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Infrared Imaging as a Non-Destructive Testing Method for Geopolymer Concrete

Kusbiantoro Andri, Ismail Amalina Hanani, Jema’in Sri Khatijah, Muthusamy Khairunisa, Zainal Farah Farhana

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 3

1047--1052

EN

Non-destructive testing (NDT) is generally used to estimate the compressive strength of concrete material without compromising its structural integrity. However, the available testing methods on the market have particular limitations that may restrict the accuracy of the results. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a new technique for measuring the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete using infrared imaging analysis and Thermal Diameter Variation (TDV) rate. The compressive strength range was designed within the target strength of 20, 30 and 40 MPa. The infrared image was captured on the preheated concrete surface using FLIR-ONE infrared camera. Based on the correlation between TDV rate and compressive strength, higher accuracy was obtained in the orange contour with an R2 of 0.925 than in the red contour with an R2 of 0.8867. It is apparent that infrared imaging analysis has excellent reliability to be used as an alternative NDT by focusing on the warmer region during the procedure.

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Influence of Salinity of Mixing Water Towards Physical and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete

Razak Rafiza Abd, Yen Ng Khai, Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Yahya Zarina, Mohamed Rosnita, Muthusamy Khairunisa, Jusoh Wan Amizah Wan, Nabiałek Marcin, Jeż Bartłomiej

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 3

1041--1045

EN

Dramatic population and economic growth result in increasing demand for concrete infrastructure, which leads to an increment of freshwater demand and a reduction of freshwater resources. However, freshwater is a finite resource, which means that freshwater will be used up someday in the future when freshwater demand keeps increasing while freshwater resources are limited. Therefore, replacing freshwater with seawater in concrete blending seems potentially beneficial for maintaining the freshwater resources as well as advantageous alternatives to the construction work near the sea. There have been few experimental research on the effect of blending water salt content on the mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete, particularly high-strength concrete. Therefore, a research study on the influence of salt concentration of blending water on the physical and mechanical properties of high-strength concrete is necessary. This study covered the blending water salinity, which varied from 17.5 g/L to 52.5 g/L and was determined on the physical and mechanical properties, including workability, density, compressive strength, and flexural strength. The test results indicate that the use of sea salt in blending water had a slight negative influence on both the workability and the density of high strength concrete. It also indicates that the use of sea salt in blending water had a positive influence on both the compressive strength and the flexural strength of high-strength concrete in an earlystage.

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A Potential Environmental Sustainability of Wood Ash in Normal and Geopolymer Concrete – A Review

Nura Isa Muhammad, Awang Hanizam, Muthusamy Khairunisa

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 4

1--20

EN

The production of cement for concrete has led to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere, which has contributed to global warming. Moreover, the excessive amount of industrial waste from biomass energy production landfilled in our environments is continuously causing sustainability challenges. However, several studies were carried out to ascertain the possibilities of using these waste materials in concrete production to address the cement and waste disposal sustainable issues simultaneously. The present study reviewed multiple studies that were carried out on wood ash (WA) application in both normal and geopolymer concrete with an emphasis on fresh, hardened, and durability properties. WA effects as a pozzolanic material are summarized for its application in mortar/concrete production. WA can be used to replace cement in mortar/concrete at up to 20% replacement level, similarly, in geopolymer production, it was revealed that WA can be effectively utilized to replace ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) or pulverized fly ash (PFA) at up to 50% replacement level. The sustainability impacts of WA utilization in concrete production were presented and discussed. Results of these findings revealed its suitability as supplementary cementitious material, but still there exists a gap in its utilization in geopolymer concrete.

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Compressive strength and durability of foamed concrete incorporating Processed Spent Bleaching Earth

Othman Rokiah, Muthusamy Khairunisa, Sulaiman Mohd Arif, Duraisamy Youventharan, Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra, Wei Chong Beng, Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Mangi Sajjad Ali, Nabiałek Marcin, Śliwa Agata

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 2

627--643

EN

Foamed concrete incorporating processed spent bleaching earth (PSBE) produces environmentally friendly foamed concrete. Compressive strength, porosity, and rapid chloride penetration tests were performed to investigate the potential application for building material due to its low density and porous concrete. Laboratory results show that 30% PSBE as cement replacement in foamed concrete produced higher compressive strength. Meanwhile, the porosity of the specimen produced by 30% PSBE was 45% lower than control foamed concrete. The porosity of foamed concrete incorporating PSBE decreases due to the fineness of PSBE that reduces the volume of void space between cement and fine aggregate. It was effectively blocking the pore and enhances the durability. Consistently, the positive effect of incorporating of PSBE has decreased the rapid chloride ion permeability compared to that control foamed concrete. According to ASTM C1202-19 the foamed concrete containing 30% PSBE was considered low moderate permeability based on its charge coulombs value of less than 4000. Besides, the high chloride ion permeability in foamed concrete is because the current quickly passes through the specimen due to its larger air volume. In conclusion, incorporating PSBE in foamed concrete generates an excellent pozzolanic effect, producing more calcium silicate hydrate and denser foamed concrete, making it greater, fewer voids, and higher resistance to chloride penetration.