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1

Rozwój niskoemisyjnej energetyki wodorowej w przemyśle energetycznym Egiptu z uwzględnieniem znaczenia kolei dla zmian w procesie dywersyfikacji źródeł pozyskiwania energii

Chmielarz Patryk, Beroud Alan

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2023

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R. 78, nr 6/7/8

63--70

PL

Artykuł koncentruje się na analizie jednej z kluczowych dla systemu energetycznego gałęzi jaką jest energia ze źródeł odnawialnych. Autorzy skoncentrowali się na rozważaniach obejmujących egipski sektor energetyczny. Przedstawiono możliwości i ograniczenia egipskiego sektora energetycznego w segmencie energii odnawialnej. Uwaga autorów publikacji została zogniskowana na korzyściach jakie mogą przynieść podpisane przez Egipt umowy o współpracy w aspekcie energetyki wodorowej. Przedstawiono zalety przyjętych rozwiązań w stosunku do kosztów energetyki wodorowej jako istotnej, lecz akceptowalnej wady podjęcia środków sprzyjających zwiększeniu udziału odnawialnych źródeł energii w Egipcie. Dokonano analizy kosztów na przykładach, w oparciu o przewidywania rynkowe. W artykule uwzględniono stałość definiowaną jako trwającą już dwie dekady stabilizację egipskiego sektora energetycznego, co przekłada się na reali- zację przyjętych planów oraz założeń przez to państwo.

EN

The article focuses on the analysis of one of the key area of the energy system, which is energy from renewable sources. The authors focused on considerations covering the Egyptian energy sector. Possibilities and limitations of the Egyptian energy sector in the renewable energy segment were presented. The attention has been put on the benefits that may occur from the cooperation agreements signed by Egypt in field of hydrogen based energy. The advantages of the solutions taken in opposition to the costs of hydrogen energy were presented as a significant but acceptable disadvantage in terms of the need to take measures to increase the share of renewable energy sources in Egypt. Cost analysis was performed on examples, based on market forecasts. The article takes into account the stability defined as the two decades long stabilization of the Egyptian energy sector, which translates into the implementation of the adopted plans and assumptions by this country.

2

Before implementing carbon taxes in developing countries: Egypt as a case study

El-Shennawy Tarek Ibrahim, Abdallah Lamiaa

Polityka Energetyczna

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2023

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T. 26, z. 3

81--100

EN

Carbon taxing is an efficient instrument that is implemented by several countries to reduce CO2 emissions. Taxed products and services that result in emitting CO2 in their processes will be replaced by more sustainable alternatives. Carbon taxing is associated with concerns about high energy prices that can negatively affect households and businesses. Egypt, one of the low middle-income developing countries, depends on fossil fuels to supply more than 93% of its total energy supply. In this paper, an analysis is carried out to assess the effects of a suggested carbon tax on the major carbon emitting sectors; power generation, transport and industry. The results show that the power generation sector can absorb and benefit from a suggested tax at a rate of USD 5 per ton of emitted CO2. The transport sector, which relies heavily on subsidized liquid fuels, needs an urgent reform program to remove these subsidies, which costs the country about 10 billion USD annually, and after that, the carbon tax can be introduced. The industry sector may be affected negatively by the suggested tax, due to competitiveness with non-taxed imported products. On the other hand, this tax can help this sector to be prepared to compete when exporting its products to foreign markets that apply carbon taxes. In conclusion, developing countries like Egypt need a well-planned carbon tax program that can make revenues, remove subsidies, and prepare local industries for fair competitiveness in the global market.

PL

Opodatkowanie emisji dwutlenku węgla jest skutecznym instrumentem wdrażanym przez kilka krajów w celu ograniczenia emisji CO2. Opodatkowane produkty i usługi, które prowadzą do emisji CO2 w swoich działaniach, zostaną zastąpione bardziej zrównoważonymi alternatywami. Opodatkowanie emisji dwutlenku węgla wiąże się z obawami o wysokie ceny energii, które mogą mieć negatywny wpływ na gospodarstwa domowe i przedsiębiorstwa. Egipt, jeden z krajów rozwijających się o niskim średnim dochodzie, jest uzależniony od paliw kopalnych, które dostarczają ponad 93% całkowitej energii. W niniejszym artykule przeprowadzono analizę mającą na celu ocenę wpływu proponowanego podatku węglowego na główne sektory emitujące dwutlenek węgla: energetykę, transport i przemysł. Sektor transportu, który w dużej mierze opiera się na subsydiowanych paliwach płynnych, wymaga pilnego programu reform w celu usunięcia tych dotacji, co kosztuje kraj około 10 mld USD rocznie, a następnie można wprowadzić podatek węglowy. Sugerowany podatek może mieć negatywny wpływ na sektor przemysłowy ze względu na konkurencyjność w stosunku do nieopodatkowanych produktów importowanych. Z drugiej strony, podatek ten może pomóc temu sektorowi przygotować się do konkurowania przy eksporcie swoich produktów na rynki zagraniczne, które stosują podatki węglowe. Podsumowując, kraje rozwijające się, takie jak Egipt, potrzebują dobrze zaplanowanego programu podatku węglowego, który może generować przychody, usuwać subsydia i przygotowywać lokalne branże do uczciwej konkurencyjności na rynku globalnym.

3

Britholite-(Ce) from the metaluminous granite of SW Egypt

Hassan Kamaleldin M.

Mineralogia

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2023

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Vol. 54, iss. 1

11--17

EN

Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses were used to characterize britholite-(Ce) of the metaluminous granite (Proterozoic) intruded into the Nubian Formation in southwestern Egypt and having a relatively high content of radioactive elements (potassium = 4.4 wt%, thorium = 52 ppm, uranium = 10 ppm). The britholite-(Ce) studied here incorporates light rare earth elements (LREE) including lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium as well as thorium. The mineral forms as tabular crystals in a fine-grained quartz-K-feldspar-plagioclase matrix, coexisting with other accessory minerals including biotite, zircon, clinochlore, titanite, and magnetite. Primary britholite-(Ce) usually includes titanite, zircon, and magnetite and is occasionally included in biotite. The inclusion of britholite-(Ce) in biotite suggests that the two minerals crystallized approximately coevally. Petrographical and SEM-EDS data indicate breakdown of the primary magmatic britholite-(Ce) in the samples. This study constitutes the first report for a sole presence of britholite-(Ce) as LREE phase in metaluminous granite samples from Egypt.

4

Integrated microfacies, macrobenthos and trace-fossil analysis of the lower‒middle Miocene succession of Gebel Gharra, Cairo-Suez District, Egypt

Mandor Mona, El Hedeny Magdy, El-Sabbagh Ahmed, Nagm Emad, Abdelaal Abdelaal, Rashwan Mohamed, Mansour Heba

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2023

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Vol. 93, No. 4

381--409

EN

The palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of the lower–middle Miocene succession in Gebel Gharra, NW of Suez, Egypt, are interpreted, on the basis of a detailed study of microfacies, trace fossils, and macrofaunal benthic assemblages. This succession consists of a lower siliciclastic part (the Gharra Formation) and a carbonate-dominated upper part (the Geniefa Formation), corresponding to a general transgression-regression cycle. Facies characteristics indicate depositional palaeoenvironments, ranging from supratidal, lagoonal, to shoal settings on an inner ramp that was influenced proximally by clastic input. At least seven ichnotaxa were recorded in the lower Miocene Gharra Formation, representing suites of the Skolithos ichnofacies. Among them, the ichnogenus Polykladichnus is recorded for the first time in Egypt. The macrobenthic taxa identified in 13 statistical samples are grouped into five assemblages (A–E) that are described and interpreted as the remains of communities. The faunal distribution and trophic structure of most of these assemblages confirm the existence of relatively stable and low-stress conditions. However, the trophic structure of the assemblages reflects the influence of particular environmental parameters, the dissolution of aragonitic shells and/or sample-size effects. Environmental parameters, controlling the distribution of trace and/or body fossils, include substrate consistency, bathymetry, water energy, productivity level, rate of sedimentation, salinity, and oxygen availability. The results of integrated lithoand biofacies analysis confirm that the succession studied was deposited in different environmental settings, providing perfect conditions for the occurrence and preservation of trace-fossil and macrobenthos assemblages.

5

Aerodynamic investigation on the artefact “bird of Saqqara”

Zierow Michel, Lesemann Leon

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 3

405--409

EN

Lost, technical knowledge of ancient cultures is being rediscovered in modern times during archaeological excavations. A presumed example of the innovative power of ancient cultures is the artefact “Bird of Saqqara”. In the context of this paper, the aerodynamic characteristics of the artefact are to be determined by a computational fluid simulation, in order to be able to make a statement about the actual flight suitability and to examine the theses of the pre-astronautics critically. Based on a 3D scan, a CAD model of the artefact is created and then a numerical flow simulation is performed. By varying the angle of attack, the dimensionless coefficients can be represented in corresponding polars. The results show that the artefact has a low maximum glide ratio and thus the glide properties are not sufficient for use as a handglider. The centre of gravity of the artefact is located at the trailing edge of the wing and behind the neutral point. The resulting longitudinal stability does not meet modern specifications. Asymmetric lift distribution in the spanwise direction results in uncontrolled roll. Consequently, the artefact cannot fly a straight path. Within the scope of this work, the connection between the “Bird of Saqqara” and an alleged knowledge of aerodynamics in ancient Egypt could not be confirmed.

6

Distribution and ecological risk evaluation of bioavailable phosphorus in sediments of El Temsah Lake, Suez Canal

Younis Alla M., Soliman Naglaa Farag, Elkady Eman M., Mohamedein Lamiaa I.

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (2)

287--298

EN

Phosphorus reactivity and bioavailability in lake sediments is determined by diverse fractions of phosphorus (P) and their distribution. To gain deeper insights into P dynamics in Lakes, sediments from El Temsah Lake were investigated for water soluble P (WSP), readily desorbable P (RDP), algal available P (AAP) and Olsen-P using different chemical extraction methods. Total P (TP), organic P (OP), inorganic P (IP) contents, were also investigated. The TP, OP and IP concentrations in the sediments were 598.39 µg/g, 199.76 µg/g and 398.63 µg/g, correspondingly. Concentrations of the bioavailable P in the sediments followed the order AAP (48.42 µg/g)>WSP (14.60 µg/g)>RDP (1.82 µg/g)>Olsen-P (1.50 µg/g). Pearson correlation analysis exposed that there were significant correlations among the bioavailable P fractions concentrations and the TP concentrations (r=0.83; p>0.01, r=0.94; p>0.01, r=0.62; p>0.05); for WSP, AAP, and Olsen-P respectively. Moreover, there were no obvious associations amongst total P and N, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and OM in the sediments. The outcomes of phosphorus ecological risk assessment in sediments by single pollution standard index method revealed that the standard index of TP varied from 0.19 to 1.85. It demonstrated that the ecological pollution risks of phosphorus in El Temsah Lake sediments was comparatively low.

7

Enhancing the GDEMs of Egypt Using a Surface Subtraction Approach

El-Ashmawy Nagwa, Al-Krargy Essam

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 16, no. 3

57--77

EN

This paper proposes an enhancement approach to improve the accuracy of global Digital Elevation Models (GDEMs) in Egypt. The proposed approach is an empirical one that depends on subtracting the heights error from the original DEM. The research includes the evaluation and enhancement of SRTM-1 (SRTM v4.1), ASTER GDEM v2, and AW3D30 v2 GDEMs, in Egypt, using 980 well distributed GPS/levelling points, that cover the entire country. The GPS/levelling points are divided into 500 control and 390 check points. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) in the SRTM, ASTER and AW3D30 are 3.99 m, 8.81 m, and 2.98 m respectively. For enhancing purposes, two different approaches are used: a linear regression analysis approach, and the proposed empirical surface subtraction approach. The results of the linear regression analysis approach show that the accuracies are improved by 3%, 16%, and 3% for SRTM, ASTER and AW3D30 respectively. However, the accuracies are improved by 5%, 23%, and 16% for SRTM, ASTER and AW3D30 respectively when the proposed approach is followed. After using the proposed approach, the obtained accuracy of the enhanced DEM reached 2.5 m.

8

Reliability of CSRS-PPP for validating the Egyptian geodetic CORS networks

Abdallah Ashraf, Agag Tarek

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

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2022

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Vol. 57, No. 1

58--76

EN

The development, utilization, and maintenance of continuously operating reference stations (CORS) network are vital in many areas of surveying and geodesy, such as controlling geodetic networks, developing local ionospheric models, and estimating the tectonic plate movements. Accordingly, the Egyptian Surveying Authority (ESA) established a CORS network consisting of 40 stations covering the Nile valley and its delta in 2011. CORS collect global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data. Recently, Egypt has witnessed rapid growth in many infrastructure projects and the development of new cities on a national scale. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the ESA-CORS accuracy; the quality of data from the ESA-CORS must be considered for monitoring continuous tectonic motion, coordinating changes, and for Egypt’s development plan. Contemporary research worldwide identified considerable benefits of the precise point positioning (PPP) solution of dual- or singlefrequency GNSS data. This study investigates the reliability of using the CSRS-PPP service for three consecutive observation days of 32 ESA-CORS networks in Egypt and the surrounding six international GNSS services (IGS)-CORS. For ESA-CORS, the PPP solution showed a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 6 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 3–4 mm) in east and north; for the height direction, the solution indicated an RMSE value of 22 mm (SD was about 14 mm). At a confidence level of 95%, this study revealed that SD95% was 2 mm in east and north directions and 6-7 mm for the height direction. This study shows that the PPP solution shown from the ESA-CORS stations is associated with two times better for horizontal and four times for the height direction than the delivered form ESA-CORS stations.

9

The Tragedy of Smart Cities in Egypt. How the Smart City is Used towards Political and Social Ordering and Exclusion

Waisová Šárka

Applied Cybersecurity & Internet Governance

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2022

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Vol. 1, No. 1

1--10

EN

Smart cities (SCs) are a new and rising phenomenon emerging across the globe. The present article focuses on the possible impact of SCs on socio-political life and structure, and the organisation of the target society. Here, SCs are critically considered as the spaces where people live, work and vote. The aim of the present article is to discuss SCs, and the digital technologies used in SCs, as a possible instrument of social and political ordering and of social exclusion. Drawing on empirical evidence from Egypt, particularly Egypt’s new capital, the article sketches out how the smart city has been used by political and military authorities to socially and politically order and engineer society as well as ef- fectively exclude certain groups, mainly political opponents. Life in the new smart capital has a Janus face. On the one hand, inhabitants of the city have access to excellent services, modern infrastructure, first-class education and health care, and high-tech digital technol- ogies which other Egyptians do not benefit from. On the other hand, these inhabitants are under permanent control and are prisoners of the system. Living segregated, with less free- dom than any other Egyptian citizens, they are excluded from natural life in the country and cannot experience any organic development of society.

10

Study the Recycling of Red Mud in Iron Ore Sintering Process

Khalifa Ahmed Abdelazim, Bazhin Vladimir Yurievich, Kuskova Yana Vadimovna, Abdelrahim Ahmed, Ahmed Yasser Momtaz Zaki

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

191--201

EN

Red mud (RM), the by-product generated during the alumina extraction process, is considered a valuable secondary raw material, since iron (20–54%) represents its major constituent. Accordingly, the suitability of recycling this RM in the sintering process of Egyptian iron ore was studied. The effect of adding different amounts of RM to the sinter charge mixture (0–10 wt.%) on the sintering process performance as well as the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the produced sinter was investigated. The results revealed that increasing the amount of red mud in the sinter charge mixture leads to a high improvement in the strength of the produced sinter till reaching a maximum at 7% addition, which deteriorates thereafter. Meanwhile, owing to the fine nature of the red mud, increasing its contents in the sinter charge mixture leads to reduced speed of the sintering process, which consequently affects the productivity at the blast furnace yard. The sinter produced with the addition of 3% red mud shows the highest reducibility. These results indicate the suitability of recycling RM in the Egyptian iron ore sintering process with an amount not higher than 3 wt.% of the total sinter mixture charge.

11

Evolution of pro-cultural conservation legislation in the U.S., France and Egypt (comparative study)

Shehada Ziad M.M.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2020

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Nr 62

115--121

EN

Conservation of cultural heritage is significant as it provides identification and continuity for the next generations. However, the degree of interest differs from country to country. While developed countries have come a long way in this field, developing countries are still struggling to catch up with them. The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyze the evolution of pro-cultural conservation legislation in various cultural and geographic contexts. The researcher selected United States of America, France, and Egypt after reviewing different conservation movements in several countries. The selection criteria took into consideration countries that have established an advanced and mature conservation process, have wide experience in the field of heritage conservation, and possess contrasting examples in conserving the cultural heritage. The evolutionary study of these countries provides a broader and deeply understanding of the conservation legislation which will reflect appropriately on the development of the cultural heritage in the other countries.

PL

Konserwacja dziedzictwa kulturowego jest ważna i pozwala przyszłym pokoleniom na identyfikację i ciągłość. Natomiast stopień zainteresowania różni się między krajami. O ile kraje rozwinięte zaszły daleko na tym polu, o tyle kraje rozwijające się wciąż starają się za nimi nadążać. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie i przeanalizowanie ewolucji prokulturowego prawodawstwa konserwatorskiego w różnych kontekstach kulturowych i geograficznych. Badacz wybrał Stany Zjednoczone, Francję i Egipt po przeglądzie różnych ruchów konserwatorskich w wielu krajach. Kryteria wyboru brały pod uwagę kraje, które ustanowiły zaawansowany i dojrzały proces konserwatorski, posiadają szerokie doświadczenie w dziedzinie konserwacji dziedzictwa oraz prezentują kontrastujące przykłady w konserwacji dziedzictwa kulturowego. Badanie ewolucyjne tych krajów pozwala lepiej zrozumieć prawodawstwo konserwatorskie, które odpowiednio odciśnie się na rozwoju dziedzictwa kulturowego w innych państwach.

12

Impact of distributive justice on the trust climate among Middle Eastern employees

Alshaabani Ayman, Oláh Judit, Popp József, Zaien Samir

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2020

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Vol. 21, No. 1

34--47

EN

Having a positive trust climate and organizational distributive justice is essential for any organization. Many studies have found that both trust and organizational justice have a direct positive impact on organizational performance. However, the relationship between them has not been considered widely, especially in the Middle East. Therefore, the study aims to examine the relationship between organizational distributive justice and the trust climate among the employees in three Middle Eastern countries and to find out what demographic variables affect this relationship. The sample of the study consisted of 190 employees who came from three countries, namely, Syria, Egypt, and Turkey. To achieve the purpose of the study, a questionnaire of 20 items was sent online to employees. Later descriptive analysis methods and Pearson correlation were used to achieve the purposes of this study. The study found that there was a strong positive relationship between organizational distributive justice and the trust climate. Besides, there was a significant difference in organizational distributive justice when it was related to work experience. There were also statistically significant differences in trust in the supervisor, related to age; moreover, there were significant differences in trust in the organization and co-workers depending on work experience level, however, gender did not show any significant differences.

PL

Posiadanie atmosfery pozytywnego zaufania i sprawiedliwości dystrybucyjnej organizacji jest niezbędne dla każdej organizacji. Wiele badań wykazało, że zarówno zaufanie, jak i sprawiedliwość organizacyjna mają bezpośredni pozytywny wpływ na wyniki organizacji. Jednak relacje pomiędzy nimi nie były szeroko rozważane, szczególnie na Bliskim Wschodzie. Dlatego badanie ma na celu zbadanie związku między organizacyjną sprawiedliwością dystrybucyjną a atmosferą zaufania wśród pracowników w trzech krajach Bliskiego Wschodu oraz ustalenie, jakie zmienne demograficzne wpływają na ten związek. Próba badawcza obejmowała 190 pracowników pochodzących z trzech krajów, a mianowicie z Syrii, Egiptu i Turcji. Aby osiągnąć cel badania, do pracowników wysłano kwestionariusz zawierający 20 pytań. Późniejsze metody analizy opisowej i korelacja Pearsona zostały wykorzystane do osiągnięcia celów tego badania. Badanie wykazało, że istnieje silny pozytywny związek między organizacyjną sprawiedliwością dystrybucyjną a atmosferą zaufania. Poza tym istniała znacząca różnica w organizacyjnej sprawiedliwości dystrybucyjnej, gdy była ona związana z doświadczeniem zawodowym. Istniały również statystycznie istotne różnice w zaufaniu do przełożonego, związane z wiekiem; ponadto istniały znaczne różnice w zaufaniu do organizacji i współpracowników w zależności od poziomu doświadczenia zawodowego, jednak płeć nie wykazywała znaczących różnic.

13

Promoting sustainable and circular plastics use in Egipt with implementation of ecodesign principles

Obrecht Matevz, El Haddad Rawan, Abd Elbary Rowan, Kovačič-Lukman Rebeka

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2019

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Vol. 1, nr 1

441--448

EN

Green Supply chain, Green Packaging, Eco-labels, and Eco-design strategies are concepts that are discussed frequently within scientific and political debates. Eco-design strategies for Lifecycle Design include the Eco-design Strategy wheel which presents eight Eco-design strategies: New concept development, Selection of low-impact materials, Reduction of materials usage, Optimization of production techniques, Optimization of distribution system, Reduction of impact during use, Optimization of initial lifetime, and Optimization of end-of-life system. This research investigates specifically the selection of low impact raw materials phase using the European Union as a benchmark to improve the Egyptian situation and aims to apply the closed loop cycle to the Egyptian Plastics Industry. Its goal is to enlight the way towards Sustainable and Circular economy system in Plastics manufacturing sector in Egypt while emphasizing the financial benefits from the Business and Marketing perspectives rather than the Environmental perspective only.

14

Archaeological sites in the Nile Delta landscape (Egypt). Economy, law, protection

Kołodziejczyk P.

Topiarius. Studia krajobrazowe

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2018

|

Nr 6

47--62

EN

Northern Egypt was always an unusually important area for our study on the history of ancient Egyptian state. The “country of papyrus” called by Egyptians temehu, their feeder and granary, a communication centre important for contacts with Levant. Several Egyptian capitals were also located here and during the antic period the region became a centre of culture, sciences and the cradle of Coptic religion. Paradoxically, this curious area was until quite lately very poorly investigated. Even now the problems of modern Egypt related with farming activities, demographic development and industrial spread as well as with the traditional way of thinking are clearly visible in this particular important region.

15

Historia luster

Włodarczyk A.

Szkło i Ceramika

|

2018

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R. 69, nr 3

38--41

16

Framework of performance measurement practices within construction companies in Egypt

Dziekoński K., Ibrahim O. H. M. F., Mahamadu A.-M., Manu P.

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2018

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Vol. 10, no. 2

7--14

EN

The construction industry is considered as one of the most important sectors in Egypt. One of the major challenges faced by the industry, however, is the unavailability of suitable performance measurement systems for assessing companies’ performance. Modern performance assessment systems adopt a more universal approach to the measurement of construction company performance as opposed to the traditional project triangle. This paper aims to examine the practice of performance measurement in the Egyptian construction industry. Results show dominant role of in-house developed performance management systems as well as the use of KPIs as a method of performance assessment. The study further reveals that the highest importance is given to measures related to the time of project delivery, quality of works, clients’ satisfaction and profitability. Hence, the traditional project triangle of project’s success is the most prevalent approach to performance evaluation in the construction industry in Egypt. However, a shift towards a more holistic approach to performance assessment in larger companies was observed.

17

Biomineralogia zębów mumii egipskich

Pawlikowski M.

Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering

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2018

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nr 25

51--65

PL

W dotychczasowej literaturze niewiele jest wiadomości dotyczących mineralogicznych badań zębów pochodzących ze starych cmentarzysk takich jak np. groby mumii egipskich. Prezentowana publikacja uzupełnia w zakresie badań mineralogicznych wiedzę dotycząca przyżyciowych i pośmiertnych zmian w zębach ludzi Starego i Nowego Państwa Egipskiego. Ukazuje ona zjawiska zachodzące w historycznych zębach, które są zbliżone do zjawisk współczesnych. Wykonano ją na kilkunastu zębach, prezentując w publikacji jedynie wybrane, szczególnie ciekawe zjawiska.

EN

In the literature so far, there has been little information on mineralogical studies of teeth from old cemeteries, such as the tombs of Egyptian mummies. This publication adds to the knowledge in the field of mineralogical studies regarding vital and posthumous changes in the teeth of the people of Old and New Kingdom of Egypt. It shows the phenomena occurring in historical teeth, which are similar to those occuring in modern times. The research was conducted on approximately a dozen teeth, and the publication presents only selected, particularly interesting phenomena.

18

Zastosowanie algorytmów optymalizacyjnych w badaniach nad wczesnośredniowieczną urbanistyką na przykładzie Placu Targowego w Abû Mînâ (Egipt)

Kościuk J., Cichocka J.

Architectus

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2018

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Nr 1 (53)

3--20

PL

Artykuł proponuje zastosowanie algorytmów optymalizacyjnych w badaniach organicznego rozwoju wczesnośredniowiecznej osady w Abû Mînâ (Egipt). Na podstawie zrekonstruowanej liczby mieszkańców w poszczególnych zespołach zabudowy zaproponowano trzy hipotezy dotyczące ich interakcji z zespołem sklepów i warsztatów, który powstał w specyficznej lokalizacji. Wyniki analizy rzucają nowe światło na ostatnią fazę rozwoju Abû Mînâ.

EN

The paper proposes the use of optimization algorithms in research on the organic development of an early medieval settlement in Abû Mînâ (Egypt). On the basis of the reconstructed number of inhabitants in individual building complexes, three hypotheses regarding their interaction with a group of stores and workshops that was created in a specific location were proposed. The results of the analysis shed new light the last phase of on Abû Mînâ development.

19

Entobia ichnofacies from the Middle Miocene carbonate succession of the northern Western Desert of Egypt

El-Hedeny M., El-Sabbagh A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2018

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Vol. 88, No. 1

1--19

EN

A bed of Middle Miocene (Serravallian) lagoonal facies with well-developed patch reefs is described from a section at the Siwa Oasis, northern Western Desert of Egypt. It is well-exposed in the middle Siwa Escarpment Member of the Marmarica Formation and displays remarkable bioerosion structures that show abundant ichnofossils. Nine ichnotaxa, belonging to four ichnogenera, were identified: two correspond to the clionaid sponge boring Entobia (E. laquea and E. ovula), five to the bivalve boring Gastrochaenolites (G. lapidicus, G. torpedo, G. cluniformis, G. hospitium and G. cf. orbicularis) and two to the annelid-worm boring Maeandropolydora (M. sulcans) and Trypanites (T. weisei). In addition, traces of the boring polychaete worm Caulostrepsis and the boring acrothoracican barnacle Rogerella were recorded. These ichnoassemblages have been assigned to the Entobia ichnofacies. The organisms bored into a hard, fully lithified carbonate substrate in a low-energy, shallow-marine environment. The ichnotaxa associations indicate water depths of a few metres (<10 m) and a very low sedimentation rate in a lagoonal setting during a Serravallian regressive cycle.

20

Molluscs and ostracods of the Qarun Lake: preliminary report from FA-1 core in Faiyum Oasis, northern Egypt

Szymanek M.

Studia Quaternaria

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2017

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Vol. 34, Nr 1

39--45

EN

A research was conducted on the Holocene lake sediments from the full-cored FA-1 drilling at the southern shore of the Qarun Lake in the Faiyum Oasis in northern Egypt. Altogether 10 taxa of molluscs and 8 taxa of ostracods were identified in the examined deposits, with total amounts of 768 and 2872 individuals, respectively. The fauna was investigated with palaeoecological purpose and allowed for preliminary reconstruction of sedimentary environment in the lake. The occurrence of Valvata nilotica Jickeli, 1874 and Gomphocythere sp. in the lower part of the core and a low proportion of carapaces (2.4–28%) indicated freshwater and higher-energy conditions, respectively. Rapid expansion of Cyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850) at a depth of 18 m could point to very short saline episode in the lake. The increase in salinity and drop of water level were evidenced in the uppermost part of the core (4–3.5 m), when the lake was dominated by Hydrobia ventrosa (Montagu, 1803), Cerastoderma glaucum (Poiret, 1789) and C. torosa. The steady sedimentation in a shallow lake was also supported by considerable amount of complete ostracod carapaces (45%). The faunal assemblage and smooth valves of C. torosa suggested salinity of 14–25‰.