego obfitość, jak również, łączne procentowe pokrycie roślin i mszaków, wielkość suchej masy oraz pokrycie ogólne roślin zielnych istotnie wpływa na liczbę wazonkowców.

EN

The work analyzes the relationship between the amount of soil fauna in the diversity of vegetation on post-mining dumps. Until now, researchers have devoted a lot of attention to the development and diversity of plant communities in post-industrial areas, including heaps of gangue. The quantitative and qualitative participation of selected meso-fauna groups (Nematoda, Enchytraeidae) in the soil base of post-mining areas was much less known. Understanding these relationships can be of great practical importance in planning and implementing surveying works to restore habitats in areas created in connection with the exploitation of mineral resources. Activity of soil organisms is one of the factors conditioning plant growth and their resistance to stress. A marginally significant relationship was found between the species diversity of the patches of vegetation, measured by the value of the Shannon-Wiener index, and the abundance of vase vessels (rs=0.31, p=0.05). The percentage coverage of the dominant species, its abundance, as well as the total percentage coverage of plants and bryophytes, dry matter volume and general coverage of herbaceous plants significantly affects the number of vassels.

3

Occurrence of Nematodes in the alimentary tract of great cormorants [Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758)] in colonies located in the upper and lower Vistula River

Stocka I., Dziekońska-Rynko J., Mierzejewska K., Stańczak K., Wziątek B.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 2

168--173

EN

The occurrence of nematodes in the alimentary tract of great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (L., 1758) nestlings was studied in the Włocławek Reservoir located on the Vistula in central Poland and in adult birds wintering in the south of Poland, with the food base in the upper Vistula. Mixed (max 4 species) nematode infections were found in all birds. Apart from Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 found in all studied birds, the third- and fourth-stage larvae as well as adult individuals of the following species were also present: Eustrongylides excisus Jägerskiöld, 1909, Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809), Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802), Desmidocercella numidica Seurat, 1920, Synquaria squamata (Linstow, 1883), Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825), Baruscapillaria carbonis (Dubinin et Dubinina, 1940). The overall mean intensity of infection with nematodes was 23.4 ± 11.6 in nestlings and 175.7 ± 110.9 in adult cormorants. The most common species was C. rudolphii with the mean infection intensity of 12.5 ± 5.9 in nestlings and 154.6 ± 111.4 in adults. The second most common species was E. excisus. S. squamata, C. obvelatus and D. numidica were less common in both age groups. A. simplex and H. aduncum were found only in nestlings, while B. carbonis only in adults.

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Within-year spatio-temporal variation in meiofaunal abundance and community structure, Sinop Bay, the Southern Black Sea

Ürkmez D., Sezgin M., Karaçuha M. E., Öksüz İ., Katağan T., Bat L., Dağlı E., Şahin F.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 1

55--65

EN

The first comprehensive meiobenthos study was carried out in Turkey, the Southern Black Sea (Sinop) from August 2009 to July 2010. Sediment samples were collected monthly at eight stations at 3 m and 10 m water depths located on four transects. A metal push core sampler (surface area 12.56 cm2 and length 10 cm) was used to obtain the material. Meiofaunal abundance and composition were examined. The results revealed that the meiofaunal community consists of twenty five higher taxonomic groups. Four groups dominated the community: Nematoda, Harpacticoida, Foraminifera and Polychaeta. Spatial and temporal meiofaunal abundance fluctuated among stations and over time.

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A brief look at the free-living Nematoda of the oxic/anoxic interface with a new genus record (Trefusia) for the Black Sea

Ürkmez D., Brennan M. L., Sezgin M., Bat L.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2015

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Vol. 44, No. 4

539--551

EN

In order to provide the first comparative source of nematofaunal data at the oxic/anoxic interface off the Sinop Peninsula, the southern Black Sea, a survey of meiofauna and nematode fauna was conducted in August 2011 aboard the exploration vessel (E/V) Nautilus with ROV during the Black Sea Expedition NA012. Higher meiofaunal taxa and nematode composition were investigated. Free-living marine nematodes were the most abundant group at each site. A total of 84 species were found, belonging to 23 families. The suboxic zone was dominated by the nematode Trefusia aff. longicauda (42%). This is the first record of the genus Trefusia De Man, 1893 for the Black Sea. Although many factors are likely to influence the changes in the meiofaunal abundance and the composition of nematode assemblages, we suggest that oxygen reduction indeed affected the meiofaunal abundance and the nematode composition, however, a particular preference of several taxa for extreme conditions may be suggested.

6

New data on the parasites of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra)

Rolbiecki L., Izdebska J. N.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2014

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Vol. 43, No. 1

1--6

EN

The Eurasian otter Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) is a typical representative of carnivorous mammals from the family of mustelids (Mustelidae) which are closely connected with aquatic ecosystems. Parasitofauna of the otter is poorly identified, e.g. only two specimens have been examined in Poland for the presence of parasites. Currently, three species of parasites were found in one otter: the nematode Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782), the acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus ranae (Schrank, 1788) and the skin mite from the Demodecidae family. Demodex sp. is a new species to science, while O. filiformis and Demodex sp. are new parasites for the otter throughout the species range. Furthermore, A. ranae was found for the first time in the otter from the area of Poland. The recorded helminths are typical parasites of amphibians and reptiles, and their occurrence in the Eurasian otter may result from postcyclic transmission from primary hosts.

7

Location and development of larvae of Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in experimentally infected asps Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pisces: Cyprinidae)

Dziekońska-Rynko J., Rokicki J., Mierzejewska K., Wziątek B., Bielecki A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 3

296--301

EN

Laboratory-reproduced and bred asps were experimentally infected with Contracaecum rudolphii larvae, either directly or with previously infected copepods. In the fish exposed to larval infection, the intensity and prevalence of infection were noticeably higher than in the group exposed to copepods. The course of larvae development was similar in both groups. In the larvae measuring ca. 1000 μm in length, the gastrointestinal tract with a developed ventriculus, ventricular appendix and intestinal caecum was clearly visible. The mouth was surrounded by three lips. Over the 10-week experimental period, slightly-coiled larvae surrounded with a thin theca but no encysted larvae were found in the fish exposed to larvae. On the other hand, spirally-stranded and encysted larvae were observed after the 7th week in the fish exposed to infected copepods. The results demonstrated that in the experimentally infected asps, the intensity and prevalence of infection as well as the location of the larvae in a fish depended on the type of invasive material applied.

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Efektywność mieszania biologicznych środków ochrony roślin w zbiorniku opryskiwacza

Chojnacki J.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2009

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R. 13, nr 1

69-75

PL

Przeprowadzono pomiary stężenia owadobójczych nicieni Steinernema feltiae zawartych w wodnej mieszaninie, w zbiorniku opryskiwacza polowego. Badania wykonano przy wypełnieniu zbiornika opryskiwacza 200 i 400 dm3 cieczy. Ciśnienie cieczy w mieszadle hydraulicznym było równe 0,05 i 0,10 MPa. Ciśnienie 0,05 MPa okazało się zbyt małe dla równomiernego wymieszania owadobójczych nicieni z wodą w zbiorniku wypełnionym 400 dm3 cieczy.

EN

The research involved concentration measurements for insecticidal nematoda (Steinernema feltiae) contained in water mixture, in field spraying machine tank. The tests were performed for spraying machine tank containing 200 and 400 dm3 of liquid. Liquid pressure in hydraulic mixer was 0.05 and 0.10 MPa, respectively. Pressure of 0.05 MPa proved to be insufficient for uniform intermixing of insecticidal nematoda with water in tank containing 400 dm3 of liquid.

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Zastosowanie sieci neuronowych do zliczania owadobójczych nicieni

Chojnacki J., Tomkiewicz D.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2008

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R. 12, nr 11(109)

39-45

PL

Przeprowadzono badania nad wykorzystaniem sieci neuronowych w komputerowej analizie obrazu do zliczania owadobójczych nicieni. Został opracowany klasyfikator składający się z sieci neuronowej, który na podstawie wektora cech otrzymanych z obrazu klasyfikował obiekty na zdjęciu określając z czy obiekty są nicieniami i z jakiej ilości nicieni się składają. W celu optymalnego wyboru wektora cech zastosowano metodę Optimal Brain Surgeon.

EN

The scope of the research involved studies on applying neural networks in computer image analysis for the purposes of counting insecticidal nematoda. The researchers developed a classifier consisting of a neural network, and classifying objects shown on a photo according to the vector of characteristics obtained from the image. Thus, the classifier was determining whether the objects were nematoda and how many nematoda they contained. The Optimal Brain Surgeon method was employed in order to ensure optimal selection of characteristics vector.

10

Zastosowanie programu LabView do wyznaczania przeżywalności owadobójczych nicieni - biologicznego środka ochrony roślin

Chojnacki J., Tomkiewicz D.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2008

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R. 12, nr 11(109)

33-38

PL

W pracy przedstawiano metodę zliczania żywych nicieni. Metoda ta wykorzystuje komputerową analizę obrazu. W artykule omówiono metodę na podstawie śladu pozostawionego przez nicienie na sekwencji obrazów. Przedstawiono sposób, w jaki przeprowadzono analizę obrazów. Została również omówiona aplikacja napisana w środowisku LabView.

EN

The paper presents the method allowing to count live nematoda. This method uses computer image analysis. The article discusses the method by showing the example of track left by nematoda on a sequence of images. The authors present a method applied to analyse the images. Moreover, an application written in the LabView environment has been discussed as well.

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Równomierność osadzania owadobójczych nicieni pod rozpylaczem szczelinowym

Chojnacki J.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2008

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R. 12, nr 10(108)

25-30

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad nierównomiernością poprzecznego rozkładu rozpylonej cieczy zawierającej biologiczny środek ochrony roślin - owadobójcze nicienie Steinernema feltiae. Badania przeprowadzono na rozpylaczu płaskostrumieniowym TeeJeet XR 11004 VP dla trzech ciśnień cieczy: 0,2; 0,5; 0,8 MPa. Rozpylana ciecz zbierana była na stole rowkowym. Stwierdzono zależność pomiędzy nierównomiernością osadzania nicieni a ciśnieniem cieczy oraz zależność pomiędzy nierównomiernością rozkładu nicieni a rozkładem poprzecznym cieczy i miejscową koncentracją nicieni w cieczy.

EN

The paper presents results of the research on non-uniformity of transverse distribution of sprayed liquid containing biological pesticide - insecticidal nematoda (Steinernema feltiae). The tests were carried out using a flat-stream sprayer - TeeJeet XR 11004 VP for three liquid pressure values: 0.2; 0.5; 0.8 MPa. Sprayed liquid was collected on a grooved table. Dependencies were found between nematoda deposition non-uniformity and liquid pressure, and between nematoda distribution non-uniformity and transverse distribution of liquid and local nematoda concentration in liquid.

12

The activity of selected hydrolases in excretionsecretion products and exctracts from larvae and mature specimens of Cystidicola farionis

Dziekońska-Rynko J., Rokicki J., Jabłonowski Z.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2003

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Vol. 32, No. 4

117-129

EN

The results of the study indicated that there are differences in the activity of hydrolases depending on the development stage of the parasite and the season of the year. Twelve hydrolases were confirmed to be active in excretion-secretion (ES) products of larvae collected in fall, while nine were active in spring. The activity of hydrolase from the extracts of fall samples was most often higher than in spring. Eight active hydrolases were confirmed in mature specimens both in spring and fall, and they exhibited a lower activity level than the ES products of larvae. However, the activity of enzymes was higher in mature specimens than in larvae in the extracts from both spring and fall samples.