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1

The challenges and solutions to implementing the lean concept: the case of Lithuanian companies

Vienažindienė Milita, Čiarnienė Ramunė

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 28, No. 2

423--440

EN

Lean philosophy is one of the wide-ranging ways to promote efficiency while emphasizing a high level of awareness about the customer. Despite the attempts by multiple companies worldwide to implement partial or whole spectrum of the Lean concept for better performance, the failure rate in the Lean transformation among organizations reaches as high as 90%. The paper aims to identify the main challenges and barriers to Lean implementation in Lithuania and to provide proposals on how to facilitate it. To achieve this aim, the authors of the paper present a theoretical conceptual model that illustrates the main benefits, barriers, and proposals for successful Lean implementation. Based on the theoretical analysis, qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews based on open-ended questions was used. The results of empirical research revealed that most companies implement the Lean concept with the aim to reduce different types of waste, simplify the processes and make them more efficient, increase production capacity, and ensure more effective customer service. The most successful Lean tools addressing the existing problems are 5S (6S), process mapping, standardization, visual management, Kaizen, and Kanban. The main barriers which delay Lean transformations can be grouped into people-related, organizational, and process-related. Employee training, motivation, Lean leadership, and creation of an enabling culture could be the main recommendations for the facilitation of challenges and barriers to Lean implementation.

PL

Filozofia Lean jest jednym z szeroko zakrojonych sposobów promowania wydajności przy jednoczesnym podkreśleniu wysokiego poziomu świadomości oczekiwań klienta. Pomimo podejmowanych przez wiele firm na całym świecie prób wdrożenia części lub całego spektrum koncepcji Lean w celu uzyskania lepszych wyników, wskaźnik niepowodzeń w transformacji Lean wśród organizacji sięga nawet 90%. Artykuł ma na celu zidentyfikowanie głównych wyzwań i barier związanych z wdrażaniem Lean na Litwie oraz przedstawienie propozycji ukierunkowanej na poprawę skuteczności wdrożeń. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, autorzy artykułu przedstawiają teoretyczny model koncepcyjny, który ilustruje główne korzyści, bariery i propozycje udanego wdrożenia Lean. W oparciu o analizę teoretyczną zastosowano badania jakościowe w formie częściowo ustrukturyzowanych wywiadów opartych na pytaniach otwartych. Wyniki badań empirycznych wykazały, że większość firm wdraża koncepcję Lean w celu zmniejszenia różnych rodzajów marnotrawstwa, uproszczenia procesów i zwiększenia ich wydajności, zwiększenia zdolności produkcyjnych i zapewnienia bardziej efektywnej obsługi klienta. Najskuteczniejsze narzędzia Lean rozwiązujące istniejące problemy to 5S (6S), mapowanie procesów, standaryzacja, zarządzanie wizualne, Kaizen i Kanban. Główne bariery opóźniające transformację Lean można podzielić na te związane z ludźmi, organizacją i procesami. Szkolenie pracowników, motywacja, przywództwo Lean i tworzenie sprzyjającej kultury mogą być głównymi zaleceniami dotyczącymi ułatwiania wyzwań i barier we wdrażaniu Lean.

2

Nearshore sandbar switching episodes and their relationship with coastal erosion at the Curonian Spit, Baltic Sea

Janušaitė Rasa, Jarmalavičius Darius, Pupienis Donatas, Žilinskas Gintautas, Jukna Laurynas

Oceanologia

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2023

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Vol. 65 (1)

71--85

EN

The longshore realignment of nearshore sandbars is a morphodynamic phenomenon of multiple sandbar systems that has been known about for several decades. However, it is unknown how switching-related nearshore changes influence the evolution of subaerial beaches. This study aims to define the relationship between sandbar switching episodes and the dynamic state of the beach-foredune system along the Curonian Spit coast (Baltic Sea) using decadal satellite-derived and beach profiling data. To define this connection, sandbar switching locations, sandbar cross-shore positions, shoreline positions, and sand volume changes in the beach-foredune system were assessed on interannual and storm-related time scales. Twenty-seven sandbar switching episodes were observed with an average duration of 14.3 months. Most of the switching episodes occurred at preferred locations, coinciding with breaking points of different shoreline orientations where oblique waves and longshore currents prevailed. Shoreline retreat at an average rate of —14.2 m was observed within most of the sandbar switching zones. During major storm events, the average rate of erosion within the sandbar switching zones was significantly higher than the rate outside them. On an interannual time scale, a moderate average rate of erosion was observed within the sandbar switching zones compared to a small accretion rate outside them. Additional case studies of coastal evolution within the switching zones indicated well-correlated rates of switching-determined outer sandbar positions, shoreline positions, and sand volume on the beach and foredune during the switching episodes. The results of this study could be important for the identification of erosional hot spots and coastal prediction. ing by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

3

New 14C data of megafaunal remains from Lithuania : implications for the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Middle Weichselian

Satkūnas Jonas, Girininkas Algirdas, Rimkus Tomas, Daugnora Linas, Grigienė Alma, Stančikaitė Miglė, Slah Gvidas, Skuratovič Žana, Uogintas Domas, Žulkus Vladas

Geological Quarterly

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2023

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Vol. 67, No. 1

art. no. 3

EN

Palaeobiological data, supplemented by new 14C dates in conjunction with palaeobotanical and lithological information, have allowed reconstruction of Middle Weichselian (MIS 3) environmental fluctuations in the southern Eastern Baltic region. Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions implying non-glacial conditions during the Middle Weichselian (MIS 3) are supported by the spatial and temporal context of recently discovered remains of Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach and Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus, 1758. Recording both cold and warm climatic reversals of MIS 3, representatives of the megafauna thrived in an environment characterized by a heterogeneity of vegetation and climate. 14C dating shows that the majority of the megafaunal remains analysed represent the 38–45 cal kyr BP time-interval, which correlates with the Nemunas 2c cold interval (cryomer), and the 31–34 cal kyr BP or Mickñnai 3 thermomer. From pollen data, the palaeovegetation pattern varied from tree-less tundra to birch-predominating forest with an admixture of temporal tree species providing additional information about the diet and habitat preferences of these herbivores in the context of the MIS 3 climatic events.

4

Comparative Analysis of Western Ukrainian and Lithuanian Folk Towels

Kumpikaitė Eglė, Nykorak Olena, Nenartavičiūtė Erika, Herus Ludmyla, Kutsyr Tetiana, Milašienė Daiva, Kozakevych Olena, Rukuižienė Žaneta

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2023

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Vol. 31, no. 2

26--38

EN

A comparative analysis of traditional western Ukrainian and Lithuanian towels provides rich material for new creative inspirations, as well as diversification of individual and mass-produced interior textiles, and also visualizes historical ties between the two countries. Therefore, the objective of the article is to analyse the weaving techniques that prevail in the creation of towel decor, to determine the artistic and stylistic parameters of Ukrainian and Lithuanian towels and to establish the common and unique features of their decor. The techniques of plain and twill weaving, the latter of which could obtain simple textured patterns on the canvas, were widespread in both countries. Various weaving compositions were obtained by the pick-up techniques of weaving, the overshot, and the damask weaving technique, which was much more widespread in Lithuania than in the western part of Ukraine.

5

Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment of the Dams at the Salmonid Rivers of Lithuania

Kasiulis Egidijus, Šadzevičius Raimondas, Virbickas Tomas

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2022

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Tom 24

129--140

EN

EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 aims to restore 25,000 km of free-flowing rivers across Europe. The critical issue is which barriers should be prioritised for removal. In this study, a set of socio-economic and environmental criteria was chosen to rank the dams on salmonid rivers in Lithuania and recommend them for removal. As these criteria usually contradict themselves, the multi-criteria decision analysis tool was utilised. The results showed that the Anykščiai dam on the river Šventoji could be recommended to be removed first. The removal can significantly increase the salmonid population in the river Šventoji over a significant stretch of the river. Also, this dam is in a protected area, is not listed as a national heritage, and does not have a hydropower plant. Although, this study showed that dams with hydropower plants could also be recommended for removal.

6

Mercury and methylmercury in Baltic Sea sediments, and Polish and Lithuanian soils

Ignatavičius Gytautas, Unsal Murat H., Busher Peter E., Wołkowicz Stanisław, Satkūnas Jonas, Valskys Vaidotas

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 3

art. no. 22

EN

We review the current environmental pollution by mercury in the soils of Poland and Lithuania and in the sediments of the Baltic Sea. Mercury is documented to have many negative impacts on the environment as a toxic trace element. In many different chemical forms, it is being released into the environment by both geogenic and anthropogenic activities, with most being released from anthropogenic sources. Methylmercury is considered one of the most toxic forms found in the environment. Mercury levels in sediment and various point sources increased after World War II in the Baltic Sea, which was used as a dumpsite. Previous studies show noticeable differences in total mercury in the Baltic Sea. In the Warta and Odra rivers in Poland, mercury levels are also higher than the background value, though recent findings suggest that river sediments are not the main source of mercury to marine sediments. Concentrations in soils in Poland and Lithuania were below the level of limit values (1 and 1.5 mg/kg-1 respectively), but Upper Silesia showed concentrations (up to 4.01 mg · kg-1) above the limit values. Furthermore, between 1992 and 2006, mercury levels in Wroc³aw dropped dramatically. The dominant trees in the area can affect mercury accumulation. No data were available for comparison with the soils in Estonia and Latvia.

7

Toward Comprehensive Defense: The Case of the Baltic States since 2014

Śliwa Zdzisław, Kalinowski Romuald, Petraitis Daivis

Safety & Defense

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2021

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3

71--81

EN

This article provides an assessment of the defense efforts undertaken by Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania since 2014. This analysis is focused on national efforts in the field of military defense and societal resilience. The assessment of defense efforts undertaken by the Baltic states has been based on their pragmatic perception of threats, development of military capabilities, and preparations in the field of civil resilience. The research references publicly available governmental documents of the Baltic states, such as security and defense strategies and concepts, defense plans, and budgets. It discusses recent research and analytical works in the field of and defense of the Baltic states. The research suggests that despite national modalities, all of the Baltic states are implementing core elements of the comprehensive defense. Although there is solid progress in implementing comprehensive defense in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, there are still many challenges ahead.

8

Correlation of Eemian sections in Lithuania and Belarus based on palaeomagnetic, radioisotope and palaeobotanic data

Šeirienė Vaida, Karabanov Alexander, Baltrūnas Valentinas, Karmaza Bronislavas, Katinas Valentas, Pukelytė Violeta, Rylova Tatyana, Demidova Svetlana

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 3

art. no. 46

EN

Eemian (Murava, Merkinė) deposits at five exposed sections (Zaslavl, Zhukevichi, Ponemun, Snaigupėlė, and Netiesos) located in Lithuania and Belarus are described. Preliminary palaeomagnetic results show a record of the Brunhes epoch normal magnetic field and a short-term reversal – the Blake Event – is recognized in three of the five sections. The Blake Event recorded in the Netiesos section is characterized by a pattern consisting of three short reversed polarity intervals separated by two short normal polarity intervals. The directional changes of declination, inclination, and MS (magnetic susceptibility) are clear. ESR dating (112.5 ±10.8 and 112.1 ±25.9) and 230Th/U dates obtained from this section (108.8 ±12.0/9.9 ka for the L/L technique and 100.2 ±10.3/8.6 ka for the TSD technique) suggest that (Blake and post-Blake) palaeomagnetic excursions are present in this section. Palaeobotanical analysis and isotope dating of the Netiesos section suggest that the Blake Event occurred during the climatic optimum.

9

Willingness to defend one's own country and to resist in the Baltic states

Andžāns Māris, Sprūds Andris

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 30, No. 3

15--30

EN

This article addresses the question of willingness to defend one’s own country and a similar notion of resistance, should Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia be attacked. The study principally relies on quantitative data from a dedicated nationally representative survey across all three countries. The data acquired thereof reaffirm findings from previous studies concluding that the highest level of willingness to defend one’s own country is in Estonia, while it is lower in Latvia and in Lithuania. Asked if and how respondents would resist in case of an attack, more willingness to resist either non-violently or violently was expressed by respondents in Lithuania, ahead of the number of willing to do so in Estonia and more so in Latvia. Demographic background of the respondents visualized and discussed in the article provides further nuances of both research questions. While situation with the willingness to defend Estonia is relatively comfortable, this should not be treated as a reason for complacency. There is still room for progress within some groups of the society. Meanwhile, valuable lessons could be drawn for policies of Latvia and more so of Lithuania to avert some of the less ﬂattery trends identifed in this study.

10

Stacje przeładunkowe w krajach bałtyckich, czyli bałtyckie porty w ruchu towarowym (cz. II)

Graff Marek

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2019

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R. 26, nr 6

19--35

PL

(1 520/1 524 mm) po przekształceniach gospodarek Litwy, Łotwy i Estonii po 1991 r. szybko przystosowały się do funkcjonowania w realiach gospodarki rynkowej, a więzi z Europą zostały wzmocnione po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej w 2004 r. Historycznie kraje te były swoistymi pośrednikami pomiędzy Rosją i Europą w zakresie wymiany handlowej, a obecnie ów trend – z pewnymi modyfikacjami – nadal jest utrzymany. Wynika to także ze specyfiki rosyjskiego i częściowo także białoruskiego eksportu bazującego na towarach masowych – węglu kamiennym, produktach naftowych, zbożu, nawozach, słowem ładunkach idealnych do przewozu koleją (towary o znacznej masie, przewożone na duże odległości). Atutem państw bałtyckich jest także fakt położenia geograficznego względem Rosji – na wybrzeżu Bałtyku, co jest wykorzystywane do eksportu ładunków masowych z Rosji, ewentualnie kontenerów z Chin. Obecny stan wydaje się w perspektywie średnioterminowej raczej niezagrożony, niezależnie od panujących napięć pomiędzy UE i Rosją. Nowym bardzo ambitnym projektem jest linia Rail Baltica, czyli planowana normalnotorowa linia zelektryfikowana (25 kV 50 Hz) biegnąca od granicy polsko-litewskiej przez Kowno (z pominięciem Wilna), Rygę i Tallinn, a także do Helsinek przez tunel pod Zatoką Fińską.

EN

Seaports in the Baltic States are connected to the railway network (1 520/1 524 mm), and after transformations of the economies of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia after 1991, have been quickly adapted to functioning in the market economy, and their ties with Europe were strengthened after accession of these countries to the European Union in 2004. Historically, these states were specific intermediaries between Russia and Europe in the field of trade, and now this trend, with some modifications, is still maintained. This is also due to the specificity of Russian and partly Belarusian exports, based on mass goods – coal, petroleum products, grain, fertilizers, in short, ideal loads for rail transport (goods of considerable weight, which are transported over long distances). The asset of the Baltic states is also the fact of geographical location with respect to Russia – on the Baltic coast, which is used to export bulk cargo from Russia, or containers from China. The current state seems unlikely in the medium term, regardless of the political turbulences between the EU and Russia. The new very ambitious project is the Rail Baltica line, a planned standard-gauge electrified line (25 kV 50 Hz) from the Polish-Lithuanian border through Kaunas (excluding Vilnius), Riga and Tallinn, and to Helsinki via the tunnel under the Gulf of Finland.

11

Stacje przeładunkowe w krajach bałtyckich, czyli bałtyckie porty w ruchu towarowym. Cz. I

Graff Marek

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

|

2019

|

R. 26, nr 5

19--37

PL

Porty morskie w krajach bałtyckich połączone z siecią kolejową (1 520/1 524 mm) po przekształceniach gospodarek Litwy, Łotwy i Estonii po 1991 r. szybko przystosowały się do funkcjonowania w realiach gospodarki rynkowej, a więzi z Europą zostały wzmocnione po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej w 2004 r. Historycznie kraje te były swoistymi pośrednikami pomiędzy Rosją i Europą w zakresie wymiany handlowej, a obecnie ów trend – z pewnymi modyfikacjami nadal jest utrzymany. Wynika to także ze specyfiki rosyjskiego i częściowo także białoruskiego eksportu bazującego na towarach masowych – węglu kamiennym, produktach naftowych, zbożu, nawozach, słowem ładunkach idealnych do przewozu koleją (towary o znacznej masie, przewożone na duże odległości). Atutem państw bałtyckich jest także fakt położenia geograficznego względem Rosji – na wybrzeżu Bałtyku, co jest wykorzystywane do eksportu ładunków masowych z Rosji, ewentualnie kontenerów z Chin. Obecny stan wydaje się w perspektywie średnioterminowej raczej niezagrożony, niezależnie od panujących napięć pomiędzy UE i Rosją. Nowym bardzo ambitnym projektem jest linia Rail Baltica, czyli planowana normalnotorowa linia zelektryfikowana (25 kV 50 Hz) biegnąca od granicy polsko-litewskiej przez Kowno (z pominięciem Wilna), Rygę i Tallinn, a także do Helsinek przez tunel pod Zatoką Fińską.

EN

Seaports in the Baltic States are connected to the railway network (1 520/1 524 mm), and after transformations of the economies of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia and after 1991, have been quickly adapted to functioning in the market economy, and their ties with Europe were strengthened after accession of these countries to the European Union in 2004. Historically, these states were specific intermediaries between Russia and Europe in the field of trade, and now this trend, with some modifications, is still maintained. This is also due to the specificity of Russian and partly Belarusian exports, based on mass goods – coal, petroleum products, grain, fertilizers, in short, ideal loads for rail transport (goods of considerable weight, which are transported over long distances). The asset of the Baltic states is also the fact of geographical location with respect to Russia – on the Baltic coast, which is used to export bulk cargo from Russia, or containers from China. The current state seems unlikely in the medium term, regardless of the political turbulences between the EU and Russia. The new very ambitious project is the Rail Baltica line, a planned standard-gauge electrified line (25 kV 50 Hz) from the Polish-Lithuanian border through Kaunas (excluding Vilnius), Riga and Tallinn, and to Helsinki via the tunnel under the Gulf of Finland.

12

Lithuania in European Union common security and defence policy context

Palavenis Donatas

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2019

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Vol. 25, No. 3

15--36

EN

Objectives:EU Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) that encompasses 29 nations is gaining momentum. The aim of this study is to acknowledge ongoing developments in EU CSDP and define their impact for Lithuanian defence and security policy. Methods: Comparative scientific literature and document analysis method was used throughout this study. Article firstly reviews a path of EU CSDP developments, outlines roles and responsibilities of EU structures and examines current activities in CSDP framework with the focus to Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO). Second part is devoted to consider Lithuanian’s role in current EU CSDP context, to outline decisions that Lithuanian authorities made to implement new PESCO initiative. Results: Study reveals that: CSDP remains adaptive framework for EU; established procedures ensure CSDP is in compromise with all of nations; PESCO initiative signals positive outcomes while reinforcing idea of “EU Strategic autonomy”. Furthermore it was indentified that: approved National Security Strategy backs current EU initiatives; PESCO could provide flexible response options without duplicating NATO’s efforts; national participation in PESCO initiatives will enable improvements in cyber security and will enable rapid access for possible EU and NATO troops deployments; participation in PESCO negotiation phase reached given political aims to seek more extensive projects and position nation within core members of EU. Conclusions: Lithuanian policies’ shift for deeper engagement in CSDP is likely shaped by recognition that strategic trans-Atlantic partnership is not certain anymore, as well as UK role at post-Brexit period as 3rd party.

13

Zjawiska rezonansowe a praca zabezpieczeń nadprądowych dławików kompensacyjnych linii wysokiego napięcia

Klucznik J., Lubośny Z., Dobrzyński K.

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2017

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R. 85, nr 4

12--15

PL

Przedstawiono problemy związane z działaniem zabezpieczeń nadprądowych dławików kompensacyjnych, zainstalowanych w linii 400 kV Ełk Bis – Alytus.

EN

The principle of functioning of surcurrent compensating coils installed in 400 kV Ełk Bis – Alytus Line is presented in the article.

14

Problemy pracy zabezpieczeń odległościowych linii 400 kV w Polsce północno-wschodniej

Dobrzyński K., Klucznik J., Lubośny Z.

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2017

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R. 85, nr 6

14--19

PL

Przedstawiono analizę wpływu połączenia polskiego systemu elektroenergetycznego z systemem Litwy na detekcję zakłóceń przez zabezpieczenia odległościowe linii 400 kV znajdujących się w najbliższym otoczeniu stacji Ełk Bis.

EN

Analysis of influence of Polish and Lithuania power systems integration on faults detection by distance protection of 400 kV transmission lines in the surroundings of Ełk Bis substation is presented.

15

Komunikacja kolejowa pomiędzy Polską i Litwą

Graff M.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2017

|

R. 24, nr 6

45--52

PL

Granica polsko-litewska w okresie ostatnich 25 lat ewoluowała od całkowicie zamkniętej do całkowicie otwartej, co jest spowodowane m.in. przynależnością obu krajów do UE oraz strefy Schengen. Dostępność unijnych funduszy pomocowych spowodowała, iż w Polsce i na Litwie rozpoczęto proces modernizacji infrastruktury, w tym kolejowej – liczne linie zostały zrewitalizowane lub zmodernizowane, pozyskano także nowoczesny tabor. Proces ten jest znacznie bardziej odczuwalny na Litwie niż w Polsce, z powodu nadrabiania przez północno-wschodniego sąsiada Polski znacznie większego zapóźnienia cywilizacyjnego. Przykładem jest tabor zachodniej produkcji na sieci LG, przed 1991 r. praktycznie nieobecny. Jednym z elementów łączących oba kraje będzie projektowana linia Rail Baltica, czyli linia normalnotorowa biegnąca z Berlina przez Warszawę, Białystok, Ełk, Suwałki, Kowno, Rygę do Tallina, i być może do Helsinek (wybudowano już odcinek od granicy z polsko-litewskiej do Kowna). I choć nie wszystkie plany kończą się sukcesem, np. niewielkie wykorzystanie potencjału przejścia granicznego Trakiszki– Mockava, to symbole przeszłości takie jak nienowoczesna seria M62 powoli odchodzą w niebyt.

EN

The Polish-Lithuanian border has evolved over the past 25 years from completely closed to fully opened, which is caused by membership of both countries to the EU and the Schengen zone. The availability of EU funds has led to the modernization of infrastructure in Poland and Lithuania, including railway lines - many of them have been revitalized or modernized, and modern rolling stock has been acquired. This process is much more advanced in Lithuania than in Poland, due to catching up by the North-Eastern neighbor of Poland considerably larger civilization lags. An example is the Western-built rolling stock used on the LG network now, before 1991 absent in fact. One of the elements connecting the two countries will be the proposed the Rail Baltica line - the normal gauge line from Berlin through Warsaw, Bialystok, Elk, Suwalki, Kaunas, Riga to Tallinn, and possibly to Helsinki (already a stretch from the Polish-Lithuanian border to Kaunas has been built). However, not all plans are successful, for example the lack of passenger communication between Warsaw and Vilnius, including the abandonment of the SUW 2000 system, or the limited use of the Trakiszki - Mockava border crossing point, but symbols of the past such as the mysterious M62 class are gradually removed from normal exploitation.

16

Insight into variability of spring and flash flood events in Lithuania

Meilutytė-Lukauskienė D., Akstinas V., Kriaučiūnienė J., Šarauskienė D., Jurgelėnaitė A.

Acta Geophysica

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2017

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Vol. 65, no. 1

89--102

EN

In this research, variability of spring (from 1 March to 30 May) and flash (from 1 June to 30 November) floods in rivers of different regions was analysed. The territory of Lithuania is divided into three regions according to hydrological regime of the rivers: Western, Central, and Southeastern. The maximum river discharge data of spring and flash floods [a total of 31 water gauging stations (WGS)] were analysed. Comparison of the data of four periods (1922–2013, 1941–2013, 1961–2013, and 1991–2013) with the data of the reference period (1961–1990) was performed. Analysis included the longest discharge data set of the Nemunas River at Smalininkai WGS (1812–2013) as well. Mixed patterns of flood changes in Lithuanian rivers were detected. The analysis of flood discharges of the Nemunas River indicated that both spring and flash floods in Lithuania were getting smaller.

17

Upper Homerian (Silurian) high-resolution correlation using cyclostratigraphy: an example from western Lithuania

Radzevičius S., Tumakovaitė B., Spiridonov A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2017

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Vol. 67, no. 2

307--322

EN

The Gėluva regional stage stratigraphically corresponds to the late Wenlock. This time interval witnessed significant graptolite extinctions and turnovers of conodont faunas, as well as a large positive Mulde carbon isotopic excursion. Thus, the development of a detailed stratigraphy is a necessary step in understanding the complex patterns of regional and global variations in the sediments accumulating during the time interval studied. Therefore, in this contribution we present a cyclostratigraphic analysis of gamma ray (GR) logs from four wells, which are located in the deep water facies belt of the Lithuanian part of the Silurian Baltic Basin of the Gėluva regional stage. The analysis was performed using REDFIT spectral estimation, continuous wavelet transform and signal filtering techniques. As a result two 4th order and five 5th order cycles were distinguished and named in all sections. The correlation of cycles between sections was calibrated with the graptolite biozones. The comparative analysis revealed that intra-basinal cyclostratigraphic correlation could achieve resolution of the order of several tens of thousands of years.

18

The traditional sacral wooden construction in Lithuania between XVIII and XIX century

Berežanskytė L., Campisi T.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2016

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Nr 45

98--108

EN

Lithuania is situated in a highly forested Northeastern Europe area and has a great variety of wooden buildings. Among the wooden structures we can enumerate the religious buildings, rich of historic values, presenting different shapes and sizes and also a complex design and stratified construction phases. The oldest wooden churches began to built in Lithuania in the 13th century. Currently, there are more than 600 existing wooden sacral buildings, which not yet have detailed studies about their constructive and structural aspects. The main objectives of the research are: – knowledge of the rituals, related to the building types and stylistics and architectural solutions which were adapted to the Lithuanian sacred architecture; – systematization of the all sacred Lithuanian wooden buildings, with a particular attention to a detailed study of the more significant examples; – systematization of the building types and design of a constructive techniques catalogue, useful to the future recovery and preservation of timber structures; – schedules of the technological solutions, implementation of analyzed wooden buildings, related to the damage mechanisms and detected failures; – architectural and constructive terms glossary (Italian-Lithuanian-English languages). The research project proceeds – according to the direct knowledge of the building and through the analysis of the actual conditions – to define a geometric – dimensional and constructive survey, the analysis of the constitutive geometries, the history of construction techniques, the analysis of the main failures and degradations, the retrieval of the literature of the churches and their construction techniques.

PL

Litwa położona jest na gęsto zalesionych terenach Europy Północno-Wschodniej, stąd bogactwo budownictwa drewnianego w tym kraju. Wśród budynków drewnianych wyróżniają się obiekty sakralne, o dużej wartości historycznej, różnorodnej formie i rozmiarach, złożonych projektach i wieloetapowej realizacji. Najstarsze kościoły drewniane zaczęto budować na Litwie w XIII wieku. Obecnie na terenie kraju znajduje się ponad 600 drewnianych obiektów sakralnych, których aspekty konstrukcyjne i strukturalne nie zostały jeszcze szczegółowo zbadane. Główne cele przedstawionych badań to: - poznanie tradycji i rytuałów związanych z typami budynków oraz rozwiązań stylistycznych i architektonicznych wykorzystywanych przy wznoszeniu obiektów sakralnych na Litwie; – usystematyzowanie wszystkich drewnianych obiektów sakralnych na Litwie oraz szczegółowe badania najważniejszych przykładów; – usystematyzowanie typów budynków oraz opracowanie katalogu technik budowlanych, przydatnego w przyszłych pracach konserwatorskich i rekonstrukcyjnych obiektów drewnianych; – rozwój i zmiany w stosowanych rozwiązaniach technologicznych, zachodzące na przestrzeni wieków, analiza obiektów drewnianych pod kątem mechanizmów zniszczenia i zidentyfi kowanych uszkodzeń; – opracowanie słownika zwrotów architektonicznych i konstrukcyjnych (w językach włoskim, litewskim i angielskim). W ramach projektu przeprowadzono analizę obiektów pod kątem ich geometrii, wymiarów, konstrukcji, geometrii elementów składowych, historii technik budowlanych, głównych uszkodzeń i degradacji drewna – na podstawie badań obiektów i ich rzeczywistych warunków, a także na podstawie znalezionej i zgromadzonej dokumentacji dotyczącej kościołów i technik zastosowanych do ich budowy.

19

Živilė Bardzilawskaite + Juris Bergins = Miłość ... albo dwóch artystów z Łotwy i Litwy

Sokołowa K.

Szkło i Ceramika

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2016

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R. 67, nr 5

32--33

20

Ceramika pod szklanym niebem

Surma W., Daunora T., Toločka V.

Szkło i Ceramika

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2016

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R. 67, nr 4

36--37