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Traditional agricultural landscapes in transition - thoughts regarding a future model for sustainable protection of biodiversity in Poland

Link M.

Architektura Krajobrazu

2008

nr 4

18-26

This paper deals with the basic aspects of the far -reaching changes in the agricultural landscapes of Central Europe over the course of time, and specifically with the impact on biodiversity brought about by the transformation process after Poland became a member of the EU. The main controls on biodiversity in agricultural landscapes are the diversity of land use types (structure of agricultural land use, types of farming, boundary line density) and the diversity of sites (soil nutrient and water balance, potential yield). The agricultural landscape of Poland is characterized by a medium to high phytodiversity on huge areas. There are considerable differences in spe61 cies diversity caused by the type of land use. The basis for the political decisions and planning acts to protect biodiversity and historical landscape structures of Poland are mainly: (1) the site factors, (2) the structure of the elements of the historical agricultural landscape, (3) the intensity of land use as well as (4) the profitability of the land use types. The following principal aspects should be considered concerning the protection of biodiversity and historical landscape structures in the agricultural landscape of Poland: (1) sustainable nature and landscape conservation are only useful as well as possible within sustainable farming, (2) nature and landscape conservation services managed by farmers must be financially supported by the public administration and (3) the intensity of land use has to be related to the site factors.