Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Site-specific efficient management of soil resources using GIS and BIM technologies

Borkowski Andrzej Szymon, Bielska Anna, Kwiatkowska-Malina Jolanta

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2024

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Vol. 117

89--98

EN

The spatial data sets of soil resources are essential for the interpretation of the site-specific ecosystems, not only concerning process investigations, but also for sustainable soil management The objective of the study was to attempt identification of the primary parameters influencing the rational management of soils available without the necessity of carrying out time-consuming and costly field and laboratory research. The research was carried out in the Pawłów commune (north-eastern part of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland). The research included the application of different methods and interpretation of source materials, including (i) digital soil-agricultural map, (ii) annex to the soil-agricultural map at a scale of 1:5000, (iii) soil quality contours, (iv) digital terrain model, and (v) orthophotomaps. Obtaining data concerning soil type and/or agricultural usefulness complexes would require conducting a generalisation process. Publicly available ortophotomaps and cartographic materials in the form of topographic maps and a numerical terrain model were analysed to determine the extent of soils to be protected. The rational management of space and soil resources can be visualised and documented using BIM technology; however, relying on GIS data is not the most straightforward task due to the lack of integration on the BIM-GIS line. This paper presents the current state of the art and attempts to address selected problems in this area.

2

Underwater landscapes of Lake Wielki Staw in the Karkonosze Mountains - the only high-mountain lobelia lake in Poland

Dynowski Piotr, Źróbek-Sokolnik Anna, Źróbek-Różańska Alina

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

65--70

EN

The implementation of the sustainable development objectives, requires additional knowledge about underwater landscapes of inland reservoirs. In this article, we assumed that (1) underwater landscapes of lakes are shaped mainly by the type of substrate and the assemblages of flora and fauna inhabiting a given reservoir; (2) vegetation is one of the most important elements of underwater landscapes, which dynamically reacts to environmental changes. This article presents the results of a study on the underwater landscapes of Lake Wielki Staw in the Karkonosze Mountains. Thirteen types of underwater landscapes were distinguished in the lake based on underwater inventory and spatial analysis using ArcGIS 10.7 software. The level of changes that occurred in the underwater landscape studied was determined using the underwater landscape structure maps for 2005, 2011, 2017, and 2021. In addition, the landscape change index (LCI) for Lake Wielki Staw was determined for 2005-2011, 2011-2017, and 2017-2021. The results obtained indicate that underwater landscapes in lakes, similarly to terrestrial landscapes, are dynamic and subject to changes. In the case of Lake Wielki Staw, the changes in the range of Isoëtes lacustris communities in individual parts of the lake limited the differences in the area of all types of underwater landscapes distinguished. This allows us to use underwater vegetation inhabiting a given reservoir as an indicator of changes in underwater landscapes.

3

Wielokryterialna ocena czynników wpływających na zmniejszanie retencji w zlewni zbiornika Sulejów – wdrożenie autorskiej metodyki

Pieron Łukasz, Absalon Damian, Matysik Magdalena

Gospodarka Wodna

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2024

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Nr 5

2--7

PL

Rolą analiz wielokryterialnych jest wybranie i sprawdzenie elementów mających potencjalny wpływ na dane zjawisko i wskazanie spośród nich jednego najistotniejszego lub grupy dominującej. Tego typu rozwiązanie zastosowano również w przypadku oceny czynników wpływających na zmniejszenie retencji na obszarze zlewni zbiornika Sulejów. W artykule uwzględniono następujące komponenty środowiska przyrodniczego i działalności człowieka: sieć rzeczną, zabudowę hydrotechniczną, użytkowanie ziemi oraz spadki terenu. W badaniach wykorzystano autorską metodykę badań wielokryterialnych z użyciem analiz geoprzestrzennych (w narzędziach GIS), opierając się na zastosowanych siatkach pól podstawowych (w formie heksagonów). Dzięki temu zhierarchizowano zlewnie zbiornika Sulejów pod względem obszarów o najlepszych i najgorszych parametrach w kontekście dostawy rumowiska wpływającego na zmniejszenie pojemności retencyjnej, a także wskazano sieć rzeczną i użytkowanie terenu jako kluczowe czynniki w tym aspekcie.

EN

The role of multi-criteria analyses is to select and verify elements that can potentially affect a given phenomenon and indicate the most important or dominant group among them. This solution was also used to assess factors influencing the reduction of retention capacity in the Sulejów reservoir catchment area. The following components of the natural environment and human activity were taken into account in the article: river network, hydraulic development, land use, and terrain slopes. The research used an original multi-criteria methodology using geospatial analyzes (GIS) based on a grid of basic fields (hexagons). This made it possible to rate the Sulejów reservoir catchment basin in terms of areas with the best and worst parameters in the context of the supply of sediment affecting the reduction of storage capacity, with the river network and land use identified as key factors.

4

The development of flood zones

Szewczyk Robert

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2024

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no. 2

153--162

EN

As cities develop, more and more areas are occupied by buildings and transportation infrastructure. It is only natural that urban development requires the creation of recreational infrastructure for city residents. Recreational infrastructure is essential for the proper functioning of city dwellers. Providing land for such infrastructure falls under the responsibility of local authorities. However, acquiring such land in large cities is very expensive. Therefore, areas with development restrictions become a natural space for recreational facilities. For this reason, the use of river valleys has been studied. These areas are currently used as floodplains in case of floods. The presented analyses were carried out for the city of Sandomierz. It is one of the oldest cities in Poland. The unique character of this city attracts many tourists each year. Most tourist attractions are located near the Old Town. The Old Town of Sandomierz is situated on the banks of the Vistula River. The Vistula River is the largest river in Poland. During floods it swells and the water overflows its bed. in order to protect residents from flooding, flood zones are designated, and flood embankments are constructed. Floodplains in this area occupy a significant part of the city. The research involved both geospatial and legal documentation analyses of this area. The paper proposes alternative ways of using these areas, taking into account the interests of city residents, municipal authorities, the natural environment, and institutions dealing with flood protection.

5

Multidisciplinary evaluation of geological, geotechnical, geomechanical, and hydrogeological parameters for assessing slope stability in the Aures Mountain Quarry

Mouerri Abdeldjalil, Hadji Riheb, Zahri Farid, Hamed Younes, Serhane Brahmi

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2024

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no. 2

195--216

EN

The study delves into characterizing the mechanical parameters of the Tahar Louchene aggregate quarry unit in Ain Touta municipality, Batna province, Algeria. This investigation is crucial to address recurring instabilities commonly encountered in open-cast mines. Our approach adopts a comprehensive methodology integrating geotechnical, geomechanical, and numerical analyses, aiming to provide a thorough assessment of fractured rock mass behavior. Our methodology begins with detailed geological surveys aimed at optimal drilling site selection. Geomechanical analysis follows, focusing on fracturing and evaluating rock mass quality, complemented by geotechnical investigations featuring in-situ testing. To gather representative samples, we extracted eighteen cylindrical cores (102 mm × 204 mm) from various benches using a mechanical coring drill. These cores underwent rigorous physical characterization, geochemical analysis, and mechanical testing. Furthermore, 3D FEM numerical modeling was applied to comprehensively assess rock edge stability. The outcomes of our study unveil the presence of four distinct discontinuity sets within the primary formations, with particular emphasis on fault families of geological significance influencing deposit configuration. These fault structures provide valuable insights into stress history and tectonic evolution that directly impact the stability of the quarry. Moreover, our analysis identified various failure types, notably exacerbated by blasting practices that reduce safety factor values, highlighting the critical need for improved safety protocols. Our approach not only contributes to enhancing mining efficiency and productivity but also prioritizes the safety of equipment and personnel in open-cast mining operations across Algeria.

6

Mass Movements Analysis along a Road Segment (Batushë-Rrasa e Kosharës) in an Alpine Region in Kosovo

Neziri Fjolla, Bytyqi Valbon

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

302--310

EN

The article represents a contribution to the assessment of slope processes, with special emphasis on landslides, rockfalls, and creeps along the road sector Batushë-Rrasa e Kosharës (municipality of Gjakova) in Kosova. The analysis of natural factors, as well as their role in triggering and evolving slope processes, was conducted by observing the processes in the field and, with a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the natural factors (geology, tectonics, climate, vegetation) as well as the role of humans. By using GIS/RS techniques, the causes and features of processes were identified and presented with various illustrations and maps, assessing the potential risk in the future with the aim of proper management, considering the movement of citizens, and preserving the road infrastructure in a segment with historical and touristic values. The slopes with a 35–40° gradient are more prone to landslides, while the presence of unconsolidated rocks and fractured limestone has accelerated slope destabilization and rock mass movements. Slope stability techniques should be implemented in order to keep the road open for future visitors to historical sites.

7

Assessment of Large River Basin Approaching GIS and Computation of Simulation Techniques Using Latest Software

Patil Gauri, Kherde Rajesh

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

360--368

EN

Advancements in computer techniques with a geographic information system (GIS) interface have greatly contributed to simulating river basins with a reasonable level of accuracy. It becomes possible to analyze and model various aspects of a river basin, such as water flow, land use, and hydrological processes. Water is essential for sustaining life. Previous studies revealed that effective watershed management requires an understanding of the impact of rainfall in the catchment area, but due to poorly gauged river basin, it becomes difficult to predict the hydrological response. In this context, hydrologic engineering centre – hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) model is used to simulate surface runoff in different watersheds. The study simulated the Wainganga river basin, geographically located between longitude 78°0’–80°45’ E and latitudes 19°41’–22°50’ N. The model utilizes eighteen year data for rainfall extracted from Indian Meteorological Department with 0.25×0.25 grid. Similarly, evapotranspiration and observed discharge were extracted from India water resource information system. Shuttle radar topography mission dataset with digital elevation model of 30×30 m spatial resolution, extracted from United States of Geological Survey was an input to HEC-HMS 4.10. Different approaches with changing parameters were implemented for suitable simulation. SCS curve number method with Muskingum routing was implemented for study. The purpose of study was to compare the calculated and observed discharge as well as test model performance. Nash efficiency coefficients (NSE) were used for testing performance. The results show a satisfactory performance with NSE above 0.7 for basin. The description outlines, model can be used for assessing the behavior of large river basin.

8

Research and applications of artificial neural networks in spatial analysis: Review

Garczyńska Ilona

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2023

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nr 74 (146)

35--45

EN

The conducted review presents the possibility of using artificial neural networks in sectors related to environmental protection, agriculture, forestry, land uses, groundwater and bathymetric. Today there is a lot of research in these areas with different research methodologies. The result is the improvement of decision-making processes, design, and prediction of certain events that, with appropriate intervention, can prevent severe consequences for society. The review shows the capabilities to optimize and automate the processes of modeling urban and land dynamics. It examines the forecasts of assessment of the damage caused by natural phenomena. Detection of environmental changes via the analysis of certain time intervals and classification of objects on the basis of different images is presented. The practical aspects of this work include the ability to choose the correct artificial neural network model depending on the complexity of the problem. This factor is a novel element since previously reviewed articles did not encounter a study of the correlation between the chosen model or algorithm, depending on the use case or area of the problem. This article seeks to outline the reason for the interest in artificial intelligence. Its purpose is to find answers to the following questions: How can artificial neural networks be used for spatial analysis? What does the implementation of detailed algorithms depend on? It is proved that an artificial intelligence approach can be an effective and powerful tool in various domains where spatial aspects are important.

9

Identifying the impact of generalization on maps of erosion dissection at different scales

Hodzinska Iryna, Hutsul Taras, Kazimir Ivan

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2023

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Vol. 115

1--8

EN

The issue of building thematic maps of erosion dissection, despite its wide demand in various fields of human activity (construction of hydraulic structures, transport and housing construction, agriculture), still has no clear rules and instructions, which causes different perceptions of the obtained mapping results by specialists. The purpose of the study is to experimentallyn identify the change in the index of erosive dissection depending on the scale of the initial data, the size of the cell, the method of constructing the thematic map, etc. The methods used in this research are the method of mathematical statistics, GIS mapping and modelling, spatial analysis, and change detection. For each of the selected methods of thematic mapping, we compiled the cartograms that allow the visual tracking of changes in the elements of the erosion network depending on the geometric characteristics of the scale and cell size. The dimensions and characteristics with optimal results were substantiated. The main feature of erosional dissection mapping of any territory is to detect the negative relief or concave upward forms. The result is a visual perception accompanied by the addition of numerical values. Estimation of erosion dissection by these methods was used in the construction of a thematic map of the foothill territory with a relatively homogeneous relief pattern. It should be noted that the change in the morphometric index happens simultaneously with the change in orographic features. Therefore, for areas with different forms of relief, the combination or use of only one of the above methods allows identifying the optimal and most accurate one among them. The use of well-established methods will facilitate the study of foothill plains or mountainous areas and will allow expanding the scope of the use of thematic maps for applied purposes and forecasting.

10

Emisja zanieczyszczeń w strukturze miejskiej. Model aktualnych wyzwań proekologicznych i energooszczędnych w dostosowaniu miast do zmian klimatycznych

Skiba Marta, Bazan-Krzywoszańska Anna, Stępińska-Kaczmarczyk Agata

PUA Przestrzeń Urbanistyka Architektura

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2023

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Vol. 1

114--125

PL

Na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych analiz można stwierdzić, że miejsca, do których (z zewnątrz) przepływa najwięcej azotu, wraz z różnymi produktami potrzebnymi do utrzymania funkcji miejskich, są również największymi emiterami zanieczyszczeń azotowych. Oprócz azotu miejsca te emitują również największą ilość gazów cieplarnianych oraz tych ze spalania węglowodorów. Na podstawie przedstawionego w artykule modelu obiegu azotu w mieście Zielona Góra można przygotować politykę zmniejszającą emisję zanieczyszczeń spowodowanych tradycyjnie rozwijającą się gospodarką, która ma wpływ na negatywne zmiany klimatyczne. Proponowane zmiany w polityce miejskiej powinny przeciwdziałać w miejscach największej emisji zanieczyszczeń oraz zmierzać do osiągnięcia gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym.

EN

Based on the results of the analyzes carried out, it can be concluded that the places to which the most nitrogen flows (from the outside), together with various products needed to maintain urban functions, are also the largest emitters of nitrogen pollutants. In addition to nitrogen, these places also emit the largest amount of greenhouse gases and those from the combustion of hydrocarbons. Based on the model of the nitrogen cycle in the city of Zielona Góra presented in the article, a policy can be prepared to reduce the emission of pollutants caused by the traditionally developing economy, which has an impact on negative climate changes. The proposed changes in urban policy should counteract in places of the greatest emission of pollutants and aim at achieving a circular economy.

11

Spatial distribution prediction for the ground water quality in Mosul City (Iraq) using variogram equations

Al-Tamir Mus'ab A., Ibrahim Abdullah

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2023

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Vol. 32, No. 2

186--197

EN

The GIS-aided spatial interpolation was applied on collected groundwater data to predict selected parameters (i.e., pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature) for the selected water wells distributed over Mosul City in Iraq. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on collected samples to explore the statistical indices. The skewness test was also employed to test the distribution of data sets around their mean values. The natural logarithms function achieved least skewness values and thus was applied to transfer data sets in order to adjust normality of the data sets distribution. Among all applied semivariogram models, the J-Bessel semivariogram model was optimal in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) values. The average standard errors were 0.2217, 740.5, and 1.209 for pH, EC, and temperature, respectively.

12

Implementing GIS and linear regression models to investigate partial building failures

Merza Alaa Nuri, Raheem Aram Mohammed, Naser Ibrahim Jalal, Ibrahim Mohammed Omar, Omar Najat Qader

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2023

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Vol. 32, No. 4

338--356

EN

One of the most dangerous field problems in the civil engineering discipline is the suddenly developed cracks in the building, which could be caused by the swelling of the subsurface soil. Thus, this work has focused on employing a procedure in the geographic information system known as the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique, to analyze the extent of cracks in a residential complex in the city of Kirkuk in Iraq using the physical and chemical soil data for seven boreholes from the field of the study. Physical soil parameters such as liquid limit (LL), gravel, sand, silt and clay percentages were characterized first, followed by chemical properties such as gypsum content (GYP), total suspended solids (TSS), potential of hydrogen (pH), and organic content (ORG). Furthermore, statistical studies such as plasticity index (PI) and soil characteristics association, linear single, and various linear multi-regression models were used. The data analysis shows that there are significantly positive and negative relationships between PI as a swelling indicator and the physical and chemical soil properties, although weak to moderate correlations were observed between PI and these variables. The PI values were accurately predicted by the proposed linear multi-regression models of the physical and integrated physical and chemical soil characteristics, with multiple R values of 0.92 for both models. As a result, the suggested statistical models can provide complete geographic and mechanical explanations for the crack sources in the investigated residential complex.

13

SEWiK & GIS, czyli czarne mapy dróg i niepokojące wnioski

Maciąg Michał, Maciąg Klaudia, Słowik Agnieszka, Leń Przemysław

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2023

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R. 95, nr 12

23--26

PL

Statystyki dotyczące liczby wypadków drogowych oraz rozmiaru ich skutków stanowią nieodłączny element medialnych przekazów, podsumowujących rok kalendarzowy, sezon urlopowy lub okres świąteczny. Wieloletnie obserwacje specyfiki zdarzeń drogowych mogą być przedmiotem szczegółowych analiz organów administracji publicznej, prowadzonych celem opracowania kierunków działań na rzecz poprawy bezpieczeństwa komunikacji. Szczególnie istotnych wniosków mogą dostarczyć analizy przestrzenne. Niniejsza publikacja przedstawia autorskie rozwiązanie, zapewniające możliwość sprawnego mapowania zdarzeń drogowych wraz z delimitacją szczególnie niebezpiecznych dróg oraz automatyczną lokalizacją tzw. „czarnych punktów”, charakteryzujących się wysoką liczbą wypadków na stosunkowo krótkim odcinku trasy. W analizie wykorzystano udostępnione nieodpłatnie dane Systemu Ewidencji Wypadków i Kolizji. W rezultacie podjętych działań utworzono pilotażowe opracowanie, opisujące rozkład przestrzenny wypadków drogowych ze skutkiem śmiertelnym dla obszaru miasta Lublin.

EN

Statistics concerning the number of the road accidents and the extent of their consequences are the integral element of the media reports, summarizing e.g. a year or a holiday season. The long-term observation of the road accidents characteristics may be the subject of the detailed analyses, carried out by the local authorities to develop the methods of improving the transport safety. The particularly useful conclusions may be obtained using the spatial analyses. This paper describes an authors’ own solution, providing the possibility of an efficient mapping of road accidents with a delimitation of the particularly dangerous roads and an automatic identification of the “black spots”, characterized by a high number of the accidents on a relatively short distance. The analysis used free data from the System of Accidents and Collisions Register. As a result of the research carried out, a pilot study of the fatal road accidents on the area of Lublin city has been developed.

14

Ekologia narzędzi BIM - georeferencja modeli obiektów budowlanych z wykorzystaniem CDE

Borkowski Andrzej Szymon

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 11-12

158--162

PL

Projektanci w procesie BIM korzystają z szerokiego wachlarza dostępnych aplikacji, które spełniają ich konkretne potrzeby. Interoperacyjność BIM daje możliwość wykorzystania wielu rozwiązań, które współpracują ze sobą w mniejszym lub większym stopniu. Projektanci w tym celu korzystają z tzw. „ekologii narzędzi” w celu znalezienia najbardziej dogodnego sposobu łączenia często odrębnych procesów. W artykule przedstawiono studium przypadku wybranego modelu BIM, stosując szereg narzędzi cyfrowych, zintegrowano model BIM z danymi GIS. Przedstawiony schemat postępowania może zostać zastosowany w dowolnym innym przypadku dzięki zastosowaniu otwartego standardu IFC.

EN

Designers in the BIM process use a wide range of available applications to meet their specific needs. The interoperability of BIM provides the opportunity to use multiple solutions that work together to a greater or lesser extent. To this end, designers use the so-called ‘ecology of tools’ to find the most convenient way to combine often separate processes. This paper presents a case study of a selected BIM model, using a range of digital tools to integrate the BIM model with GIS data. The workflow presented can be applied to any other case study by using the open standard IFC.

15

Methodology for creating dynamic emergency vehicle availability maps

Lupa Michał, Naziemiec Weronika, Adamek Katarzyna, Zawadzki Mateusz

Polish Cartographical Review

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2023

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Vol. 55, No. 1

24--37

EN

One of the main priorities of emergency services is to minimize the response time to calls. In the process of proper allocation of emergency vehicles, maps of emergency vehicle accessibility are found to be helpful. These maps represent areas within which emergency services can reach the specified location within a certain time. Calculating travel times requires taking into account the rapidly changing current road conditions. This paper presents a method for dynamically generating maps of emergency vehicle accessibility, considering network models and irregular computational grids.

16

Spatio-temporal structure of natural and anthropogenic land use in a semi-arid watershed: Northwest Algeria

Melalih Ahmed

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

110--119

EN

The objective of this study is to map through multisource data, the change in land use structure and quantify its evolution around the semi-arid watershed of Wadi Sarno of Sidi Bel Abbès between 2000 and 2021. To this end, satellite images of 2000 and 2021 have been exploited by remote sensing and GIS, as well as field surveys for verification and validation of the results obtained. The methodology is based on supervised classification by maximum likelihood from the processing of satellite images. The analysis of the dynamics of land use shows that the areas of natural formations (dense forest and bare land) have decreased from 17,560 ha to 15,516 ha, that is to say, a regression of 8.04%, while the anthropised formations (Agriculture, open forest and rangeland, built-up areas, water bodies) have experienced an increase in their surface area, they have gone from 7901 ha to 9945 ha, that is to say, 10.4% of the total surface area of the basin. In the light of these results, it is possible to define priority areas for restoring degraded zones and enhancing natural formations. by giving priority to perennial crops to fix the soil in place and benefit from additional income for the region's farmers. By planting hardy species such as olives, figs, almonds, carob trees and so on. These species have proven their effectiveness and adaptation to local soil and climate conditions.

17

GIS and geodata contribution to the cartographic modelling of blue-green infrastructure in urbanised areas

Czyża Szymon, Kowalczyk Anna M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

183--194

EN

The development of cities and peri-urban areas is exerting an increasingly strong impact on the natural environment and, at the same time, on the living conditions and health of people. Problems and challenges that need to be addressed include increasing air pollution in these areas, formation of a surface urban heat island (SUHI), water management disruptions (water scarcity or excess), and the destruction of natural habitats. One of the solutions that contributes to climate change mitigation is the introduction of blue-green infrastructure into the city space and urbanised areas. The research objective was to identify spatial features (geodata) that determine the optimum location of selected blue-green infrastructure (BGI) components, acquire them, and then use the Geographical Information System (GIS) to determine their optimum locations. As the first step, cartographic models were developed which indicated areas that enable the development of selected blue-green infrastructure components in the Olsztyn city area, Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province, Poland. The models were juxtaposed with other two models developed by the authors, i.e. a surface urban heat island model and a demographic model that showed the age structure of the city’s population. Consequently, maps with potential locations for the blue-green infrastructure were developed, while taking into account reference data from the National Land Surveying and Cartographic Resource and Landsat 8 images. Keywords: blue-green infrastructure, drainage system, GIS, Landsat 8 images, map, reference databases, retention, spatial analysis

18

Remote sensing and GIS based approach to evaluate the impact of stone quarrying and crushing activities on land resources

Chaurasia R. S., Mohapatra S. N.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2023

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Vol. 22. iss. 4

257--267

EN

The land is one of the most treasures to support life, like food, fibre, medicine, and minerals, etc. Stone quarrying is one of the key elements which supports socio-economic development and industrial expansion. RS and GIS play an important role in environmental assessment to monitor the stone quarries and related activities for time to time. The present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of stone quarrying and crushing activities (SQCA) on land resources. Therefore, matrix change analysis of 2021, 2015, 2008 and 2003 were used for change detection. High-resolution Google Earth Pro images were used for the assessment of spatial as well as temporal changes caused by stone quarries and associated activities, which result in land use/land cover changes. The results show that the temporal changes in and around the quarrying sites over 18 years have contributed to dynamic changes in land use/land cover. According to the study, damaging mining operations have grown in the area. SQCA are mostly carried out on agricultural land as well as wasteland, which decreases about 18.44% and 59.89% during the study period. Abandoned pits left without reclamation converted to derelict ponds degrading the landscape and becoming dangerous for humans and the ecosystem.

19

Runoff Estimation for the Central Region of the Lesser Zab River Watershed Using the SCS-Curve Number Method and GIS

Salman Qasim Mohammed Khudair, Hamdan Ahmed Naseh Ahmed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 9

232--245

EN

This study aimed to develop a hydrologic model for the central region (central catchments) located between Dokan and Al-Dibis dams in the Lesser Zab River (LZR) watershed, in Iraq. The hydrologic structure of the study area was prepared based on the DEM layer with 12.5 m spatial resolution by using the GIS environment, and then the HEC-HMS software was used for simulating the main hydrological processes like the infiltration losses, transformation, channel routing, and the baseflow contribution by using the SCS-CN, SCS-UH, Muskingum, and the Recession methods respectively. The corrections of the CN parameter due to the effects of the slope and initial abstraction were used and the resulting CN values for the entire LZR watershed were ranging from 56 to 100. This study concluded the effectivity of using the GIS environment and HEC-HMS software in the continuous rainfall-runoff modelling and achieved very good performance with R2 and NSE criteria of 0.9115 and 0.9 under the calibration phase, while 0.925 and 0.91 values were achieved for the same criteria under the validation phase respectively, also the CN was the most sensitive parameter in the proposed hydrologic model.

20

Implementation of the Quality and Creating GIS Maps for Groundwater in Babylon, Iraq

Al Mousawi Eman, Jahad Udai A., Mahmoud Ammar Shaker, Chabuk Ali, Naje Ahmed Samir, Al-Ansari Nadhir, Laue Jan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

310--321

EN

In times of water scarcity, groundwater is a vital resource that provides an alternate source of water for human consumption. In Iraq, the quality of rivers has been greatly affected by climate change and the dwindling availability of surface water. Examining and classifying the groundwater in this region is now vital. The present study sought to incorporate the groundwater property data (drinking purpose) with a geographic information system (GIS). Eleven variables were measured in 25 wells to investigate the physio-chemical properties around the Babylon province of Iraq. On the basis of the acceptability of groundwater for drinking, GWQI was categorized into four primary groups in the results. Approximately 28% of the twenty-five wells (1811.04 km2) are of excellent quality, 24% are of good quality (1552.3 km2), 44% are of low quality (2845.9 km2), and 4% are extremely contaminated (2587.2 km2). The average GWQI for the entire study region was 110.7, making it inappropriate for human consumption. It has been determined that approximately 52% of the groundwater from the examined wells can be deemed safe for consumption, although certain measurements surpass the permissible limits. To guarantee that the residents in these areas are supplied with water of superior quality and safety, treatment of the tested groundwater is recommended before use.