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Mediaeval Casts of the Eastern Reliquary Crosses

Garbacz-Klempka A., Nosek E. M., Rzadkosz S.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

2013

Vol. 13, iss. 1 spec.

147--152

Non-destructive testing methods are widely applied for metal artefacts research. The analyses presented here are part of research and conservation program encompassing metal artefacts discovered during archaeological excavations in the years 2010–2011 in the area of Czermno. Among metal artefacts of archaeological origin there is an important group of objects connected with cult. Reliquary crosses called encolpions can be distinguished here; worn both by priests and by lay people in Central and Eastern Europe. They present an interesting group for historical and iconographic research, as well as for the analyses of the materials and the techniques applied. The type of cast encolpions were examined, found in the area of the old dwelling complex connected with fortified settlement of Czermno (the old Grody Czerwieńskie). These objects are initially dated to the 12th century. These metal artefacts are researched, by application of the non-destructive testing methods, at the Faculty of Foundry Engineering of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków in cooperation with Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Rzeszów University. The research helped to enlarge the scientific scope of knowledge on Mediaeval materials and manufacturing techniques, while the conservation efforts gave back the proper artistic value to the artefacts from Czermno and allowed for the appropriate exhibition.