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1

Przebudowa mostu w Krzyżowicach z uwagi na znaczne górnicze osiadania terenu

Bętkowski Piotr

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2023

|

R. 94, nr 7-8

75--79

PL

W artykule opisano historię techniczną mostu w Krzyżowicach. Obiekt intensywnie osiadał, ale brak było istotnych przemieszczeń na łożyskach. Górnicze osiadanie terenu spowodowało znaczne zmniejszenie światła pionowego, tj. obniżenie mostu względem zwierciadła rzeki, konieczna była przebudowa mostu. Po przebudowie mostu wydłużono ściany górnicze poza obiekt, w krótkim czasie doszło do znacznych zmian w położeniu przyczółków. W artykule opisano starą konstrukcję mostu, nową konstrukcję mostu, podano wyniki długoletnich obserwacji i pomiarów oraz wskazano, jak należy projektować zabezpieczenia na wpływy górnicze w przypadku nietypowych wymuszeń górniczych.

EN

Article describes the technical history of a bridge in Krzyżowice. The object settled intensively, but there were no significant displacements on the bridge bearings. Mining subsidence caused a significant reduction in vertical light, i.e. lowering the bridge in relation to the river level, it was necessary to rebuild this bridge. After the reconstruction of the bridge, mining walls were extended beyond the object, in a short time there were significant changes in the position of the abutments. The article describes old bridge construction, new bridge construction, gives the results of long-term observations and measurements, and indicates how to design protection against mining influences in the case of unusual mining impacts.

2

Investigation of parameters for fault detection of worm gear box using denoise vibration signature

Barshikar Raghavendra, Baviskar Prasad, Ghongade Harshvardhan, Dond Dipak, Bhadre Anjali

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 28, no. 4

43--53

EN

In industrial applications, worm gearboxes are a key element. In a worm gearbox, as the material of a worm wheel is softer than that of a worm screw, the worm wheel gear is vulnerable to failure through various modes like pitting, wearing out, or tooth breakage during the sliding process. Due to this, it is essential to monitor the failure of the worm wheel gear of the worm gearbox, and it has gained importance for the diagnosis of faults in gearboxes. The present work focuses on the investigation of the effect of worm wheel tooth breakage, worm wheel bearing outer race, and varying load on vibration signature amplitude and frequency domain statistical features such as root mean square (RMS), crest factor, kurtosis, mean, peak to peak, skewness, sample variance, and standard deviation. The experimental setup is fabricated to conduct the experimental trials. An OR34 FFT analyzer with NVGate software is used to acquire the frequency domain vibration signature. Experimental results show that captured vibration signature amplitude for healthy worm wheel and bearing increased as fault occurred on the worm wheel, and bearing and frequency domain statistical features value changed with the change in fault location in the worm gearbox.

3

Numerical investigation on the vibration reduction of rotating shaft using different groove shapes of tilt bearing

Abbood Ahmed Imad, Abdulla Fadhel Abbas

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 3

art. no. 2023304

EN

Vibration control is very important for high-speed rotors. Oil film damping is considered an effective vibration-damping method, especially for long shafts in gas turbines, ships, and other high-speed rotating equipment. The existing groove in the internal surface of the tilt bearing increases the amount of oil that flows through the bearing; this is more effective in suppressing the vibration of the rotor system carried by the plain bearing. In order to suppress the vibration of the rotor system, which is supported by sliding bearings, a different groove-shaped oil flow (GSOF) is studied and analysed in this paper. A different shape of grooves in bearings was set up and measured to study the vibration-damping effect of the flow oil shape with GSOF. ANSYS software presents significant benefits to engage Fluent for oil flow with Transient structural for vibration measurements. This paper uses these terms to perform the simulation numerically to explore the groove-shaped damper's damping effect under the rotor system. The study identified three enhancements of vibration and settling time. First, the circular groove showed a 35.71% reduction in amplitude and 10% increase in stilling time; the next one is the circular groove which reduced the amplitude by 42.85% and the settling time by 0%. The third modification was the inclined groove which reduced the amplitude by 42.85% and the settling time by 12%. The last one was the triple-inclined groove, which reduced the amplitude and settling time by 57.14% and 20%, respectively.

4

Elastohydrodynamic analysis of a journal bearing with different grade oils considering thermal and cavitation effects using CFD-FSI

Kadhim Zainab H., Hammed Lekaa, Rahima Fatima A., Ridha Ali Mohammed

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 2

art. no. 2023213

EN

This paper investigates a three-dimensional CFD analysis of hydrodynamic journal bearing performance for two different available types of lubricants, SEA 10W50 and SEA 15W40, considering thermal, elastic deformation, and cavitation effects. A 3-dimensional CFD model founded on continuity, momentum, energy, in addition elasticity equations has been implemented. The analysis is performed for a bearing with different journal speeds (1000-3000rpm) and eccentricity ratios (0.1-0.9). The cavitation effect was considered using the model of Zwart-Gerber-Balamri multiphase flow model. The bearing material elastic deformation was considered by implementing the two-way FSI technique through ANSYS-FLUENT 2019 R2. A comparative study of the oil film temperature, thermal pressure, also the load capacity by the bearing has been performed. By comparing the current work's oil film temperature results with those obtained by Ferron et al (1983), with a maximum deviation between the results not exceeding 3 percent, the mathematical model was validated. The findings demonstrate that, once the cavitation consequence is taken into account, the lubricant film pressure decreases. Furthermore, at what time the bearing rotates at greater eccentricity ratios and rotational speeds, more deformation material of the bearing is seen. The current research may help in predicting the bearing performance parameters in real-world situations.

5

Detection of defects in a bearing by analysis of vibration signals

Bouaouiche Karim, Menasria Yamima, Khalifa Dalila

Diagnostyka

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, No. 2

art. no. 2023203

EN

This work presents the analysis of vibration signals by an approach consists of several mathematical tools more elaborate such as the Hilbert transform, kurtogram, which allows the detection of vibration defects in a simple and accurate way. The steps or methods inserted in the process one complementary to the other as scalar indicators generally used in monitoring to follow the evolution of the functioning of a machine when an abnormal functioning it must make a diagnosis to detect the failing element through the use of a process. The determination of the defective organs at an optimal time is a very important operation in the industrial maintenance, which keeps the equipment in a good condition and ensures the assiduity of work. To see the effectiveness of fault detection by the proposed approach by analyzing the real vibration signals of a bearing type 6025-SKF available on the Case Western Reserve University platform.

6

Detection and diagnosis of bearing defects using vibration signal processing

Bouaouiche Karim, Menasria Yamina, Khalfa Dalila

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

|

2023

|

LXX, nr 3

433--452

EN

This work presents an analysis of vibration signals for bearing defects using a proposed approach that includes several methods of signal processing. The goal of the approach is to efficiently divide the signal into two distinct components: a meticulously organized segment that contains relatively straightforward information, and an inherently disorganized segment that contains a wealth of intricately complex data. The separation of the two component is achieved by utilizing the weighted entropy index (WEI) and the SVMD algorithm. Information about the defects was extracted from the envelope spectrum of the ordered and disordered parts of the vibration signal. Upon applying the proposed approach to the bearing fault signals available in the Paderborn university database, a high amplitude peak can be observed in the outer ring fault frequency (45.9 Hz). Likewise, for the signals available in XJTU-SY, a peak is observed at the fault frequency (108.6 Hz).

7

Application for vibration diagnostics

Stakhova Anzhelika

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2022

|

T. 12, nr 3

46--49

EN

This paper considers the issue of developing an application for vibration diagnostics of bearings of functional pairs of critical structures, this application should help in monitoring and diagnosing bearings, using vibration signals, without disassembling the functional unit itself. It is known that vibration diagnostics is effective and there is a tendency to reduce the cost of its implementation. Monitoring and diagnostics based on vibration parameters can be applied at any time, even after several years of equipment operation, when the costs of preventive maintenance and repair will exceed the economically justified value. Also, in the work, the basics of the subject area for the development of mobile applications are considered, and a review of existing solutions is made. Requirements for the application for performing vibration diagnostics are formulated. The architecture is designed and the data description for the application of vibration diagnostics is carried out.

PL

W artykule poruszono problematykę opracowania aplikacji do diagnostyki wibracyjnej łożysk par funkcjonalnych konstrukcji krytycznych, która to aplikacja powinna pomóc w monitorowaniu i diagnozowaniu łożysk z wykorzystaniem sygnałów wibracyjnych, bez demontażu samego zespołu funkcjonalnego. Wiadomo, że diagnostyka wibracyjna jest skuteczna i istnieje tendencja do obniżania kosztów jej wykonania. Monitoring i diagnostyka na podstawie parametrów drgań może być stosowana w dowolnym momencie, nawet po kilku latach eksploatacji urządzeń, gdy koszty obsługi prewencyjnej i napraw przekroczą ekonomicznie uzasadnioną wartość. W pracy rozważane są również podstawy tematyki tworzenia aplikacji mobilnych oraz dokonywany jest przegląd istniejących rozwiązań. Sformułowano wymagania dla aplikacji do wykonywania diagnostyki wibracyjnej. Zaprojektowano architekturę i wykonano opis danych dla aplikacji diagnostyki wibracyjnej.

8

Effect of lubricant compressibility and variable viscosity on the performance of three-lobe journal bearing

Mahdi Mushrek A., Abass Basim Ajeel

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2022

|

LXIX, nr 2

203–-219

EN

Different configurations of journal bearings have been extensively used in turbo- machinery and power generating equipment. Three-lobe bearing is used due to its lower film temperature and stable operation. In this study, static performance of such a bearing has been investigated at different eccentricity ratios considering lubricant compressibility and variable viscosity. The effect of variable viscosity was considered by taking the viscosity as a function of the oil film thickness while Dowson model is used to consider the effect of lubricant compressibility. The effect of such parameters was considered to compute the oil film pressure, load-carrying capacity, attitude an- gle and oil side leakage for a bearing working at (ε from 0.6 to 0.8) and (viscosity coefficient from 0 to 1). The mathematical model as well as the computer program prepared to solve the governing equations were validated by comparing the pressure distribution obtained in the present work with that obtained by EL-Said et al. A good agreement between the results has been observed with maximum deviation of 3%. The obtained results indicate a decrease in oil film pressure and load-carrying capacity with the higher values of viscosity coefficient while the oil compressibility has a little effect on such parameters.

9

Methods for assessing the technical condition of bearing hubs in means of transport

Stanik Zbigniew, Kubik Andrzej, Hadryś Damian, Csiszár Csaba

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

|

z. 113

191--204

EN

This article presents two methods of testing bearing hubs, which may supplement the existing subjective and unreliable methods of diagnostics of rolling bearings used in wheel bearing hubs of motor vehicles and other means of road transport. One of the most important elements responsible for the safety of a vehicle is the bearing hub. Regular monitoring of the technical condition of bearings should become an obligation at vehicle inspection stations when carrying out a technical inspection of a vehicle, authorising it to travel on public roads. This article presents the results of vehicle tests with signs of damage to rolling bearings, using two test stands: one on which the dynamic balancer acted as a device for accelerating the wheel, and the other, which was designed as a test dedicated to automotive rolling bearings, where a dynamic weighbridge was used as the wheel drive, made it impossible to test the wheel at lower rotational speeds. The newly designed and manufactured bearing testing device eliminates the disadvantages of the previous stand, and additionally, enables the measurement of a fully loaded bearing hub, which enables the simulation of real operating conditions on the bearing hub.

10

Impact of selected operational parameters on measures of technical condition of rolling bearings in means of transport built based on analysis of vibration signals

Kubik Andrzej, Stanik Zbigniew, Hadryś Damian, Csiszár Csaba

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2021

|

z. 111

89--98

EN

This article presents an innovative method of diagnostics of rolling bearings used in the bearing nodes of motor vehicles, with the use of a prototype specialist stand. The tests were carried out based on a developed research plan, which included the impact of damage to the bearing and tyre of the vehicle, as well as the vehicle speed. Vibration accelerations were recorded in three measurement axes. Signal spectra were created based on the time courses of the vibration signals and were further analysed. The presented method is aimed at detecting excessive wear of rolling bearings in wheels from its early period.

11

Method of Measuring Frictional Resistance In Pendular Motion

Opałka Mariusz

Tribologia

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2021

|

nr 1

15--19

EN

This paper presents a methodology for conducting tribological sliding tests based on decaying vibrations in pendular motion. The proposed method of determining the (averaged) coefficient of friction in pendular motion is based on measuring the potential kinetic energy. The method is characterized by a short measuring time and enables a quick comparison of the friction coefficients of different materials.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodykę prowadzenia badań tribologicznych materiałów ślizgowych na podstawie drgań gasnących w ruchu wahadłowym. Zaproponowana metoda wyznaczania współczynnika tarcia (uśrednionego) w ruchu wahadłowym opiera się na pomiarze energii potencjalno-kinetycznej. Zaproponowana metoda cechuje się krótkim czasem prowadzenia pomiarów oraz umożliwia szybkie porównanie współczynników tarcia dla różnych materiałów.

12

Modeling and analysis of the stress-strain state of robotic systems

Khayrnasov Kamil

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

|

R. 97, nr 8

66--69

EN

The paper considers the methodology for modeling and analyzing the performance of a robotic system: multi-stage semi-natural simulation stand designed to simulate the flight characteristics of guidance systems in ground conditions. The results of the calculation showed that the use of a composite material gives advantages over the traditionally used materials for the manufacture of such stands: magnesium alloys, due to the high specific strength of the composite material.

PL

W artykule rozważono metodykę modelowania i analizy działania systemu robotycznego: wieloetapowe półnaturalne stanowisko symulacyjne przeznaczone do symulacji charakterystyk lotu systemów naprowadzania w warunkach naziemnych. Wyniki obliczeń wykazały, że zastosowanie materiału kompozytowego daje przewagę nad tradycyjnie stosowanymi materiałami do produkcji takich stojaków: stopami magnezu, ze względu na wysoką wytrzymałość właściwą materiału kompozytowego.

13

Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Temperature on the Friction Resistance of a Metal-Polymer Sliding Pair

Opałka Mariusz, Kowalewski Piotr, Ptak Anita

Tribologia

|

2020

|

nr 4

17--26

EN

The paper presents numerical calculations of polymer sliding bearings during their operation at low temperatures. Calculations of the frictional moment and the contact area were performed for bearing pans made of PA and PEEK. In the numerical model, the influence of temperature on the mechanical properties (modulus of longitudinal elasticity) and tribological properties (coefficient of friction) were taken into account. The diversified influence of the temperature and thickness of the polymer bearing pans was demonstrated with regards to elements made of different polymer materials. At low temperatures (up to T = -50°C), a different (depending on the used polymer) influence of mechanical and tribological properties on the resistance to motion was found. The ABAQUS calculation package and the finite element method (FEM) were used in the calculations

PL

W pracy przedstawiono obliczenia numeryczne polimerowych łożysk ślizgowych podczas pracy w niskiej temperaturze. Obliczenia momentu tarcia oraz powierzchni styku wykonano dla panewek wykonanych z PA i PEEK. W modelu numerycznym uwzględniono wpływ temperatury na własności mechaniczne (moduł sprężystości podłużnej) oraz właściwości tribologiczne (współczynnika tarcia). Wykazano zróżnicowany wpływ temperatury oraz grubości panewki polimerowej dla elementów wykonanych z różnych materiałów polimerowych. W niskiej temperaturze (do T = -50°C) stwierdzono zróżnicowany (w zależności od zastosowanego polimeru) wpływ cech mechanicznych i tribologicznych na opory ruchu. Do obliczeń z zastosowaniem metody elementów skończonych (MES) wykorzystano pakiet ABAQUS do obliczeń.

14

A Comparison of Wear Properties of Water Lubricated NBR and PTFE Sliding Bearings

Piątkowska Ewa

Tribologia

|

2019

|

nr 1

29--35

EN

The excessive wear of a journal shaft can be caused by many factors, for example, working conditions (e.g., temperaturę, slip speed, the type of lubricant), pressure, the type of material used on the bearings and shafts and their roughness, as well as contamination remaining in the system. This paper presents the roughness profiles co-operating with a rubber (NBR) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bushes. The conditions of cooperation between the two materials tested in the sliding combination with the stainless steel journal were the same in each pair of bearings (PV); therefore, the comparison of their wear depends only on the material properties of the bush and the deformation of the journal shaft caused by the bending moment. To assess the size of the journal shaft, they were tested using a profilograph. In addition to the journal shaft, bearings were also evaluated, the wear level of which was noticed without the use of specialized equipment.

PL

Nadmierne zużycie czopa wału okrętowego może być spowodowane wieloma czynnikami, np. warunkami pracy (temperatura, prędkość poślizgu, naciski, rodzaj czynnika smarnego), rodzajem materiału zastosowanego na panwie łożysk i czopy wałów oraz ich chropowatością, a także zanieczyszczeniami dostającymi się do układu. W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostały profile chropowatości czopa wału okrętowego pracującego w panwi wykonanej z gumy (NBR) oraz z politetrafluoroetylenu (PTFE). Warunki współpracy obu badanych materiałów w skojarzeniu ślizgowym z nierdzewnym czopem były jednakowe w każdej parze łożysk (PV), dlatego też porównanie stopnia ich zużycia zależy jedynie od własności materiału panwi oraz deformacji czopa wywołanej momentem zginającym. W celu oceny wielkości zużycia czopów zostały one poddane badaniu za pomocą profilografometru. Poza czopem wału ocenie poddane zostały również panwie łożysk, których stopień zużycia dostrzegalny był bez użycia specjalistycznego sprzętu.

15

Monitorowanie i diagnostyka łożysk w turbinach parowych

Nowicki Ryszard

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2019

|

nr 4

28--34

PL

W artykule omówiono współcześnie obowiązujące zasady poprawności instalacji czujników umożliwiające realizację jakościowo możliwie najlepszych pomiarów dla sygnałów pozyskiwanych z tych czujników. W przypadku licznych turbozespołów pracujących w kraju (łącznie z tymi najnowszymi) opisane w artykule zasady są mniej lub bardziej naruszone.

16

Inertia effects in a multilobe conical bearing lubricated with a couple stress fluid

Walicka A., Walicki E., Jurczak P.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 24, no. 2

439--451

EN

In this paper, a multilobe conical bearing is analyzed. A lubricant modelled by a couple stress fluid flows In the bearing clearance . The Galerkin method is used to determine the mechanical parameters of multilobe journal bearings. An example of a two-lobe conical bearing is discussed in detail. The inertia of the flowing lubricant is taken into account in the analysis. It has been found that the increase of the couple stress generates an increase the pressure in the clearance.

17

Analysis, evaluation and monitoring of the characteristic frequencies of pneumatic drive unit and its bearing through their corresponding frequency spectra and spectral density

Castilla-Gutiérrez Javier, Carlos Fortes Juan, Pulido-Calvo Inmaculada

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

|

2019

|

Vol. 21, no. 4

585--591

EN

This article shows the results of the study of the characteristic frequencies of pneumatic drive equipment and its suspension bearing. The analysis approaches one of the most important requirements of the industrial sector, which seeks to be recognised by the efficiency and performance of its equipment when compared to its coming economic competitors. For data collection and we have followed the ISO 10816 standards, thus using the values of speed in RMS, aiming to reduce the masking of these signals that occurs depending on whether they are high or low frequencies. The study will respond to one of the most important requirements found in the predictive and preventive control of industrial sites. The problem of the predictive systems of maintenance of equipment with bearings lies in the number of monitoring and analysis points that generate a high cost in time and human resources. The aim will be to determine which of all the study frequencies is the most significant and in which position and measurement axis has the biggest impact. To do this, we will analyse the rotation frequency of the blowing machine, the resulting frequency of all the frequencies, the frequency of the impulsion blades and finally the frequency of the bearing. The study would be able to predict when our equipment is going to suffer a failure, reducing the control points and the cost.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań częstotliwości charakterystycznych napędu pneumatycznego i wchodzącego w jego skład łożyska zawieszenia. Analiza przybliża jedno z najważniejszych wymagań sektora przemysłowego, w którym dąży się do tego by wyróżniać się na tle konkurencji sprawnością i wydajnością urządzeń. Przy zbieraniu danych postępowaliśmy zgodnie ze normą ISO 10816, wykorzystując średnie prędkości kwadratowe, co pozwoliło zmniejszyć maskowanie sygnałów, które występuje w zależności od tego, czy mamy do czynienia z wysokimi czy niskimi częstotliwościami. Badanie stanowi odpowiedź na jeden z najważniejszych wymogów w zakresie kontroli predykcyjnej i prewencyjnej obiektów przemysłowych. Problemem systemów konserwacji predykcyjnej sprzętu, w którego skład wchodzą łożyska jest duża ilość punktów kontrolnych, które generują wysokie koszty jeśli chodzi o czas i zasoby ludzkie. Celem pracy było określenie, które ze wszystkich badanych częstotliwości są najistotniejsze oraz dla których częstotliwości pozycja i oś pomiaru mają największe znaczenie. W tym celu przeanalizowano częstotliwość obrotową analizowanej dmuchawy, częstotliwość wynikową wszystkich częstotliwości, częstotliwość łopatek oraz częstotliwość łożyska.

18

Methods of research of foil bearings in START-STOP cycle in the presence of working medium

Moczulak Bartosz, Miąskowski Wojciech

Agricultural Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 23, No. 4

41--51

EN

A method for testing sliding bearings with an elastic bearing liner was presented in the paper with a focus on the issue of selection of particular time intervals of the START-STOP test cycle. Then, results of the tests carried out according to the selected material combinations were presented. The working cycle of foil bearings tested on the test stand was performed in an automatic mode at the set number of sequences startwork-rundown-stop. Due to the highest use of sliding bearings during start and rundown of a machine, this type of tests is essential for selection of relevant sets of material for bearing elements. The article also presents the use of a thermo-visual camera for identification of additional thermal loads and manners of temperature stabilization in the test chamber.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodykę badań łożysk ślizgowych z elastyczną panwią, skupiając się na zagadnieniu doboru poszczególnych przedziałów czasowych cyklu badań typu START-STOP. Następnie zaprezentowano wyniki badań przeprowadzonych według przyjętej metodyki dla wybranych par materiałowych. Cykl pracy testowanych łożysk foliowych na stanowisku badawczym przeprowadzony był w trybie automatycznym przy zadanej liczbie sekwencji rozruch-praca-wybieg-przerwa. Ze względu na największe zużycie łożysk ślizgowych podczas rozruchu i wybiegu maszyn, badania tego typu są kluczowe w doborze odpowiednich zestawów materiałów na elementy łożysk. W artykule przedstawiono również wykorzystanie kamery termowizyjnej do identyfikacji źródeł dodatkowych obciążeń termicznych oraz wskazano sposoby stabilizacji temperatury w komorze badawczej.

19

Systemy centralnego sterowania

Peruń G.

Utrzymanie Ruchu

|

2018

|

Nr 2

28--33

PL

Brak zapewnienia prawidłowego smarowania jest przyczyną skrócenia czasu poprawnej pracy maszyn i urządzeń, prowadzi w konsekwencji do ich awarii i wystąpienia przestojów. Problematyka zapewnienia poprawnego smarowania dotyczy zwłaszcza takich elementów urządzeń, w których smar jest niezbędny, aby zapobiec nadmiernemu zużyciu czy też zatarciu, jak na przykład łożyska.

20

Experimental studies for bearings degradation monitoring at an early stage using analysis of variance

Zarour D., Meziani S., Thomas M.

Diagnostyka

|

2018

|

Vol. 19, No. 4

81--87

EN

This work presents a procedure for bearing degradation monitoring at an early stage. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) coupled with Tukey’s test is used to single out the suitable parameters to follow the fault size evolution ranging from 50 µm to 150µm. The Tukey's criterion is adopted in this case to study the ability of time and frequency indicators. The rotational speed, centrifugal load and fault size are considered as independent variables while the time and frequency indicators are taken as dependent variables. The experiments are performed on bearings having a fault on outer race. Based on the results of this study, the Kurtosis and Skewness show a good ability to assess the evolution of degradation in the bearings at an early stage. The paper discusses the weakness of the time and frequency indicators.