Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Comparative study of combustion and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with FAME and HVO

Hunicz Jacek, Krzaczek Paweł, Gęca Michał, Rybak Arkadiusz, Mikulski Maciej

Combustion Engines

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2021

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R. 60, nr 1

72--78

EN

This study investigates combustion and emission characteristics of a contemporary single-cylinder compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). These two drop-in fuels have an increasing share in automotive supply chains, yet have substantially different physical and auto-ignition properties. HVO has a lower viscosity and higher cetane number, and FAME has contrary characteristics. These parameters heavily affect mixture formation and the following combustion process, causing that the engine preoptimized to one fuel option can provide deteriorated performance and excess emissions if another sustainable option is applied. To investigate the scale of this problem, injection pressure sweeps were performed around the stock, low NOx and low PM engine calibration utilizing split fuel injection. The results showed that FAME and HVO prefer lower injection pressures than diesel fuel, with the benefits of simultaneous reduction of all emission indicators compared to DF. Additionally, reduction of injection pressure from 80 MPa to 60 MPa for biodiesels at low engine load resulted in improved brake thermal efficiency by 1 percentage point, due to reduced parasitic losses in the common rail system.

2

Potencjał hydrorafinowanego oleju roślinnego (ang. HVO - Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil) jako biopaliwa wysokoreaktywnego w dwupaliwowych układach zasilania

Chojnowski Janusz, Nogas Patrycja

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2021

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Vol. 70, nr 2

73--87

PL

w czasach intensywnych badań dotyczących zmniejszenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych do atmosfery z sektora motoryzacyjnego inżynierowie i badacze znajdują efektywne rozwiązania umożliwiające osiągnięcie ten cel. Emisję dwutlenku węgla można zmniejszyć poprzez zwiększenie sprawności silnika spalinowego lub zmniejszenie zawartości węgla w spalanym paliwie. Połączeniem obu tych założeń może być wykorzystanie nowoczesnych układów zasilania dwupaliwowego do silników o zapłonie samoczynnym (zs), w których dawką pilotażową paliwa wysokoreaktywnego jest hydrorafinowany olej roślinny HVO) będący ekologicznym substytutem oleju napędowego. temat wykorzystania HVO jako paliwa pilotażowego jest niezbadany empirycznie, jednak informacje dostępne na jego temat wskazują na zasadność takich zastosowań.

EN

In times of increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere from the automotive sector, engineers and researchers are finding effective solutions to achieve this goal. The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine or by reducing the carbon content in the fuel burned. The combination of both of these assumptions can be the use of modern dual-fuel systems for diesel engines in which the pilot dose of highly reactive fuel is hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), which is an ecological substitute for diesel oil. The topic of the use of HVO as a pilot fuel is empirically unexplored, however the available information on it indicates the validity of such applications.

3

A review of the behavior of fuel drops in a fuel spray in the context of biofuels

Kägo Riho, Ilves Risto, Küüt Arne, Olt Jüri

Journal of Power Technologies

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2019

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Vol. 99, nr 3

218--230

EN

In addition to gasoline and diesel fuel, the biofuels HVO and FAME have been taken into wide use during the last decades. The properties of gasoline and diesel fuel and their effect on the combustion process have been studied for a long time, but studies on HVO and FAME are still are very much work-in-progress. Existing studies show that the use of biodiesels reduces the level of several exhaust gas emissions (like soot) in engine exhaust gases. At the same time, the reasons for the reduction of emission compounds remain unclear. The motivation behind determining drop size and behavior is to aid assessment of the quality of the air-fuel mixture with a view to explaining the reduction in soot emission when biodiesels are used. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of the behavior of fuel drops and their size in fuel injectors when using different biofuels by giving a theoretical background based on literature, on the basis of which the calculations give an opportunity to evaluate experimental results of the behavior of different biofuels in the fuel spray. This study compares four different fuel types according to the WAVE-RT model. In addition, the collision mechanisms of drops (reflexive and stretching separation) are presented and these shall be compared for the fuel types. The results show that during the use of biofuels, the drop size is somewhat larger compared to diesel fuel.

4

Combustion of RME – diesel and NExBTL – diesel blends with hydrogen in the compression ignition engine

Juknelevičius R., Szwaja S., Pyrc M., Gruca M., Pukalskas S.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 3

261--274

EN

The article presents the test results of the single cylinder compression ignition engine with common rail injection system operating on biofuels and conventional diesel blends with hydrogen. Two types of liquid fuels were tested: blend of the 7% Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) with conventional diesel fuel and Neste Pro Diesel – blend of the 15% Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), produced by Neste Oil Corporation with conventional diesel fuel. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of the hydrogen addition to biofuels and diesel blends on combustion phases, autoignition delay, engine performance efficiency and exhaust emissions. Hydrogen fraction was changed within the range from 0 to 43% by energy. Hydrogen was injected into the intake manifold, where it created homogeneous mixture with air. Tests were performed at both fixed and optimal injection timings at low, medium, and nominal engine load. After analysis of the engine bench tests and simulation with AVL BOOST software, it was observed that increasing hydrogen fraction shortened the fuel ignition delay phase and it affected the main combustion phase. Moreover, decrease of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and smoke opacity was observed with increase of hydrogen amounts to the engine. However, increase of the nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentration in the engine exhaust gases was observed.

5

Stosowanie biokomponentów HVO w świetle dyrektyw UE oraz przepisów krajowych

Jęczmionek Ł, Rogowska D

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2013

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T. 92, nr 12

2260-2264

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Biodiesel w UE i Polsce - obecne uwarunkowania i perspektywy

Roszkowski A.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2012

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R. 20, nr 3

65-78

PL

W pracy przedstawiono obecne i wzrastające znaczenie paliw do silników wysokoprężnych w bilansach paliw transportowych (płynnych) UE oraz opisano rolę i udział biodiesla wytwarzanego z biomasy. Omówiono wprowadzane obecnie zmiany w obowiązujących przepisach prawnych EU i USA, istotnie ograniczające produkcję biodiesla z użyciem dotychczasowych technologii. Opisano wyniki analiz wpływu zmian obszarowych (ILUC) i środowiskowych na uprawy roślinne, będące dotychczas podstawowymi surowcami do produkcji biodiesla metodami transestryfikacji. Omówiono i oceniono przydatność obecnych surowców do wytwarzania biodiesla z uwzględnieniem trzech generacji substratów. Wskazano na wpływ wprowadzanych przepisów na utrudnienia handlowe tak biodieslem, jak i surowcami oraz substratami do jego wytwarzania. Opisano ograniczenia w wykorzystaniu innych pożądanych substratów - tłuszczów zwierzęcych i mikroalg - oraz utrudnienia wynikające z odmiennych interpretacji przepisów o zastosowaniu osadów ściekowych jako biomasy. Przedstawiono ocenę stanu i perspektyw dotychczasowych i przyszłościowych technologii produkcji biodiesla, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rzepaku, jako surowca o dotychczas dominującym znaczeniu w UE.

EN

Paper presented actual and increasing importance of the fuels for diesel engines in transport (liquid) fuel balance of the EU; the role and share of biodiesel fuel production from biomass were also described. Introduced actually changes in legal regulations being in force in the EU and USA, significantly limiting diesel production with the use of hitherto applied technologies, were characterized. The results of analyses were given, as concerning the effect of spatial (ILUC) and environmental changes on the crops being till now basic raw materials to generate diesel by transesterification methods. Usability of actual raw materials to diesel production considering three substrate generations, were discussed and evaluated. The effect of regulations being introduced on the commercial difficulties with biodiesel, as well as with the raw materials and substrates to its production, were indicated. Restrictions in utilization of other desirable substrates - the animal fats and micro-algae - as well as impediments resulted from different interpretation of regulations on the use of sewage sludge as biomass - were described. The status and prospects for hitherto existing and the future technologies of biodiesel production were presented, with particular attention put on the oilseed rape as a raw material of dominating, until now, importance in the EU.