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Effect of annealing on the microstructure and properties of IN 625 specimens manufactured by selective laser melting

Sitek Ryszard, Ciftci Jakub, Moszczyńska Dorota, Maj Piotr, Ura-Bińczyk Ewa, Warzybok Piotr, Cieślik Iwona, Wiśniewski Paweł, Mizera Jarosław

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2022

Vol. 22, no. 4

art. no. e207, 2022

The study examines the effect of the annealing on the microstructure, tensile strength (small flat dog-bone specimen size with 5 mm dimension of measuring base) and corrosion resistance of IN 625 nickel superalloy specimens manufactured by means of selective laser melting method (SLM). The annealing of such specimens was carried out in a chamber furnace in a protective atmosphere of argon at a temperature of 1038 °C for 1 h. The cooling process was carried out in an atmosphere of air at ambient temperature. The microstructure of the IN 625 nickel superalloy after the 3D printing process and after the post-process heat treatment (HT) was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results showed a uniform microstructure after the SLM process with element microsegregation. The cooling rate in the heat treatment was not sufficient which caused precipitation at the grain boundaries, most probably carbides and resulted in only a partial increase in ductility much lower than that of the material in initial state despite the high temperature applied during the annealing. The strength in the HT was on a level comparable to as-build state, 852 MPa and 891 MPa, respectively. Additional corrosion resistance tests were performed by the potentiodynamic method in a 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. HT increased the current density variation from ipass due to the formed precipitates. Our studies show that the size effect is an important factor when assessing the properties of IN 625 obtained using SLM. Despite similar microstructure, the structure defects play a more significant role which translates into lower mechanical properties than in normal sized specimens defined by the standard ASTM E8.

Analysis of direct metal laser sintering - DMLS and heat treatment influence on the Inconel 713C nickel alloy structure

Ciftci Jakub, Sitek Ryszard, Mizera Jarosław

Welding Technology Review

2021

R. 93, nr 3

49--56

The group of nickel-based superalloys produced in the DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) process is limited to materials, which produced conventionally do not have properties to allow to use them for rotating components of aircraft engines. This work attempts to optimize the technological parameters of the DMLS process for the Inconel 713C nickel superalloy. A heat treatment was performed for selected samples to investigate the effect on the morphology of the Ni3Al phase. The microstructure analysis and hardness tests were carried out. The material after the DMLS process was characterized by the presence of much smaller dendrites than the cast material and exceeded its hardness. Additionally, for the tested variants of heat treatment, the material was characterized by smaller sizes of the Ni3Al phase by more than half. In order to ensure the stability of the microstructure, further optimization of the dedicated heat treatment after the DMLS process is required, as the standard heat treatment for Inconel 713C cast nickel superalloy does not fully recrystallize the material.

Grupa nadstopów niklu wytwarzanych w procesie DMLS (ang. Direct Metal Laser Sintering) ogranicza się do materiałów, które wytwarzane konwencjonalnie nie posiadają właściwości, pozwalających zastosować je na elementy wirujące silników lotniczych. W pracy podjęto próbę optymalizacji parametrów technologicznych procesu DMLS dla nadstopu niklu Inconel 713C. Dla wybranych próbek przeprowadzono obróbkę cieplną w celu zbadania jej wpływu na morfologię fazy Ni3Al. Przeprowadzono analizę mikrostruktury oraz badania twardości. Materiał po procesie DMLS charakteryzował się obecnością znacznie mniejszych dendrytów niż materiał odlewany oraz przewyższał jego twardość. Dodatkowo dla zbadanych wariantów obróbki cieplnej materiał charakteryzował się mniejszymi rozmiarami fazy Ni3Al o ponad połowę. W celu zapewnienia stabilności mikrostruktury, wymagana jest dalsza optymalizacja obróbki cieplnej dedykowanej po procesie DMLS, ponieważ standardowa obróbka cieplna dla odlewanego nadstopu niklu Inconel 713C nie zapewnia pełnej rekrystalizacji materiału.