Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Analysis of passenger ships activity in the oil and gas offshore shipping sector in the North Sea

Czerwiński Dariusz, Kiersztyn Adam, Przyłucki Sławomir, Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek Aneta, Czermański Ernest

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2023

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nr 75 (147)

68--78

EN

Maritime and coastal areas are the lifeblood of many countries. They are vital to the prosperity of countries because they provide trade routes, regulate the climate, are a source of organic and inorganic resources and energy, and provide a place for the public to live and relax. Increasingly, however, there are divergences and barriers to the use of marine areas. On the one hand, available and developed technology and knowledge enable increasingly improved use of the sea. On the other hand, the combined effect of these activities leads to conflicts of interest and the deterioration of the marine environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of using automatic identification system (AIS) maritime traffic data, in terms of its suitability, to correctly assess the utilization of the potential of a specific fleet within the offshore shipping industry. In addition, the authors undertake the task of determining to what extent activities relating to the GPS position of the ship, ship type (i.e., cargo or passenger), ship status (i.e., aground, anchored, moored, not under command, restricted maneuverability, underway sailing, or underway using its engine), ship draught, service speed, total engine power, and deadweight constitute areas and methods for optimizing the use of the offshore fleet under all the conditions previously described that limit this optimization. Given the stated goal, this paper uses both a literature review procedure and statistical methods to conduct a comparative analysis.

2

Polish container ports, new baltic hubs?

Serry A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2023

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Vol. 17 No. 2

365--371

EN

Over the last decade, the Baltic ports have welcomed a remarkable growth, especially oil transportation and containerised flows. The regional container network is mainly made up of feeders services. Consequently, Baltic ports as nodes of a regional maritime network are integrated into a larger system. Indeed, the port development and the evolution of maritime traffic are symptomatic of economic and territorial mutations. In this context, the Polish ports, Gdansk and Gdynia, were originally mainly connected to the Polish hinterland and Central European market. They are now becoming new transhipment ports for the regional traffic. It is especially the case for Gdansk which recorded considerable and continued growth in container traffic during the last years. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the activity of the polish container ports and examine their role and position in the Baltic and European container network. This study is based on a literature review and mainly on the analysis of a statistical database as well as using Automatic Identification System data.

3

Numerical simulation of non-linear loading– unloading hysteresis behavior of blood clots

Tashiro Koichiro, Shobayashi Yasuhiro, Hotta Atsushi

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 42, no. 4

1205--1217

EN

The stress-strain characteristics of a clot during loading/unloading mechanical cycles are significant features to assess the underlying mechanisms of thrombectomy, especially when multiple thrombectomy attempts are required. We investigated a damage model to predict loading/unloading response of clots. To study the validity of the model, we tested theoretical models to reproduce the experimentally obtained mechanical characteristics of clots under various conditions. Three types of clot analogs with different red blood cell (RBC) compositions were prepared. Cylindrical clot analogs were formed for the tensile and compression tests. Loading/unloading tests at 80% of strain were conducted, where the material parameters were determined by fitting the results to a theoretical curve combining the damage model and the elasto-plastic constitutive model. Through the computation for theoretical curves, unique characteristics of clots were revealed such that the hysteresis loss rate did not change by varying RBC contents, except for the clot created with 0% RBC composition, under compressive loading. In addition, the plastic strain decreased as the RBC content decreased under tensile loading, whereas it increased as the RBC content decreased under compressive loading. A three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) was employed with the determined parameters. The FEM could accurately reproduce the experimental stress-strain curves for all types of clot analogs and for both loading types up to a strain of 80%. The results indicate that the theoretical model which incorporates and combines the damage model and the elasto-plastic constitutive model is applicable to predict the non-linear stress–strain behavior of clots under loading and unloading.

4

Smart estimation of pollutant emissions from marine transport

Uriasz Janusz, Wolak Aleksander

Annual of Navigation

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2021

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No. 27

17--27

EN

The production and analysis of transport statistics is part of the process of maritime transport management and monitoring. As there is strong need to protect the environment through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by the transport sector, CO2 in particular, it is necessary to assess the emissions of pollutants emitted by sea-going ships. The article presents an intelligent method of estimating pollution volumes based on harmonised sets of data on vessel traffic obtained from the monitoring of the Automatic Identification System and developed artificial intelligence models. The created methods allow estimating emissions of pollutants from individual sea vessels, aggregate pollutant amounts in a selected geographical area, or on a selected route and in port. The data obtained can be visualized for conducting statistical analyses. The work was performed under the TranStat project executed jointly with the Central Statistical Office. "The project financed by the National Centre of Research and Development as part of the program Gospostrateg, Agreement Gospostrateg1/383385/12/NCBR/2018”.

5

Problems with positioning inland vessels on the Western Oder River section between the Długi and the Kolejowy Bridges in Szczecin

Kujawski Artur

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2020

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nr 61 (133)

48--54

EN

The main aim of this article is to present a method to process Inland AIS (automatic identification system) data that is part of RIS (river information services), as well as to synthesize and visualize information obtained from it for further analysis. This article presents problems with imaging the position of inland navigation units in the immediate vicinity of the Długi and Kolejowy Bridges in Szczecin. The passing of 80 inland units on this section of the Western Oder River was analyzed. Data were obtained from the AIS message database and industrial cameras of the RIS Monitoring Centre at the Inland Navigation Office in Szczecin. 35 units were equipped with AIS messaging devices. This article analyzed the data after previous processing, which consisted of selecting appropriate research units and decoding AIS messages recorded in the VDM message type (VHF Data Link Message). Then, the acquired positions of inland navigation units on the map were visualized to calculate the number of errors and their location. The obtained data were used to illustrate the locations of interference during the operation of transmitter-receiver equipment that prevented determining the exact position of inland navigation units in the immediate vicinity of the above-mentioned bridges.

6

Application of radio beacons in SAR operations

Bakota M., Lušić Z., Pušić D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2020

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Vol. 14. no. 3

621--628

EN

This research features an overview of the available PLB technologies, their advantages, shortcomings and areas of their optimum application. A test of the locator transmitter emitting both 406 MHz AIS and 121.5 MHz signals was performed with a focus on tracking the homing 121.5 MHz signal. The efficiency of the homing signal was examined by using two separate radio locating systems. One of them comprised multi-purpose and widely available components and programs, while the other was a specialised radio beacon system with dedicated components. In addition to the results, their analysis and evaluation of efficiency, the paper discusses the applicability of the available PLB technologies and provides guidelines for adequate selection of the PLB devices and position indicating radio equipment.

7

Koncepcja systemu R-Mode Baltic z wykorzystaniem stacji bazowych AIS

Bronk Krzysztof, Januszewska Magdalena, Koncicki Patryk, Niski Rafał, Wereszko Błażej

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

|

2019

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nr 6

257--260, CD

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję systemu R-Mode Baltic budowanego z wykorzystaniem stacji bazowych systemu AIS. Przedstawiono analizę teoretyczną dokładności wyznaczania odległości dla różnych wariantów wiadomości nawigacyjnej. Dodatkowo opisano wykonaną implementację programową a także zaprojektowane stanowiska pomiarowe.

EN

The article presents the concept of the R-Mode Baltic system using AIS base stations. Theoretical analysis of the accuracy of distance determination for different navigation message variants have been described. In addition, the software implementation and the designed test-bed are also depicted.

8

Introduction to coastal HF maritime surveillance radars

Ilcev Dimov Stojce

Polish Maritime Research

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2019

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nr 3

153--162

EN

This paper presents the main technical characteristics and working performances of coastal maritime surveillance radars, such as low-power High-Frequency Surface Wave Radars (HFSWR) and Over the Horizon Radars (OTHR). These radars have demonstrated to be a cost-effective long-range early-warning sensor for ship detection and tracking in coastal waters, sea channels and passages. In this work, multi-target tracking and data fusion techniques are applied to live-recorded data from a network of oceanographic HFSWR stations installed in Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN), Wellen Radar (WERA) in Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), CODAR Ocean Sebsorsin and in the German Bight (North Sea). The coastal Imaging Sciences Research (ISR) HFSWR system, Multi-static ISR HF Radar, Ship Classification using Multi-Frequency HF Radar, Coastal HF radar surveillance of pirate boats and Different projects of coastal HF radars for vessels detecting are described. Ship reports from the Automatic Identification System (AIS), recorded from both coastal and satellite Land Earth Stations (LES) are exploited as ground truth information and a methodology is applied to classify the fused tracks and to estimate system performances. Experimental results for all above solutions are presented and discussed, together with an outline for future integration and infrastructures.

9

Application of clonal selection algorithm for PID controller synthesis of mimo systems in oil and gas industry

Shiryayeva Olga, Samigulin Timur

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2019

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T. 9, nr 3

50--53

EN

This paper presents the results of the Smart technologies application to the synthesis of MIMO-systems in oil and gas industry. In particular, there is considered a multidimensional multiply connected system for gas distillation process control through a distillation column with regulators configured on the basis of Smart-technologies – clonal selection algorithm (CLONALG) of an artificial immune system (AIS).

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania inteligentnych technologii do syntezy systemów MIMO w przemyśle petrochemicznym. W szczególności rozważany jest wielowymiarowy układ sterowania procesem destylacji gazu w kolumnie destylacyjnej z regulatorami skonfigurowanymi na podstawie tzw. inteligentnych technologii – algorytmu doboru klonów (CLONALG) sztucznego układu immunolgicznego (AIS).

10

Cell walls polysaccharides of rose hips

Balcerak Bogumił, Milala Joanna, Kosmala Monika, Matysiak Bożena, Klewicka Elżbieta

Biotechnology and Food Science

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2019

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Vol. 83, nr 2

141--156

EN

The content of alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), polysaccharide composition of cell walls and uronic acids content calculated as galacturonic acid in rose hips (Rosa villosa (Rosa pomifera Herrm) ‘Karpatia', Rosa canina L., Rosa rugosa Thunb.). Rose hips were extracted by means of pectin sequential extraction. Rose achenes contained more alcohol insoluble solids than flesh. The main saccharide building cell walls of rose fruit was glucose from cellulose. The achenes were rich in xylose and the flesh was rich in arabinose. The content of galacturonic acid in flesh was 2 to 3 times higher than in the case of achenes. The largest polysaccharide fraction both in whole fruit and achenes was Concentrated Alkali-Soluble Polysaccharides fraction, while in flesh it was Water Soluble Pectins fraction. Chelating Agent Soluble Pectins fraction was the smallest in the flesh, achenes and the whole hypanthium. Differences in the polysaccharide composition, the content of AIS and galacturonic acid were found, depending on the species of rose hips. In addition, differences in composition were found in the case of wild growing and controlled cultivation hips. Rose hips achenes contain more total dietary fiber than the flesh, but the flesh contains more pectin fraction (soluble dietary fiber) while the achenes contain more cellulose (insoluble dietary fiber).

11

Projekt netBaltic – cele i zaproponowane rozwiązania

Woźniak J., Hoeft M., Gierłowski K., Nowicki K.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2018

|

nr 2-3

31--34

PL

Celem projektu netBaltic było pokazanie realizowalności szerokopasmowej sieci teleinformatycznej na morzu, umożliwiającej wdrożenie wielu nowych usług i aplikacji, w tym aplikacji dedykowanych dla środowisk morskich, zapewniających poprawę bezpieczeństwa i efektywności żeglugi. Prace w ramach projektu były realizowane – przy istotnym finansowaniu przez NCBR w ramach Programu Badań Stosowanych – przez zespoły badawcze z Wydziału ETI Politechniki Gdańskiej, Instytutu Łączności PIB, Instytutu Oceanologii PAN oraz firm DGT LAB S.A. i NavSim Polska sp. z o. o. W trakcie prawie 3-letniego okresu realizacji osiągnięto wszystkie założone cele projektu, włączając w to poszczególne komponenty proponowanej w projekcie architektury, ukierunkowanej na uniwersalność rozwiązań i otwartość na wykorzystanie licznej grupy bezprzewodowych technik dostępowych. W szczególności zaproponowano algorytmy oceny jakości łączy (wykorzystywanych bezprzewodowych technik połączeniowych), zautomatyzowane procedury wyboru najkorzystniejszej techniki połączeniowej wraz z modułami inteligentnego przełączania i zarządzania mobilnością. Opracowano kompletny zestaw mechanizmów umożliwiających utworzenie i utrzymanie samoorganizującej się sieci o transmisji wieloskokowej, wykorzystującej oryginalne algorytmy samoorganizacji i zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa transferu danych, w tym w trudnych warunkach propagacyjnych oraz przy zmiennej topologii sieci. Ponadto opracowano protokoły i komponenty umożliwiające realizację przekazów sporadycznych w sieci o nieciągłej łączności, typu DTN (Delay-Tolerant Networking). Istotnymi wynikami projektu są także wysoce specjalizowane – dedykowane aplikacje usprawniające e-nawigację oraz bezpieczeństwo i efektywność żeglugi. Stworzono też bazy danych do gromadzenia i przetwarzania komunikatów AIS, umożliwiające zarówno bieżącą wizualizację ruchu jednostek, jak też wsparcie eksperckie przy podejmowaniu decyzji rutingowych, w szczególności w kontekście sporadycznej łączności między jednostkami i/lub stacją brzegową. W artykule przedstawiono najistotniejsze innowacyjne wyniki uzyskane w trakcie realizacji szerokopasmowego, heterogenicznego systemu do komunikacji na morzu, umożliwiającego pracę w warunkach zróżnicowanych technologicznie i topologicznie. Wskazano w nim podstawowe moduły węzłów sieci, wraz z ich funkcjonalnościami oraz pozostałe komponenty infrastruktury.

EN

The aim of the netBaltic project was to prove possibility of realization of a broadband ICT network at sea concept, allowing implementation of a range of new services and applications, including applications dedicated to marine environments, which improve safety and efficiency of shipping. Project work was carried out with significant funding from NCRD (National Center for Research and Development) under the Applied Research Program by research teams from the ETI Faculty of the Gdańsk University of Technology, the Institute of Telecommunications, the Institute of Oceanology PAS and the companies of DGT LAB S.A. and NavSim Polska sp. z o. o. During the almost 3-year of design and implementation period, all project objectives were achieved, including the basic components of the proposed architecture, oriented towards the universality of solutions and openness to the use of a large group of wireless access techniques. In particular, algorithms for assessing the quality of links (wireless connection techniques used), automated procedures for selecting the best connection technique together with intelligent switching and mobility management modules have been proposed. A complete set of mechanisms allowing creation and operation of a self-organizing multihop network has been developed, including original algorithms for self-organization and secure data transfer, taking into account changing propagation conditions and variability of network topology. In addition, dedicated protocols and components have been developed that allow the implementation of effective transferring of sporadic messages, typical to DTN (Delay-Tolerant Networking) networks. Significant project results are also highly specialized – dedicated applications that improve e-navigation as well as safety and efficiency of shipping. Also, a database for collecting and processing AIS messages was created, allowing both the current visualization of marine traffic as well as expert support in making routing decisions, in particular in the context of sporadic communication between ships and/or shore stations. This article is a general presentation of a pioneer, broadband heterogeneous system solution, with an indication of the relevant network node modules and other infrastructure components. Subsequent articles in this issue of Telecommunications Review will show the results of the work carried out in the project, indicating also the specific features of the hardware and software used in the integration tests, in the form of an extensive system demonstrator.

12

Morskie systemy lokalizacji śledzenia statków

Korcz K.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2018

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nr 6

475--478, CD

PL

W artykule przedstawi ono systemy ra diowe stosowane do lokalizacji i śledzenia statków mors kich. Opisano najważniejsze właściwości Systemu automatycznej identyfi kacji oraz Systemu dalekosiężnej identyfi kacji i śledzenia statków mors kich. Przepro wadzono także porów nanie ich podstaw owych cech oraz dokonano oceny perspektyw rozwojowych tych systemów.

EN

The article presents the radio systems used for the location and tracking of sea-going vessels. The most important properties of the Auto matic Identification System and the Long Range Identification and Tracking system are described . A comparison of their b asic features w as car ried out and the developm ent perspectives of these systems w ere a ssessed as well.

13

The Electromagnetic Field in the Vicinity of Radio-navigation Systems

Jóźwiak-Michałowska N., Felski A.

Annual of Navigation

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2018

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No. 25

109--124

EN

Today, electromagnetic waves are the basic medium for all communication tasks. This applies also to navigation, where the most commonly waves have lengths measured in centimetres (radar, GPS) and longer, such as the waves used in the AIS or DGPS technologies. Navigators are mostly interested in the communication functionality of the used systems, i.e. such factors as range of the system and signal-to-noise ratio. This leads directly to increasing the transmitters' power. However, it is important to bear in mind that the electromagnetic field can endanger human health, therefore, establishing the level of radiation both on vessels and near the shore transmitters is crucial in this context. The experience of authors shows that the knowledge of the most of navigators hereupon is not large. From this result extremely irresponsible behaviors of one persons, as well as inexplicable phobias others. This article presents the subject using the example of the electromagnetic field present near a lighthouse emitting AIS and DGPS signals. Relevant measurements were made at the Rozewie lighthouse by certified laboratory of Maritime Institute in Gdansk according the polish standards and internal, certified procedures. Results of the measurements were related to the national and European standards for electromagnetic field measurements in the context of occupational health and safety.

PL

Obecnie fale elektromagnetyczne stanowią podstawowe medium komunikacyjne. Stosowane są również w nawigacji, przy czym najczęściej dotyczy to fal centymetrowych (radar i GPS) i dłuższych, na przykład stosowanych w systemach AIS i DGPS. W przypadku nawigacji zwracamy szczególną uwagę na funkcje komunikacyjne, czyli na takie czynniki jak zasięg systemu i stosunek sygnału do szumu. To prowadzi wprost do zwiększania mocy nadajników. Jednakże nie można zapomina o tym, że pole elektromagnetyczne może negatywnie wpływać na ludzkie zdrowie, a więc ustalenie poziomu tego pola, tak na statku jak i w pobliżu instalacji lądowych ma istotne znaczenie. Doświadczenie autorów wskazuje, że wiedza o tych aspektach jest wśród nawigatorów niewielka, co skutkuje niejednokrotnie zachowaniami ryzykownymi jak i nieuzasadnionymi fobiami. W artykule opisano charakterystykę pola elektromagnetycznego występującego na latarni morskiej emitującej sygnały AIS oraz DGPS na podstawie pomiarów wykonanych przez certyfikowane laboratorium Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku, z odniesieniem do przepisów oraz norm krajowych i unijnych.

14

Two-dimensional coordinate estimation for missing automatic identification system (AIS) signals based on the discrete Kalman filter algorithm and universal transverse mercator (UTM) projection

Jaskólski K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2017

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nr 52 (124)

82--89

EN

Due to safety reasons, the movement of a ship in coastal areas should be monitored, tracked, recorded, and stored. The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a suitable tool to use in performing these functions. The probability limit for the AIS dynamic data availability can be limited by the lack of a Global Position System (GPS) signal, heading (HDG), and rate of turn (ROT) data in the position report. The unavailability of a data link is an additional limitation. To fill this gap, it is possible to attach the discrete Kalman filter (KF) for the position and course estimation. Coordinate estimation in the absence of a transmission link can improve the quality of the AIS service at Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) stations. This paper has presented the Kalman filtering algorithm to improve the possibilities for ship motion tracking and monitoring in the TSS (Traffic Separation Scheme) and fairways area. More than 570 iterations were calculated and the results have been presented in figures to familiarize the reader with the operating principle of the Kalman filter algorithm.

15

Automatic Identification System (AIS) dynamic data estimation based on discrete Kalman Filter (KF) algorithm

Jaskólski K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

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2017

|

R. 58 nr 4 (211)

71--87

EN

Due to the safety reason, the ship movement on the littoral area should be monitored, tracked, recorded and stored. Automatic Identification System (AIS) is the perfect tool to ensure this requirement. The limit probability for the AIS dynamic data availability can be limited by the lack of Global Position System (GPS) signal, heading (HDG) and rate of turn (ROT) data in position report. Availability of data link is an additional limitation. For this purpose, it is possible to attach the Discrete Kalman filter (KF) for the position, and course estimation. Coordinate estimation in the absence of a transmission link can improve the quality of AIS service at Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) stations. This article presents Kalman filtering algorithm to improve the possibilities of ship motion tracking and monitoring in the TSS (Traffic Separation Scheme) and fairways area. Only 39 iterations were presented to familiarize how the Kalman filter algorithm works. The archival data from 2006 were used deliberately. During that time, there were problems with the AIS availability service. With the use of measurements series from those years, it is easier to observe the effectiveness of Kalman filter in absence of AIS data.

PL

Dla zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa żeglugi ruch jednostek pływających w rejonie wód wewnętrznych i w strefie przybrzeżnej powinien być monitorowany i rejestrowany, najlepiej w postaci cyfrowej. Doskonałym narzędziem do tego celu jest automatyczny system identyfikacji (AIS). Dostępność danych dynamicznych AIS może zostać jednak zredukowana z powodu braku dostępu do systemów pozycjonowania (GPS) oraz braku danych o kursie (HDG) i prędkości kątowej (ROT) w raportach pozycyjnych. Niedostępność łącza komunikacyjnego w paśmie VHF jest dodatkowym ograniczeniem systemu. W celu estymacji danych dotyczących pozycji i kursu statku w czasie, gdy dane te nie są dostępne, można zastosować dyskretny filtr Kalmana (KF). Estymacja współrzędnych w przypadku braku łącza komunikacyjnego wynikającego z ograniczeń dostępności systemu AIS podnosi jakość serwisu zarządzania ruchem statków (VTS). W artykule zaprezentowano 39 iteracji filtru Kalmana. Celowo zastosowano dane archiwalne z 2006 roku, albowiem w tych rejestracjach występują wyraźne przerwy w strumieniu danych. Rzecz w tym, że efektywność zaproponowanego rozwiązania łatwiej zaobserwować, jeśli zostaną zastosowane serie pomiarowe z okresu, gdy występowały problemy z dostępnością serwisu AIS.

16

Database and bigdata processing system for analysis of AIS messages in the netBaltic research project

Lewczuk M., Cichocki P., Woźniak J.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2017

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Vol. 21, No 4

321--331

EN

A specialized database and a software tool for graphical and numerical presentation of maritime measurement results has been designed and implemented as part of the research conducted under the netBaltic project (Internet over the Baltic Sea – the implementation of a multi-system, self-organizing broadband communications network over the sea for enhancing navigation safety through the development of e-navigation services.) The developed software allows tracing graphs of radio-connections between shore stations and vessels (offshore units), based on historical data including the traffic of ships and their specific parameters collected on the Baltic Sea during the last four years. It also enables preparation of data for network simulation experiments using AIS (Automatic Identification of Ships) and GPS (Global Positioning System) loggers installed on shore stations and vessels, taking into account a number of input parameters, such as: time range, coast station selection, ship flags based on MMSI numbers and types and ranges of possible communication technologies used (WiFi, WiMax, Radwin, LTE,etc.). The created tool has a multi-layer architecture that utilizes the Maria DB SQL database, the Apache2 WEB server, and a number of PHP applications. The runtime environment has been built on Linux Debian version 8 and the HP C7000 cluster of the 16 CPU x86_64 architecture. The modularity of the application allows parallel processing and, therefore, optimization of the computing cluster. The database contains more than 70 million records which enables simulation of various topologies (with multi-hop transmissions) and network operations depending on the transmission techniques being used. The database is fully scalable, and allows easy adding of further data collected during subsequent measurement sessions. Additionally, the use of virtualization tools facilitates the future migration to more efficient processing environments, in case of a significant increase in the volume of data. The data recorded in the database allows calculation of statistics for the surveyed networks, and determining the incidence of potential network nodes (e.g. by flag) complete with their available communication techniques – information which is important in determining structures of possible multi-hop networks and their performance. The software finds routes for datagrams according to accepted criteria and exports results to a network traffic simulator, and as such is an important part of the framework used for planning next measurement campaigns and determining which communications equipment would be more suitable for vessels.

17

Analiza obciążenia interfejsu radiowego, po stronie odbiornika, w segmencie satelitarnym systemu AIS

Waraksa M., Żurek J.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2017

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nr 6

384--387, CD

PL

Satelitarna detekcja sygnałów nadawanych przez statkowe transpondery system Automatycznej Identyfikacji Statków (AIS), jest ze swojej natury wyjątkowo trudnym zagadnieniem. Z uwagi na sposób realizacji dostępu transponderów AIS do medium transmisyjnego - opracowanego z myślą wykorzystania w segmencie naziemnym - detekcja wiadomości AIS na pokładzie satelity wiąże się z poważnymi trudnościami związanymi głównie z kolizjami odebranych wiadomości AIS oraz wpływem zjawiska Dopplera. W prezentowanej pracy autorzy porównują realizację dostępu Self-Organized Time Division Multiple Access (SOTDMA) zaimplementowanego w systemie AIS do powszechnie znanego modelu sieci typu Slotted-Aloha.

EN

Satellite detection of the ship Automatic Identification System (AIS) signals is, by its nature a very difficult task. Due to the implemented into AIS medium access mechanisms – designed for the terrestrial segment applications – a satellite detection of the AIS messages is degenerated due to the number of occurred messages collisions on board satellite, as well as Doppler shift influence. In presented paper an authors compare Self-Organized Time Division Multiple Access (SOTDMA) mechanism implemented into the AIS system with well-known Slotted-Aloha network model.

18

Porównanie parametrów ruchu statków na podstawie obserwacji ARPA i AIS

Stupak T., Wąż M.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

438--441, CD

PL

W artykule przedstawiono badania wektora ruchu prowadzone w laboratorium radarowym Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni, oraz podczas rejsów na statkach. Badano dokładność wyznaczenia położenia statku, kursu, prędkości i odległości najmniejszego zbliżenia wykorzystując radary statkowe oraz dane z Systemu Automatycznej Identyfikacji. Stwierdzono, że dokładność wyznaczania badanych parametrów jest większa niż narzucają wymagania Międzynarodowej Organizacji Morskiej.

EN

This article presents the movement vector research conducted in the radar laboratory of Gdynia Maritime University and during vessel cruises. The precision of designating the vessels' location, course, speed and CPA were researched using on-baord radars and AIS data. It is concluded that the precision of designating the researched parameters is greater than the International Maritime Organization requires.

19

Ocena przydatności wskazań AIS i ARPA do planowania manewru antykolizyjnego

Wawruch R.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 6

1112--1115, CD

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dokładnościowych wskazań przez ARPA i AIS wartości odległości największego zbliżenia (CPA) statku przeciwnego do statku własnego, zrealizowanych na symulatorze radarowo-nawigacyjnym NAVSIM 90. Pomiary przeprowadzono w celu sprawdzenia, czy na urządzeniu symulacyjnym przeznaczonym do szkolenia i egzaminowania pilotów i oficerów statków handlowych można odtworzyć błędy wskazań statkowego AIS wykryte w czasie badań w warunkach rzeczywistych opisanych w pozycji bibliograficznej przywołanej w artykule.

EN

The article presents results of the accuracy tests of indicated by AIS and ARPA closest point of approach (CPA) of the opposite vessel to the own ship, conducted on the radar-navigational simulator NAVSIM 90. The measurements were carried out to verify that the simulator designed for training and examination pilots and officers of merchant ships can reproduce errors of shipboard AIS detected during the researches carried out under real conditions described in the references cited in the article.

20

Internet application to support yacht navigation

Dakus D., Zacniewski A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2016

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nr 46 (118)

68--75

EN

The article presents the implementation of an Internet application that graphically depicts the current situation at sea, with the prospect of being used in maritime applications and the possibility to work on multiple hardware platforms. Modern techniques have been applied in order to allow permanent development of the application and ensure that it is maintenance-free and self-reliant, even in case of unexpected situations. This publication covers the procedure followed to build the application as well as its field and method of operation. Possible usages of the application and tests carried out on many platforms have been presented. Ideas for further development have also been introduced.