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Ecocritical Interpretation of natural and virtual elements in the residential environment. nature in dwelling spaces and its simulacra

Śliwa Agata

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2023

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Vol. 16, no. 4

59--67

EN

The transformed living space as a symptom of culture remains in regulated relation or opposition to nature. Habitation concerns living beings, humans, as well as animals and plants whose well-being requires appropriate conditions that translate into quality of life. Coexistence with nature is essential from the level of satisfying basic physiological needs to higher ones. Contemporary imitations of natural elements are enhanced by information technologies and their incarnated manifestation – the virtual space, which enables substitute solutions – the simulacra. Dwellings have become multidimensional platforms for everyday activities, combining elements of simultaneous natural and virtual worlds. Research includes ecocritical interpretations of the natural world in architecture, exemplified by the design of a dormitory for the campus of the University of California in Santa Barbara. The aim is to indicate the direction of further development of smart residential architecture marked by modern technologies in an ecological context considering the interdependence of human and nature. The conclusions indicate that balanced natural and virtual elements are compatible but not equivalent.

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Church construction and the city in Ukraine after 1990: social and semantic dimensions

Cherkes Bohdan, Linda Svitlana

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2022

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nr 41

15--26

EN

Ukraine’s independence in 1991 changed the direction of society’s development, the most important of which was the revival of the spirituality of the Ukrainian nation, which is connected with thousands of years of religious traditions. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the development of sacred construction in the environment of modern Ukranian cities as an important factor of reviving the nation and building a new national identity. The article analyzes selected realized objects in the residential environment, systematizes architectural prototypes, which architects turn to nowadays in search of a modern image of a sacred building. Based on the methods of comparative, synchronic and semiotic analysis, the significance of new sacred objects for the formation of the image of the city was revealed, and their social and symbolic meanings was also clarified.

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The criterion of access to the sky view in residential environment architectural designing

Pelczarski Zdzisław

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2022

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Vol. 15, no. 4

43--61

EN

Standards specifying the requirements for daylight in shaping the interiors of residential buildings do not cover issues related to visual perception and the role of light as a carrier of images of the outside world. The general recommendations in this regard, given in the 2018 European Lighting Standard can hardly be considered an unambiguous, precise normative regulation. According to the author, the inalienable element of the view through the window is the image of the sky, which is the basic reference in human perception of the space of the external environment. The aim of the research is to identify the main determinants for ensuring access to the sky view from apartments in housing estates with high intensity of development. The analyzes are based on the author's simple graphical research methods capable of simulating the visual perception of images of the external environment space through a window. The key parameter in the analyzes is the vertical viewing angle, called the sky view entry angle. Its minimum value set at 7.5°C is of fundamental importance in shaping the geometric relations between neighbouring buildings. The research results oblige, in the context of the paradigm of sustainable housing development, to recognize the criterion of access to the sky view from residential interiors as a mandatory design guideline.

4

The role of integration of spatial and social effort in the regeneration of residential areas

Olczak Barbara Joanna

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2020

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no. 2

83--92

EN

Regeneration of residential areas, with the main goal to improve the quality of space and life for residents, is often very costly and time-consuming. It is important to direct the regeneration process so that the effort and costs yield the expected results both for those responsible for the actions and residents of the relevant areas. The author has worked in a multidisciplinary team handling spatial and social integration of illegal residential districts in Montevideo Department, Uruguay. It was an opportunity to learn about the governmental scheme and the methods it employed. She participated in several projects at different stages and witnessed the results of the effort. Inspired by the effects of the scheme, she attempted to identify activities that were based on similar assumptions in Poland. The pilot scheme by Ewa Kipta, later transformed into the Lublin Regeneration Scheme, was selected because it reached out to residents at an early stage of implementation. An in-depth analysis indicated that the social factor is important for the identification of the condition of the space and the effort to improve it. Residents took part in determining the directions of activities in their districts when detailed designs were being created and implemented. Regardless of the form of dialogue, the effort led to long-term effects the residents evaluated favourably in both cases.

5

Konserwatywna awangarda. Wiedeńska polityka mieszkaniowa 1920-2005

Giecewicz J.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Seria Architektura

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2008

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nr 6

3--177

PL

Praca jest próbą znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie, co sprawiło, że stolica Austrii, zarządzana od roku 1918 przez wygrywających kolejne wybory socjalistów, znajduje się od wielu lat w pierwszej piątce miast świata o najwyższej jakości życia. Jednym z istotnych czynników wpływających na wysokie oceny Wiednia w porównaniach stolic europejskich, jest niewątpliwie skuteczne rozwiązanie kwestii mieszkaniowej, będącej od zakończenia I wojny światowej nadrzędnym celem polityki władz miejskich. W okresie międzywojennym, wiedeńskie budownictwo mieszkaniowe było kształtowane z zachowaniem pełnego poszanowania dla historycznej tkanki miasta. Rewolucyjne w treści, ale konserwatywne w formie, nowe zespoły mieszkaniowe, długo pozostały niezauważone, wręcz uznane za zacofane, przez kreującą postęp i modernizm Europę. Wieloletnia ciągłość i konsekwencja w prowadzeniu społecznej polityki mieszkaniowej, wysoki stopień interwencji publicznej w rynek budownictwa mieszkaniowego, analizowanie doświadczeń, modyfikowanie reguł w zmiennych warunkach, umiejętne sterowanie eksperymentami urbanistycznymi i architektonicznymi, wpłynęło pozytywnie na dynamiczny, a zarazem harmonijny rozwój całego miasta i pozwoliło na stopniowe wycofywanie surowych restrykcji i regulacji. Wypracowany został model, oparty na nieobecnych w innych miastach założeniach: tereny miejskie i mieszkania nie są zwykłym towarem na rynku, system zamieszkiwania jest najważniejszą infrastrukturą społeczną w mieście i jest traktowany jako wyższa użyteczność publiczna, miasto jest największym dysponentem nieruchomości, własność mieszkania nie jest stawiana wyżej niż najem. Czy obecnie, kiedy toczy się dyskusja o roli i strategiach planowania w kształtowaniu zrównoważonego rozwoju miast, prospołeczny model wiedeński może być widziany jako awangardowy?

EN

This study attempts to explain why the Austrian capital, governed since 1918 by regularly reelected socialists, belongs to the top five cities as regards quality of life. In comparison with other European cities, one important reason for Vienna's high ranking is the unquestionably efficient solution to the housing problem, which has been the primary goal of the city government since the end of the First World War. From the 1920's, on Viennese housing policies were designed to blend in with the historic texture of the city. Revolutionary in content, but conservative in form, the new housing complexes long stood unnoticed, when they were not considered as backward, by the rest of Europe, obsessed with the idea of progress. The new socialist municipality of impoverished city was able in 15 years to build flats, collective facilities and services that transformed the living conditions of working class 70000 families. In this period of great achievements, called Red Vienna, the basis for social housing policies have been shaped, social cohesion promoted and the distinction between public and private space blurred. Long standing perseverance and continuity of the social housing policy, a high level of public intervention into the housing construction market, experience analysis, modifications of the policy adapting to changing conditions, as well as goal-oriented urban planning and architectural experiments have had a positive impact on the city as a whole, making its development both dynamic and harmonious. Positive results of these policies have also enabled a gradual reduction of the strict regulations initially implemented. The vienniese paradigm is based on assumptions absent in other cities: municipal terrain and housing are not goods on the free market, the housing system is the most important infrastructure in the city and is treated consequently as a high level public utility, the city disposes of most of the real estate, and rental housing is not considered as less desirable than ownership. Can this Viennese social/rental model be seen as avant-garde for today mobile societies, as the role of planning strategies in shaping a better city is once again a top issue?

6

Habitat XX wieku

Soehrich A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Architektura / Politechnika Śląska

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2000

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z. 38

127-137

PL

Przedmiotem opracowania jest analiza optymalnego środowiska mieszkalnego rozpatrywanego pod kątem tradycji, uwarunkowań behawioralnych, cech kulturowych i indywidualnych potrzeb człowieka. Celem habitatu definiowanego poprzez trzy główne nurty: komunitaryzm, nową urbanistykę i architekturę ekologiczną, przy uwzględnieniu przemian zachodzących w XX wieku, jest stworzenie koncepcji środowiska mieszkaniowego, pozostającego w zgodzie z naturą, otoczeniem, kulturą i psychiką człowieka.

EN

The study analyses the optimal housing environment in the context of tradition, behavioural conditions, cultural characteristics and individual needs of human being. The aim of a habitat - defined by three main trends: community life, new urban design and ecological architecture - taking into consideration the changes occurring in the 20th century, is to create a conception of housing environment, which is in harmony with nature, the surroundings, culture and the human psyche.

7

Analiza kryteriów oceny terenów mieszkalnych współczesnych aglomeracji miejskich na przykładzie GOP

Kujawska M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Architektura / Politechnika Śląska

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2000

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z. 38

45-50

PL

Zainteresowanie problematyką oddziaływania środowiska mieszkalnego na jego użytkowników narasta od dawna, a pytanie o doświadczenia i przeżycia mieszkańców w odbiorze środowiska mieszkalnego nurtowało wielu teoretyków architektury i socjologów. Poniższe opracowanie stanowi próbę zebrania różnych teorii badawczych zajmujących się stylem i jakością życia, zjawiskami ekspresji i symboliki miejskiej.

EN

Interest in issues of housing environment's effect on its users has been growing for a long time, and the question about the inhabitants experiences in the milieu of the housing environment has engaged several theoreticians of architecture and sociologists. This study is an attempt to gather different research theories dealing with the style and quality of life, the phenomena of expression and ur