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1

Volcanism and sedimentation in the Paleogene Alpine peripheral basins: how did Alps look like?

Di Capua Andrea

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

18--18

EN

All the Paleogene represents a key period in the growth of the Alpine belt and the development of surrounding sedimentary basins. Nevertheless, one of the most intriguing timelapse is represented by 10 Ma, between ca. 40 and ca. 30 Ma, when the growing belt hosted volcanic complexes that lead to the accumulation of volcanogenic sequences within the Northern Alpine and the Southern Alpine foreland basins. Such sequences present peculiar characteristics that varies depending on the period and depocenter where they where accumulated. In addition, they represent the fundamental clue to reconstruct how the volcanic arc developed, which kind of volcanic activity characterized it, where the volcanoes were located and to speculate about how magmatism was produced before coming to the surface. Volcanic sequences are, in fact, extremely rare and confined to the west of the chain, disarticulated from the source-to-sink systems that supplied detritus to the depocenters, together with dikes crosscutting the southern part of the belt, so less is the geodynamic information gain from them. The present talk will review a decade of investigation carried out on stratigraphic, petrographic and geochemical data on the different volcanogenic sequences, trying to reconstruct the relationship between putative volcanic centers and the basins, as well as to understand the nature of the Paleocene volcanic arc/arcs. All the considered sequences are characterized by large amounts of volcanogenic detritus, and sometimes they rarely preserve pyroclastic deposits. Occasionally, such sequences are also mixed with non-volcanic detritus, a component useful in tracing provenance of sediments and giving clues about palaeoenvironments constituting the growing belt. Although beyond of being exhaustive, the present communication represents a first attempt in marking fundamental temporal and palaeogeographic steps in the evolution of a volcanic arc through several millions of years on one of the most fascinating orogenic belt.

2

The margins of the Early Jurassic Trento Platform (Southern Alps)

Riva Alberto, Gianolla Piero, Caggiati Marcello

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

59--59

EN

Examples of Lower Jurassic carbonate platform margins are rare, probably due to the scarcity of good outcrops. One of the major palaeogeographic units of the Mesozoic Tethys, the Trento Platform, however, shows two different margin types facing the Belluno and the Lombardian basins. While the western margin, facing the Lombardian Basin, is showing an ooidal unit with frequent mud mounds (Massone Oolite), the eastern margin was poorly characterized, mainly due to difficult stratigraphic definition and problematic accessibility of outcrops. The eastern platform margin characteristics are strictly controlled by tectonic activity and the type of carbonate factory; the differences between the eastern and the western margin could be linked to windward-leeward position of the platform margin, more protected to the west than to the east. Subsidence increased since Late Triassic, due to the opening of the Alpine Tethys, defining shallow water areas, dominated by subtidal and peritidal muddy carbonates, and deeper basins, such as the Belluno and Lombardian Basin. More than 500 m of mud-dominated carbonates developed until Early Sinemurian, when major switch in the carbonate factory occurred. The Hettangian-Early Sinemurian margin is usually not well exposed and is strongly dolomitized and appears to be a tectonically controlled escarpments. Since Late Early Sinemurian, the carbonate factory changed and led to a huge production of peloids and ooids, promptly shed in the surrounding basin: in the Eastern Trento Platform we recognize a 400/500 m thick wedge of Sinemurian to Pliensbachian ooidal calcarenites pinching-out towards the basin, with scattered bioconstructions made of calcareous sponges across the margin. This wedge pinches out also towards the platform interior, showing that the ooids were poorly preserved on the platform top. The preserved slope shows an angle of about 20-25°. In the western margin, the resedimented ooids are more limited, probably due to the limited size of the marginal carbonate factory. In the Late Pliensbachian, probably in the Margaritatus zone, a drowning phase affected part of the eastern carbonate platform, switching to encrinitic calcarenites, while in the western one carbonate production continued until Bajocian. These encrinites are extremely thin on the platform top, but a resedimented wedge in the proximal basin highlights the position of the topographic margin. The margins of the Trento Platform is a rare example of Early Jurassic carbonate platform margin that can be used as a reference for coeval carbonate platform depositional systems.

3

Reddish multiphase infillings in the megalodontid bivalves and solution voids in Julian Alps – NW Slovenia

Slapnik Lucija, Rožič Boštjan, Gale Luka, Rožič Petra Žvab, Waśkowska Anna

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

64--64

EN

At a nature-preserve protected site in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia), in the Pod Peski valley, red fillings of megalodontid bivalves occur within the Upper Triassic Dachstein limestone. Based on optical and cathodoluminescent microscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, four generations of shell fillings were recognized, some of which contain both cement and sediment subgenerations. Logging and sampling of the limestone sequence a few meters below and above the “main” layer containing the megalodontids mentioned above revealed that the limestone is characterized by solution voids similar to the megalodontids. Namely, these voids are also filled with reddish multigeneration sediment with alternating calcite cement. Adjacent neptunian dykes were studied to clarify their influence on the last generation fillings. Two of them, located directly on the “main” layer with red-filled megalodontids, contain planktonic foraminifera, indicating Middle Jurassic or younger age. The next two neptunian dykes are located directly above the “main” layer, and one contains clasts with calpionellids characteristic of the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous. The last dyke explored is located a few tens of meters from the “main” layer and is several hundred meters long. In a few sample from this dyke Early Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera were identified. Microscopic analysis revealed that the reddish sedimentary fillings are part of a complex palaeokarst system that produced the first three generations of fillings, and in the last (fourth) generation we noted similarities between the megalodontid fillings and neptunian dykes on the “main” bedding plane. In addition, a Santonian–Maastrichtian sedimentary fill with globotruncanid foraminifers were discovered in the upper part of the succession in one of the solution voids.

4

Palaeogeographic perturbations in the key-area between the Alpine Tethys and the Neotethys Realms during the time of tectonic overturns: Jurassic of the Alpine-Dinaric transition zone

Rožič Boštjan

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

60--61

EN

The major Mesozoic palaeogeographic disintegration of the present-day transitional area between the Alps and the Dinarides (Slovenia) occurred due to the Middle Triassic rifting event related with the opening of the Neotethys Ocean. By the Norian, three major palaeogeographic units were formed: the Dinaric (Adriatic, Friuli) Carbonate Platform (DCP) in the south, intermediate, E-W extending Slovenian Basin (SB) and the Julian Carbonate Platform (JCP) in the north. The platforms were characterized by a Dachstein type platform, while the basin was filled with hemiplegic and resedimented limestones, most of which are now dolomitized. To the west, there was a shallow water “bridge” between the two platforms. After the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary crisis, the palaeogeographic setting was preserved, but the margins of the platforms turned into ooidal factories. During the Early Jurassic, SB was almost exclusively filled with ooid calciturbidites from the north, which can be explained by the wind/leeward position of the basin with respect to the particular platform. The first rifting phase of the opening Alpine Tethys, generally dated to the earliest Jurassic, is poorly expressed in this area. The main products are limestone breccias that occur in the western part of the SB. In contrast, the second rifting phase (dated to the Pliensbachian in Slovenia) completely disintegrated JCP. The margins subsided first and were characterized by open shelf conditions with crinoid meadows, while the inner parts of the JCP remained shallow-marine. In the SB, the initial subsidence can be seen in the altered composition of the calciturbidites. Namely, the ooid/peloid dominated resediments changed to crinoid/ lithoclast dominated. In the Toarcian, sedimentation ended on most of the JCP, with only sporadic marls occurring at the margins. At the same time, the sedimentary environment of the DCP also deepened and nodular or crinoid limestone was deposited. The SB is characterized by uniform clay-rich sediments that vary greatly in thickness, indicative of differential subsidence caused by the second rifting phase. In the Middle Jurassic, shallow-water sedimentation re-established on the DCP, the margin being characterized again by ooidal shoals, the sedimentation of the SB gradually changed to siliceous limestone, while the JCP and the “bridge” between the JCP and DCP are characterized by non-sedimentation. The last important Jurassic change occurred during the Bajocian-Bathonian stages. Condensed Ammonitico Rosso-type limestone began to be deposited on the “bridge” and the JCP, while sedimentation in the SB changed to pure radiolarite. In the past, this was interpreted as a result of thermal subsidence associated with oceanization of the Alpine Tethys. However, studies in the last decade suggest a more complex tectonic evolution. Because the area in question lies between the opening Alpine Tethys to the west and the concurrent onset of subduction of the Neotethys to the east, it has been subject to strong differential subsidence between the largescale DCP and all units north of it. The exact nature of the tectonic deformation is not yet clear, but a transtensional regime is most probable. These events resulted in the disintegration and collapse of the northern DCP margin, as evidenced by the sedimentation of limestone breccia megabeds along the entire SB southern margin. These megabeds not only indicate enhanced tectonics, but also provide important information about the pre-Middle Jurassic architecture of the DCP margin, which is no longer preserved. They consist of very diverse limestone lithoclasts and an ooid packstone matrix. Analysis of the clasts revealed that the Late Triassic DCP margin was characterized by Dachstein-type reefs and the Early Jurassic by ooid shoals. In the interior of SB, these strata merge into ooid calciturbidites interlayered between radiolarite and become completely wedged in the northern part of the basin. Corresponding gravity-flow deposits also sedimented on the subsided “bridge” between the DCP and the JCP, and even on the northern margin of the DCP itself. An important difference is the simpler composition of the resediments in this area. Namely, they consist entirely of Middle Jurassic platform margin and slope lithoclasts. This is explained by the less pronounced palaeotopography between the active platform and submerged “bridge”, which did not allow erosion of the older platform limestone (as observed in SB). The described collapse of the DCP margin caused it to retreat, and marginal reefs formed over the underlying inner platform limestones in the Late Jurassic. The emersion phase in the Kimmeridgian ended reef growth and the margin turned back into ooid rich shoals. At the same time, the SB was characterized by continuous radiolarite sedimentation and drowned JCP together with the “bridge” with the Ammonitico rosso facies, characterized by several stratigraphic gaps. Rare calciturbidites are interbedded in areas near the DCP (southern SB and a drowned “bridge”). At the end of Jurassic, all areas north of the DCP show uniform sedimentation of the Biancone Limestone Formation.

5

Detrital rutile U-Pb geochronology of the Alpine convergence in the External Western Carpathians

Doliwa Zieliński Ludwik de, Potočný Tomáš, Bazarnik Jakub, Kooijman Ellen, Kośmińska Karolina, Mazur Stanisław, Majka Jarosław

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

84--84

EN

The Carpathian Flysch Belt represents a Paleogene accretionary wedge (External Western Carpathians – EWC) located in front of the narrow Pieniny Klippen Belt zone and the Cretaceous Central Western Carpathian nappe stack. The Flysch Belt is formed of several nappes thrust over the slope of the European Platform in the Miocene. This study is focused on the uppermost Magura Nappe, which consists of the Rača, Bystrica and Krynica subunits. As there are no relics of pre-Miocene oceanic crust in the EWC, the sedimentary rocks of the Flysch Belt are the only source of information available about the Alpine collisional events. U-Pb geochronology was applied to detrital rutile from sandstones of the Magura Nappe in order to better understand the closure of the Alpine Tethys in the Western Carpathians. Ten medium-sized sandstone samples were collected across the Bystrica and Krynica subunits in the Nowy Targ region in southern Poland. The samples represent synorogenic clastic sediments with inferred deposition ages between the Late Cretaceous and Oligocene. Approximately 200 rutile grains were separated from each sandstone sample and around half of them were selected for further analyses. The age and appearance (shape, inclusions, zoning etc.) of the dated rutile show significant variations, suggesting derivation from various sources. The most prominent age peaks represent the Variscan (c. 400–280 Ma) and Alpine (c. 160–90 Ma) tectonic events which are well-pronounced in all but the oldest dated sample. It is also noteworthy that four distinct Alpine signals were detected in our rutile data set. The two most prominent peaks with ages of 137–126 Ma and 115–105 Ma are found in majority of the samples. In two sandstone samples, deposited between the Eocene –Oligocene and the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene, the youngest peak of 94–90 Ma appears. Another peak of 193–184 Ma is also present in these two samples, as well as in another sandstone deposited between the Paleocene and the Eocene. In addition, most samples show few Proterozoic ages (approx. 1770 Ma, 1200 Ma, 680 Ma and 600 Ma). Since metamorphic rutile requires relatively high pressure to crystallize, its formation in the course of an orogeny is possible in a subduction setting. Hence, our new age data may reflect tectonic events related to subduction of oceanic crust and overlying sediments. Tentatively, we propose that recognizable events include the Jurassic subduction of the Meliata Ocean (~180–155 Ma), the Early Cretaceous thrust stacking of the Veporic and Gemeric domains (140–105 Ma) and possibly the Late Cretaceous subduction of the Váh Ocean (c. 90 Ma). In addition to dating, the Zr content of the rutile formed during the Alpine orogeny was measured by electron microprobe at the AGH University in Krakow. The amount of Zr varies between 37–420 ppm in almost all grains, with the exception of 4 rutile grains where ~1100 ppm was reached. The Zr in rutile thermometer, based on the approach of Kohn (2020) was used to calculate the possible metamorphic conditions at 450–650°C and >7.5 kbar. This data set corroborates formation of the Alpine rutile under relatively high pressure and rather low to moderate pressure/temperature gradient, i.e. typical of subduction-related tectonic environments.

6

Aptian greenhouse climate and icehouse interludes – alpine Tethyan archives revisited

Weissert Helmut

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

78--78

EN

In this study we revisit two Cretaceous archives in the Alps, and we test hypotheses of major sea level falls related to ice age interludes in the Aptian. The first of the two successions in focus was formed along the northern margin of the alpine Tethys and is today preserved as Garschella Formation in the Helvetic nappes of Switzerland. Aptian phosphorites of the Luitere Beds containing Deshayites deshayesi and Dufreonia are overlain by up to tens of meters of siliciclastic shales, the Gams Beds. Gams Beds with low carbonate content are poorly dated, according to available biostratigraphies they are of Late Aptian age (nolani ammonite zone). Gams Beds are covered by up to 15 m glauconitic bioclastic sandstones and limestones (Brisi sandstone and limestone). The second locality we have revisited is Zürs in the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA, Vorarlberg, Austria). There, a condensed succession of Jurassic-Cretaceous age records Southern Tethyan ocean history of a “submarine bank”. Jurassic radiolarian cherts are overlain by pelagic limestones of earliest Cretaceous age followed by an Aptian phosphorite hardground. These phosphorites are covered by an up to several meter thick succession of reworked crinoidal limestones and then by several tens of meters of “Kreideschiefer” (Lech Formation), which are of Albian to Cenomanian in age. Phosphorites at both localities record a time of hardground formation related to changes in Tethyan oceanography, triggered by a major perturbation of the global carbon cycle and by corresponding changes in climate and oceanography. Condensed sedimentation records intense current activity on submarine highs and along the northern Tethyan shelf. Remarkable is the poorly understood change in sedimentation following hardground formation at both locations during Late Aptian time. The Helvetic Gams Beds (Garschella Fm.) record increased shedding of siliciclastics along the northern Tethys, either related to increased weathering or to a drop in sea level. We propose, that an eustatic drop of seal level explains observed northern Tethyan shifts in Late Aptian sedimentation. A corresponding drop in sea level is recorded at other localities as the Oman Mountains, along the Algarve coast in Portugal or in the Basque-Cantabrian Basin. There, most prominent “cold snaps” or “ice age interludes during Aptian greenhouse climate” are dated as martinoides to nolani ammonite zone, they coincide with the deposition of the Gams Beds. Bioclastic limestones in the Helvetic succession and in the NCA record carbonate shedding at a time of renewed sea level rise following a major Aptian sea level drop. The Late Aptian prograding carbonate system of the NCA, considered as the source of crinoidal sands, was positioned along the northern margin of the evolving Eastern Alps while Brisi carbonate sands where shedded from a Northern Tethyan carbonate ramp. The Aptian condensed sediments of Helvetics and of NCA are indicators of extreme shifts in Aptian climate triggered by perturbations of the global carbon cycle. The Aptian-Albian Zürs succession provides additional information on the rapid transition of a passive continental margin with pelagic sediments into an Austroalpine foreland basin represented by “Kreideschiefer”.

7

Miejsce i rola krzyża we współczesnej przestrzeni sakralnej małych kaplic alpejskich w kontekście twórczości Tadao Ando

Cichosz Justyna, Cieślak-Arkuszewska Adriana

Builder

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2023

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R.27, nr 12

22--26

PL

We współczesnych, ascetycznych kaplicach alpejskich symbolika krzyża ulega pogłębieniu i powiązaniu z mistycyzmem natury. Taka postawa jest również charakterystyczna dla twórczości Tadao Ando. Celem pracy jest analiza porównawcza rozwiązań przestrzennych stosowanych przez Ando i twórców alpejskich w zakresie formy i lokalizacji krzyża w obiektach sakralnych oraz poszukiwanie analogii wykraczających poza kontekst kulturowy. Badania pozwoliły wyodrębnić trzy podstawowe obszary operowania znakiem krzyża i semantyczne przesunięcie znaczeń w kierunku metafizyki i duchowości indywidualnej.

EN

In modern, ascetic Alpine chapels, the symbolism of the cross has been deepened and is linked to the mysticism of nature. This attitude also characterizes Tadao Ando's work. The aim of the work is a comparative analysis of the spatial solutions used by Ando and Alpine artists regarding the form and location of the cross in sacred buildings and the search for analogies that go beyond the cultural context. The research allowed us to identify three basic areas of using the sign of the cross and a semantic shift of meanings towards metaphysics and individual spirituality.

8

Alpejskie konstrukcje - kładki na najwyższym pułapie świata

Hawryszków P., Halicki M.

Mosty

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2016

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nr 6

82--84

PL

W artykule przedstawiono dwie niedawno wybudowane konstrukcje kładek dla pieszych w Alpach Szwajcarskich - Titlis Cliff Walk oraz Peak Walk. Obie kładki zostały zaprojektowane jako wiszące, a wybudowano je przy użyciu niekonwencjonalnych rozwiązań (transport materiałów budowlanych kolejkami linowymi, jak również helikopterem). Konstrukcje stanowią nowe atrakcje turystyczne Alp, a ich budowa była wyzwaniem inżynierskim.

EN

Two pedestrian bridges recently built in the Swiss Alps have been presented in the paper - Titlis Cliff Walk and Peak Walk. They were designed as suspension footbridges and built using atypical solutions - transport of building materials by cable cars or a helicopter. Both structures are new touristic attractions in the Alps and their construction was an engineering challenge.

9

Baltazar (Belsazar) Hacquet (1739–1815), francuski podróżnik, przyrodnik, geolog, profesor uniwersytetów we Lwowie i w Krakowie : nowe dane biograficzne w świetle niepublikowanych dokumentów z archiwów francuskich i niemieckich

Daszkiewicz P., Tarkowski R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 7

340--343

EN

Balthasar Hacquet, French physician and naturalist, Austrian army officer and inspector of mines in this country, has marked the history of natural science. Also as Professor of the Universities in Lviv and Cracow, he distinguished himself in many disciplines (botany, geology, anthropology and medicine), and particularly in the descriptions of the nature of the Carpathians and the Alps. This important person in the République des savants does not have the place in the contemporary historiography of science. His correspondence with French naturalists Georges Cuvier and Philippe-Isidore Picot de Lapeyrouse, as well as his autobiography and numerous documents, preserved in various archives, help to better understand his role in the development of natural sciences.

10

Leaf litter decomposition and invertebrate colonization in Alpine environments above the tree line: an experimental study

Bo T., Cammarata M., López-Rodríguez M. J., Tierno de Figueroa J. M., Fenoglio S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 2

217--225

EN

Recent studies suggested a general warming trend in the Alps, resulting in a significant migration of forests to altitudes higher than the usual, regional tree line. As a consequence, some headwater streams will likely receive more allochthonous organic matter. For this reason, the dynamics of decomposition of terrestrial leaf detritus in stream reaches that naturally lacked this resource represents a subject of considerable interest, on which no information is currently available. The aim of this study was to analyse breakdown and macroinvertebrate colonisation of leaf bags in an Alpine headwater stream above the tree line. Results of this study indicate that decomposition of terrestrial leaves in a lotic alpine environment above the tree line takes place through a process similar to what happens at lower altitudes, but with some differences. The reduced rate of decomposition observed may be due to lower temperatures. At lower altitudes, tree cover provides a supply of organic material sufficient to support a rich guild of shredders. This study demonstrates that also above tree line, where communities are dominated by scrapers, an important part of the benthic community take part in the decomposition process of leaves. We can conclude that streams above the tree line, while hosting invertebrate communities dominated by rhithrophilous organisms that feed mostly on biofilm, also harbour a rich population of opportunist invertebrates. It seems that, in the case of expected temperature increase at higher altitudes , terrestrial organic detritus may be actively degraded by lotic benthic communities.

11

Turystyczna eksploracja gór wyrażona przez architekturę

Kronowski D.

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2010

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nr 13

135-154

PL

Na przełomie XIX i XX wieku pierwsze szlaki i obiekty turystyczne wytyczano dzięki inwestorom prywatnym, a w późniejszym okresie dzięki towarzystwom krajoznawczym oraz organizacjom, takim jak Polskie Towarzystwo Tatrzańskie oraz Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno Krajoznawcze. Architektura górska w Tatrach Polskich ewoluowała od form adaptowanych z szałasów do obiektów o większej kubaturze, ściśle nawiązujących do regionalizmu dyktowanego przez ówczesne władze. Możliwość tworzenia nowego dała pole do popisu rzeszom architektów zafascynowanych kulturą i podbojem inteligenckim Tatr, a także przenoszeniem z Alp wzorców sportowych.

EN

At the turn of the century the first trails and tourist facilities created by private investors, and thereafter through the Homeland Study societies and organizations such as PTT and PTTK. Mountain architecture in the Polish Tatra has evolved from a form adapted, from shelters to objects larger volume, characterized by strict reference to regionalism im-posed by the authorities. The possibility of creating a new, gave scope for architects fas-cinated with the myriad of cultural intelligentsia.

12

Tunel Ceneri ułatwi transport w Szwajcarii

Dobosz D.

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2010

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nr 5

36-38

EN

The author in the paper presents the Ceneri Base Tunnel. Only with this project will the new Gotthard route become a continuous flat rail link through the Alps with the corresponding advantages and desired economic benefits. The continuous flat route will allow fast, economical freight transportation services to be offered which are the precondition for achieving the desired transfer of freight off the roads onto the railways.

13

Najdłuższy na świecie tunel pod Alpami wydrążony

Sumara A.

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2010

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nr 5

22-25

EN

In the 2017 there will be opened the longest railway tunnel beneath the Alps. There are planned two tubes - each 57 km long. The breakthrough at the Gotthard Base Tunnel in the Eastern tunnel took place on October 15, 2010. This link will connect northern and southern Europe by rail through the Alps in the territory of Switzerland. After finishing the construction the first high-speed trains will travel along at speeds of 200 to 250 km per hour.

14

Wybrane zagadnienia nowoczesnej architektury górskiej

Kronowski D.

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2009

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nr 12

185--212

PL

Lata 1960-1970 w okresie coraz większego kryzysu "pudełkowej", górskiej architektury modernistycznej w architekturze światowej i polskiej były możliwością rozwoju dla ambitnych młodych projektantów, podejmujących wyzwania w dobie ówczesnego socjalizmu. Pojawiła się i rozwinęła tzw. architektura późnego modernizmu. Zapowiadała ona przyszłą przemianę, która doprowadziła do postmodernizmu.

EN

The years 1960-1970 during the intensified box mountain architecture crisis in world architecture and Polish architecture was a period of great opportunity for young and ambitious designers, tracing new routes and undertaking challenges in times of ruling socialism. The so-called late modernism architecture appeared, thus foretelling further transformations which lead in result to postmodernism.

15

Grenoble - technopolia w górach

Wdowiarz-Bilska M.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2009

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R. 106, z. 2-A

149-159

PL

Jednym z czynników rozwoju technopolii Grenoble są uwarunkowania przyrodnicze: góry kreujące niepowtarzalny wyraz przestrzenny oraz pejzaże tworzące niepowtarzalne środowisko życia i pracy. Lokalizacja jednego z pierwszych francuskich parków technologicznych ZIRST/Inovallee w gminach regionu Grenoble przyczyniła się do rozwoju i przekształcenia ich struktury oraz do zmiany charakteru przestrzeni alpejskich miejscowości o wysokich walorach przyrodniczo-kulturowo-krajobrazowych. Wpływ strefy zaawansowanych technologii przejawia się w transformacji struktury społecznej, funkcjonalnej i przestrzennej, a także zmiany krajobrazu i wizerunku miejscowości.

EN

Nature is one of the development factors of Technopole Grenoble. Alps from the beautiful landscape and the pleasant environment for life and work. The Creation the one of the first French technology parks ZIRST/Inovallee has contributed to the development, transformation and change the rural character of the communes in the Grenoble region. The high-tech zone's influence consists in the transformation of the social structure, the function, the space, the landscape and the town image.

16

The Steinplatte complex (Late Triassic, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria) - subsidence-controlled development of a carbonate-platform-to-intrashelfbasin-transition

Kaufmann B.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2009

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Vol. 59, no. 3

341-357

EN

In Rhaetian (Late Triassic) times, the Hauptdolomit/Dachstein carbonate shelf situated at the passive continental margin of the northwestern Tethys was characterized by an extensional tectonic regime. Rifting and spreading movements fragmented this shelf into a loosely fitted mosaic of fault-bounded blocks characterized by a differential subsidence pattern. This is expressed in significant thickness variations of platform carbonates and in the formation of the intrashelf Kossen Basin. In this study, it can be demonstrated that tectonic subsidence triggered the development of a carbonate platform margin and that the influence of eustatic sea-level changes was negligible. The Steinplatte complex developed at the transition of the Kossen Basin to the Dachstein Carbonate Platform. Small-scale isolated carbonate mounds situated on a smoothly inclined homoclinal ramp characterized the initial phase and acted as nuclei of further carbonate buildup growth. However, only the ideal palaeogeographic position far enough away from the carbonate-suppressive terrigenous influence of the Kossen Beds, combined with vigorous carbonate production stimulated by rapid subsidence-caused sea-level rise, favoured continuous mound growth. Once established, the carbonate buildup was characterized by rapid aggradational growth, developing a palaeogeographic high with a steep slope and a depression with decreased sedimentation behind, several kilometres distant from the Dachstein Carbonate Platform. Contemporaneously, isostatic adjustment caused an accommodation minimum on the nearby margin of the Dachstein Carbonate Platform leading to its westward progradation. Fading out of subsidence caused filling of the former depression in the back of the buildup by prograding shallow-water Dachstein Limestones. Thus, a new platform margin was established in the Steinplatte area, elevated almost 200 m above the adjacent Kossen Basin. At the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, the Steinplatte complex was subjected to subaerial exposure by a sudden tectonic uplift followed by a rapid isostatic drop. Emergence is indicated by levels of karstified limestones directly underlying supposed exposure surfaces. Final drowning of the Steinplatte complex as well as of the whole Dachstein Carbonate Platform is indicated by the cover of Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) deeper water, ammonitebearing limestones (Adnet Formation).

17

Struktura przestrzenna elementów pogody Alp i Karpat w świetle informacji satelitarnej NOAA - dolna troposfera oraz powierzchnia Ziemi

Widawski A.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

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2008

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T. 40

5--27

18

The geodynamics of the area between Alps, Bohemian Massif and a western part of Polish platform

Vyskočil P., Śledziński J.

Reports on Geodesy

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2004

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nr 2/69

179--188

EN

The area of western border of the CEI member countries is created by different geological structures as a part of Easter Alps, Carpathians, Pannonian Basin, Bohemian Massif and eastern area of Polish platform. This area includes northern slopes of the Alps, their foredeep and contact with the Bohemian Massif, West Carpathians foredeep towards Bohemian Massif and a part of Polish platform, crossing area of Sudeten fault zone and T-T zone. The entire territory is covered by map of annual velocities of vertical movements as well as by network of GPS stations. In present paper the geodynamical properties of mentioned above territory are analysed and shortly discussed both in vertical and horizontal component. It should be added that the vertical movements are derived from repeated levelling performed before and after the World War II and 1995. The horizontal component is derived from satellite (GPS) measurements after 1994 (see Fig. 1).

19

Huge contrasts of the lithospheric structure revealed by new generation seismic experiments in Central Europe

Guterch A., Grad M., Keller R. G.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 8/2

753-760

EN

Beginning in 1997, Central Europe, between the Baltic and Adriatic Seas, has been covered by an unprecedented network of seismic refraction experiments (Fig.1A). These experiments — POLONAISE’97, CELEBRATION 2000, ALP 2002, and SUDETES 2003—have only been possible due to a massive international cooperative effort. International Consortium consisted of more than 30 institutions from 16 countries in Europe and North America—Austria, Belarus, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, and the United States. The majority of the recording instruments was provided by the IRIS /PASCAL Instrument Center and the University of Texas at El Paso (USA), the Geological Survey of Canada, and other countries. For example, in the CELEBRATION experiment, the total number was 1230 stations and 147 shot points located along seismic lines of a total length of about 9000 km. A large number of seismic sources and stations in all experiments means that besides 2-D approach along profiles, also 3-D approach could be implemented in data interpretation. Total length of seismic profiles in all experiments is about 20,000 km.