Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Rola technologii CCUS w transformacji energetycznej

Chaczykowski Maciej, Osiadacz Andrzej J.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2023

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Nr 1

2--7

PL

Technologie CCUS mogą potencjalnie odegrać kluczową rolę w transformacji energetycznej UE, mającej na celu osiągnięcie neutralności klimatycznej do 2050 roku. Istotne znaczenie w związku z tym mają działania w obszarze badań i innowacji. Tworzenie projektów CCUS na skalę przemysłową, pozwoli na zidentyfikowanie nowych problemów badawczych, które najlepiej rozwiązać poprzez prace badawczo-rozwojowe we współpracy z przemysłem.

EN

CCUS technologies have the potential to play a key role to succeed in the EU energy transition, and R&I activities are crucial. Building industrial-scale CCUS projects will identify new research objectives that can best be achieved by undertaking R&I in parallel with large-scale implementation activities in cooperation with industry partners.

2

Lockdown effect on carbon monoxide concentration over Malaysia and Indonesia

Wan Kamarudin Wan Farahiyah, Irwan Zildawarni, Yaafar Mohd Rabani, Mat Amin Abd Rahman

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2022

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Vol. 31, No. 2

124--134

EN

An increase in Indonesian forest fires has infuriated Malaysia and Indonesia, where residents are inhaling smoke from peat and trees burned hundreds of miles away. The global COVID-19 lockdowns caused carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased seen over Malaysia and Indonesia regions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the CO distribution over Malaysia and Indonesia, within the period of January 2011 to December 2021. The impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 to CO concentration over Malaysia and Indonesia also was reviewed. This study utilizes MERRA-2 dataset provided by Giovanni interface. Five areas were found to be affected the most during the study period which is Kuala Lumpur, Jambi, Riau, Palembang, and Jakarta. Carbon monoxide concentration over the studied region exhibits a strong seasonality showing maximum value in dry season (July to October). September 2019 is found to have the highest trend of CO concentration affected Jambi region. As COVID-19 pandemic hit the whole world by end of year 2019, all the studied regions shown the decreasing trend after September 2019 and no high peak was observed during dry season (July to October) in 2020 and 2021. This is the combined effect of wetter dry season and an impact of lockdown implemented by government of Malaysia and Indonesia.

3

Influence of NaCl Additive on the Reduction Process of MoO3 to Mo2C by High-Purity CO Gas

Que Biao-Hua, Wang Lu, Wang Bao, Chen Yi, Xue Zheng-Liang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 2

787--796

EN

In this work, influence of NaCl additive on the transformation process of MoO3 to Mo2C under pure CO atmosphere in the range of room temperature to 1170 K was investigated. The results showed that transformation of MoO3 to Mo2C can be roughly divided into two stages: the reduction of MoO3 to MoO2 (the first stage) and the carburization of MoO2 to Mo2C (the second stage). As to the first stage, it was found that increasing the content of NaCl (from 0 to 0.5 wt.%) was beneficial for the increase of reaction rate due to the nucleation effect; while when the content of NaCl increased to 2 wt.%, the reaction rate will be decreased in turn. As to the second stage, the results showed that reaction rate was decreased with the increase of NaCl, which may be due to the formation of low-melting point eutectic. The work also found that morphology of as-prepared Mo2C was irregular and particle size of it was gradually increased with increasing the NaCl content. According to the results, the possible reaction mechanism was proposed.

4

Estimating gaseous pollutants in the air near Daura Refinery, Daura Power Plant and South of Baghdad Power Plant by calculating the fuel discharge

Roomi Thaer O., Abed Adel S.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2021

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Vol. 30, No. 1

195--207

EN

This study addresses estimation of emission rates and concentrations of SO2, CO and NO2 gases emitted from Daura Refinery (DR), Daura Power Plant (DPP) and South of Baghdad Power Plant (SBPP) by calculating the fuel discharge. The estimations were made by using the Gaussian plume model of dispersion at distances within 10 km from the pollution source for January, April, July and October 2017 under two stability conditions, slightly stable and moderately unstable. The effect of wind speed and direction as well as the ambient temperature of the surrounding air on the dispersion and transmission of air pollutants were also investigated. It was found that the unstable conditions are better for dispersing out atmospheric pollutants. The results showed that Zafarania District was the most affected by pollutants emitted from DR and BSPP while Daura District was more affected by DPP due to the prevailing wind direction. It was also found that an increase in wind speed leads to a decrease in the concentration of pollutants. The concentration of pollutants is inversely proportional to the height of the chimney, the speed of the gas leaving the chimney, while it is directly proportional to the diameter of the chimney. DPP has higher emission rates than DR and SBPP while at the surface level, the pollutants concentrations emitted from DR are greater than those emitted from DPP and SBPP.

5

Assessment of Ambient Air Quality of Mosul City/Iraq Via Air Quality Index

Shihab Abdulmuhsin S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

241--250

EN

The research aimed to assess air quality in Mosul city (Iraq) using air quality index (AQI). The data were collected at six monitoring sites using two stations, one fixed and the other is mobile type. The concentrations of CO, NO2, O3, SO2 and PM10 were measured. The daily AQI were calculated for each site and classified to AQI categories according to USEPA approach. The dominant AQI category at the public library site fluctuated between "Moderate" to "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups". AQI undergoes seasonal variation with lower value at March. The results showed that PM10 is the main contributor for AQI determination in Mosul city with 93.8%. CO has no contribution to Mosul AQI. SO2, O3 and NO2 have little contribution to Mosul AQI with 0.8%, 2.7% and 2.7% respectively. The annual mean of AQI in the public library site/ Mosul city is 96 in the category "Moderate". The worst site was Mosul municipality (old location) with a dominant category "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups".

6

CO level over the Republic of Croatia using SENTINEL-5P

Mamić Luka

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2021

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Vol. 1, no. 1

61--82

EN

This paper deals with the issue of air pollution in the territory of the Republic of Croatia by monitoring the level of one of the largest air pollutants – carbon monoxide. For the study area, total carbon monoxide levels observed by the TROPOMI SENTINEL- 5P mission device were taken and used to show carbon monoxide levels for the period from January to September 2020 for every fifteenth day of the month. The entire process of downloading, georeferencing and processing TROPOMI data is described. The analysis examines the relationship between carbon monoxide levels and urban areas, major roads, and altitude. Also, the time frame of observation covers the period of the most severe measures and lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic and studies the impact of these measures on the level of carbon monoxide in the territory of the Republic of Croatia.

7

The Emission of Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Oxides from Boilers Supplied by a Pellet under the Influence of Changes in the Air-Fuel Equivalence Ratio

Ciupek Bartosz, Judt Wojciech, Urbaniak Rafał, Kłosowiak Robert

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 10

34--38

EN

The aim of the experimental research was to determine the impact of changes in the air-fuel equivalence ratio during the combustion of wood pellet in the boiler on the CO and NOx emissions. In order to realize the tests, 10 kW wood pellet boiler equipped with a dedicated wood pellet burner was employed. On the basis of the research, the relationship between the level of harmful substances emitted under the influence of changes in the air-fuel equivalence ratio was presented. The obtained results and conclusions based on them can be used to optimize the design of heating devices fed by wood pellets.

8

Experimental Research of Changes in CO, NOx and PM Concentrations in Flue Gases During Combustion of Wood Pellets With Wheat Seeds

Ciupek Bartosz, Urbaniak Rafał, Judt Wojciech

Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja

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2019

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T. 50, nr 2

56--61

EN

The article presents the results of experimental research on changes in concentrations of harmful substances in flue gases by burning and co-firing wood pellets with wheat seeds. Undertaking this research is aimed at defining new directions in the development of combustion and co-firing techniques operating in individual heating. The main purpose of the conducted research was to check whether it is possible to co-firing wood pellets with wheat seeds in a modern low power boiler with a pellet burner installed. The final stage of the research was to check the level of concentrations of harmful substances emitted from the burning process of wood pellets and to check whether co-firing of wood pellets with wheat seeds in mixtures of 70:30 and 50:50 reduces the emission of harmful substances. The article describes the applied methodology of the conducted research and a full analysis of the results obtained. The effect of the conducted research is to determine the effect of burning wood pellets with wheat seeds on the operation of pellet burners and to determine the degree of environmental burden of harmful substances.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych zmian stężeń substancji szkodliwych w spalinach ze spalania i współspalania peletów drzewnych z nasionami zbóż. Pod- jęcie tych badań ma na celu określenie nowych kierunków rozwoju technik spalania i współspalania stosowanych w ciepłownictwie indywidualnym. Podstawowym celem przeprowadzonych badań było sprawdzenie czy istnieje możliwość współspalania peletów drzewnych z nasionami pszenicy w nowoczesnym kotle grzewczym. Ostatnim etapem badań było określenie stopnia emisji substancji szkodliwych z procesu spalania peletów oraz z współspalania peletu z nasionami pszenicy w stosunku 70:30 i 50:50. W artykule opisano zastosowaną metodykę badań oraz analizę otrzymanych wyników. Efektem przeprowadzonych badań jest określenie wpływu spalania peletów z nasionami zbóż na stopień obciążenia środowiska przez emisję substancji szkodliwych.

9

Analiza powstania i możliwości obniżenia emisji w komorach spalania turbin gazowych

Veselý S.

Energetyka

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2017

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nr 11

744--749

PL

Nowoczesne turbiny gazowe wykorzystują jako paliwo mieszaninę węglowodorową w stanie ciekłym lub gazowym. Przy spalaniu izobarycznym nie można uniknąć powstania NOx, CO, CxHy oraz dymu, mimo stosowania popularnych w ostatnich latach technologii obniżania ich emisji zarówno w zastosowaniach stacjonarnych jak i w lotnictwie. W arykule przedstawiono zasady spalania dyfuzyjnego i kinetycznego oraz podkreślono zalety i wady tych technologii. Przeanalizowano przyczyny emisji NOx, CO, CxHy i możliwości jej obniżenia. Przedstawiony palnik hybrydowy z superniskimi emisjami, który zaprojektowano i wykonano w firmie EKOL, a który jest montowany na turbinach gazowych z oznaczeniem typu GT 750-6 do napędu turbokompresora.

EN

Modern gas turbines use as the fuel the hydrocarbonaceous mixture in the liquid state or gaseous. At the isobaric combustion we cannot avoid the coming into being NOx, CO, CxHy, and smoke, despite the application popular over the recent years the technology of the avoiding of the emission both in stationary uses and in the aviation. In the article the rule of the diffusive and kinetic combustion has been presented, and underlined advantages and defects of these technologies. Reasons of the emission NOx, CO, CxHy and possibility of its reductions were analyzed. The hybrid burner with super low emissions, which has been designed and made in the EKOL Company, was presented. This burner is assembled on gas turbines with the mark of the type GT 750-6 to the drive turbo-compressor.

10

The analysis of energy and emission indicators of a piston engine supplied by a mixture of biogas

Stępniak D., Surwiło J., Lampart P., Szymaniak M.

Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery

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2016

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nr 134

109--120

EN

The paper presents the methodology and results of research focused on experimental investigation of combustion of biogas fuels in a combustion piston engine. The study highlights the variability of exhaust gases parameters produced by the engine running in an idle mode and in a generation mode. The experimental analysis includes research about variability of temperature in the cylinders, depending on the composition of fuel used to supply the engine. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaust gases extends on biogas substitutes with diﬀerent proportions of CH₄ and CO₂. Characteristics of a piston combustion engine were created, including CO, CO₂, NOx emission indicators, for a range of engine load and fuel composition.

11

Kinetic analysis of the addition of CO2 to the flame in the combustion of methane

Jerzak W., Kuźnia M.

Archivum Combustionis

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2016

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Vol. 36 nr 1

59--67

EN

The paper presents the results of the calculation of the effect of the CO2 addition in the combustion of methane in air enriched in oxygen up to 25 vol% on the variations in the concentrations of free radicals, CO and NO. The calculations constitute a complement to performed experiments with injecting CO2 at varying distances from the burner. Modelling of the kinetics of methane combustion was done in the Chemked II program by implementing the reaction mechanism GRI-Mech, version 3.0. Residence times of the reagents at temperatures of 1200, 1500 and 1800 K, necessary for obtaining the peak concentrations of H, OH, O and CO, have been determined. It has been demonstrated that the addition of CO2 reduces the peak concentrations of H, OH and O the stronger, the higher the temperature is. If the temperature in the flame region is at a level of 1200 K, then the CO2 addition lengthens the time necessary for achieving the peak reagent concentrations. For T=1100 K, a negligible effect of adding CO2 on the variation in the mole fractions of H, OH, O, CO was noted. The paper enumerates the predominant reactions included in the employed GRI-Mech system, which determine the consumption and production of H, OH, O, CO and NO in the flame.

12

Ocena możliwości wykorzystania gazów niskokalorycznych w technologiach ograniczania emisji substancji szkodliwych z procesów spalania

Werle S.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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T. 18, nr 1

55--65

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych procesu reburningu z wykorzystaniem gazu ze zgazowania biomasy odpadowej w kotle węglowym małej mocy. Pokazano wpływ paliwa dodatkowego na emisję tlenków azotu, a także innych zanieczyszczeń: WWA i CO. Dodatkowo przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych określania normalnej prędkości spalania gazu ze zgazowania biomasy odpadowej jako parametru determinującego możliwość stabilnego współspalania z węglem. Wyniki pokazują, że ilość emitowanych tlenków azotu w wyniku dodatku paliwa gazowego do komory spalania zmalała o ponad 30%. Jednocześnie wyniki analiz pomiaru WWA w spalinach pokazują, że także sumaryczna ilość WWA jest znacznie większa przy spalaniu samego węgla niż przy współspalaniu z gazem ze zgazowania osadów ściekowych. W ramach przeprowadzonych badań określono również wpływ procesu spalania na emisję CO. Analizując wyniki, można stwierdzić, że przy zwiększaniu ilości dodatkowego paliwa do komory spalania stężenie tlenku węgla rośnie. Jest to zjawisko, które obserwuje się w przypadku większości instalacji niskoemisyjnego spalania. W zakresie wyników badań eksperymentalnych normalnej prędkości spalania stwierdzono, że uzyskane wartości dla analizowanego gazu ze zgazowania osadów ściekowych są zgodne z obliczeniami teoretycznymi, prezentowanymi we wcześniejszych pracach z tego zakresu. Wyniki te jednoznacznie wskazują, że istnieje optymalny zakres parametrów współspalania gazu ze zgazowania biomasy niekonwencjonalnej, przy których możliwe jest prowadzenie procesu reburningu.

EN

The paper presents the results of experimental reburning process using gas from the gasification of waste biomass in small capacity coal-fired boiler. The effect of additional fuel on emissions of nitrogen oxides and other pollutants: PAHs and CO was analysed. Additionally, the results of experimental determination of the laminar flame speed of the waste biomass gasification gas as a parameter determining the possibility of a stable co-combustion with coal are presented. The results show that the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted by the addition of gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber decreased by over 30%. At the same time, the results of the measurement of PAHs in the flue gases show that the total amount of PAHs is much higher when burning the coal than through the co-combustion of gas from gasification process of sewage sludge. The impact of the co-combustion of gas in coal fired boiler on the emission of CO was also determined. It can be concluded that increasing the amount of additional fuel fed into the combustion chamber increases the concentration of carbon monoxide. It is a phenomenon that is observed in the majority of low emission combustion installations. In terms of the results of experimental studies of laminar flamespeed, it was found that the values obtained for the analyzed gas from gasification of sewage sludge are consistent with theoretical calculations presented in previous works in this field. These results clearly show that there is an optimal range of parameters co-combustion of biomass gasification gas from unconventional at which it is possible to carry out the process of reburning.

13

Combustion and performance parameters of a Diesel engine operating on ethanol-Diesel fuel blends

Labeckas G., Slavinskas S., Lus T., Klyus O.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

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2013

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nr 36 (108) z. 2

102--109

EN

The article presents bench test results of a DI (60 kW) Diesel engine D-243 operating on class 2 Diesel fuel (DF) as baseline fuel and its 5vol%, 10vol% and 15vol% blends with anhydrous ethanol. The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of the ethanol addition to Diesel fuel on the autoignition delay, combustion, engine performance efficiency and emissions of the exhaust. The results of engine operation on ethanol- Diesel blends are compared with baseline parameters of normal Diesel running at full (100%) load and rated 2200 rpm speed.

14

Sewage sludge combustion – experimental and theoretical analysis

Turkiene N., Zigmontiene A., Buinevicius K., Pleckaitiene R.

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 34, nr 2

203--214

EN

Whereas the use of biofuels has attracted increasing attention, the aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using sewage sludge as biofuel. Preparation of untreated and stabilised sludge with natural additives is described, as well as combusting method applied and experimental results of combusting are presented based on the assessment of composition of emitted pollutants and their concentrations in the exhaust gas. NOx formation in the exhaust gas has been analysed in depth. The results of investigations have shown that the use of dried sewage sludge possesses a positive energy balance. Therefore, the sludge may be used as fuel. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that during combustion, pollutant concentrations vary depending on oxygen content (O2), while formation of nitrogen oxides is strongly influenced by fuel-bound nitrogen. Also, a generalized equation of calculating fuel bound nitrogen conversion into NOx is presented.

15

Pefrormance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine operatingon three-component fuel

Labeckas G., Slavinskas S.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2011

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Vol. 6, no 1

99-108

EN

The article deals with bench testing results of a DI (60 kW) diesel engine D-243 operating on reference (DF) arctic class 2 diesel fuel (80vol%), anhydrous (200 proof) ethanol (15vol%) and rapeseed methyl ester (5vol%) blend B15E5. The purpose of the research is to investigate the effect of simultaneous ethanol and RME addition in the diesel fuel on brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc), the brake thermal efficiency (çe) and noxious emissions, including NO, NO2, NOx, CO, CO2, HC and smoke opacity of the exhausts. The bsfc of the diesel engine operating on three-component fuel B15E5 under maximum load of bmep = 0.75, 0.76 and 0.68 MPa is higher by 10.3%, 10.7% and 9.6% because of both net heating value lower by 6.18% and brake thermal efficiency lower by 3.4%, 3.7% and 2.8% relative to that of reference diesel at 1400, 1800 and 2200 min-1 speeds. The maximum NOx emission produced from oxygenated blend B15E5 was reduced by 13.4%, 18.0% and 12.5% and smoke opacity diminished by 13.2%, 1.5% and 2.7% under considered loading conditions relative to that of a neat diesel fuel. The CO amounts produced from three-component fuel B15E5 were lowered by 6.0% for low 1400 min-1 speed only and they increased by 20.1% and 28.2% for higher 1800 and 2200 min-1 speeds and the HC emissions were also higher by 35.1%, 25.5% and 34.9% throughout a whole speed rage comparing with respective values measured from neat diesel fuel.

16

Effect of the underpressure sucking air on the emissions CO and CO2 in the sintering process

Bakaj F., Legemza J., Fröhlichová M., Findorak R.

Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza

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2009

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T. 61, nr 5

3-5

EN

The production of the agglomerate is always related with the consumption of energy, appearance of the solid pollutive substances and the emissions, which are the main source of air pollution. The presentation work contains the analyse knowledge, which were obtained from the literature, also mainly analysis the results, which were attained on the laboratory sintering pan. On this laboratory sintering pan are suffi ciently simulating the conditions, which are present in the sinter band in relation to production of CO, CO2, NOx, SOx and solid pollutive substances in the sintering process. On the basis of the theoretical analyse, analysis measuring data, computing of the balance, production, qualitative and quantitative parameters of the sintering process we can conclude, that in the case of changing different parametres of the sintering process (for example in the changing underpressure sucking air) these emissions can decrease. The expressive decreasing of the emissions can be achieved with minimalization of the fuel content in the sintering burden.

17

Zagrożenia zatruciem tlenkiem węgla w budownictwie mieszkaniowym - techniczne możliwości poprawy bezpieczeństwa mieszkańców

Tałach Z. A., Czerski G., Strugała A.

Nafta-Gaz

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2007

|

R. 63, nr 1

43-50

PL

Każdego roku w Polsce w budynkach mieszkalnych wyposażonych w urządzenia gazowe, dochodzi do licznych wypadków zatruć tlenkiem węgla, w tym również śmiertelnych. W artykule przestawiono różnorakie sposoby poprawy bezpieczeństwa użytkowników urządzeń gazowych. Według autorów najlepszym rozwiązaniem jest zastosowanie urządzeń gazowych z zamkniętą komorą spalania wraz z nowoczesnymi systemami kominowymi. Omówiono szerzej tematykę dotyczącą urządzeń gazowych z zamkniętą komorą spalania oraz systemów kominowych stosowanych wraz z tymi urządzeniami.

EN

Each year, numerous cases of CO poisoning, including fatal ones, occur in residential buildings equipped with gas appliances in Poland. The paper presents various ways of improving safety of users of those appliances. According to the authors, the best solution involves the use of gas appliances with closed combustion chambers along with modern chimney systems. The problems concerning gas appliances with closed com-bustion chambers as well as chimney systems, used with those appliances, are discussed in detail.

18

Czad atakuje zwłaszcza zimą!

Schroeder M.

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

|

2007

|

nr 1

24-25

19

The effects of the Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalysts preparation methods on the chemisorption of carbon monoxide

Sarbak Z.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2006

|

Vol. 8, nr 2

34-36

EN

The paper reports on the effect of the synthetic procedure of the Sn/AI2O3 catalyst on the type of the surface platinum centres. The catalysts were obtained with the method of incipient wetness introducing either the first tin followed by platinum after drying (the first series) or platinum and then tin (the second series) or two components simultaneously (the third series). The catalysts performance was studied by CO sorption and the type and the character of the chemisorption centres was determined by the FT-IR method. The results indicated the formation of different platinum centres: Pt^o, Pt^delta+ (δ+≤ 1), Pt^m+ (2 ≥ m > 1) depending on the sequence of the introduction of the active components.

20

Effect of ethanol fuel on natural environment in urban areas

Rakoczy J., Mirek R., Pyszowski A.

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2006

|

Vol. 32, nr 1

169-174

EN

In Poland, a characteristic feature of motorization is a high number of cars without catalyst in their exhaust systems. In large urban areas, with high intensity of car traffic, the concentration of air pollutants may exceed accepted standards. Ethanol, as a component of engine fuels, decreases hydrocarbon and CO emission.

PL

Cechą charakterystyczną motoryzacji w Polsce jest duża liczba pojazdów, które nie są wyposażone w katalizatory dopalania spalin. W rejonach wielkich aglomeracji miejskich o znacznej koncentracji ruchu samochodowego może dochodzić do przekroczenia norm stężenia zanieczyszczeń atmosfery. Dodatek bioetanolu do benzyn silnikowych zmniejsza emisję niespalonych węglowodorów i tlenku węgla do atmosfery.