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The removal of Fe from the reduced ilmenite via aeration leaching assessing the effect of operating parameters

Ibrahim Siti Asmidar, Yunus Farhana, Ariffin Kamar Shah, Sheikh Abdul Hamid Sheikh Abdul Rezan, Ismail Suhaina, Jabit Nurul Ain

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

2021

Vol. 57, iss. 6

182--195

An upgrade of Malaysian ilmenite (FeTiO3) concentrate to synthetic rutile (TiO2) using aeration leaching was investigated in this study. Carbothermal reduction using Sarawak MukahBalingan coal and compressed National Gas (CNG) as a reductant was used to produce reduced ilmenite (RI) as an intermediate phase consisting of titanium oxide matrix with metallic iron prior to aeration leaching. Metallic iron was dissolved in ammonium chloride solution after the reduction process, separating synthetic rutile in the leaching residue. This study aims to evaluate the leaching parameters, such as concentration, temperature, and leaching time. The optimum conditions established by the design of the experiment (DOE) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) has indicated that leaching temperature was the most significant parameter for iron dissolution. It was found that iron dissolution at a maximum value of 97.0% was achieved at an optimum condition of 0.5 M NH4Cl at 90°C for 7 hours. With an initial weight of 46 wt.%TiO2 and 37 wt.% Fe2O3, ilmenite was successfully upgraded to 80 wt.% and 8 wt.%, respectively. In conclusion, Malaysian ilmenite has a high potential value to be upgraded to synthetic rutile by aeration leaching with ammonium chloride via Becher process.

Effect of hydrogen peroxide and lead(II) nitrate on gold cyanide leaching of Malaysian mesothermal deposit gold ore

Baharun Norlia, Ling Ong Pek, Ardani Mohammad Rezaei, Ariffin Kamar Shah

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

2020

Vol. 56, iss. 5

905--918

The gold extraction from Malaysian mesothermal lode gold ore through the cyanidation method was performed. The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 were investigated on the percentage of gold recovery. The statistical analysis method using a response surface design-central composite design was applied to find the optimum condition for gold extraction. The studied parameters were NaCN concentration (300-500 ppm), H2O2 concentration (205-410 ppm), and Pb(NO3)2 concentration (50-150 ppm). It was found that increasing the amount of NaCN and H2O2 as well as decreasing the amount of Pb(NO3)2 in the studied range, increased the gold recovery. The analysis of variance suggested the linear model for the gold extraction with the optimum condition at 467.3 ppm NaCN, 94.96 ppm Pb(NO3)2, and 340 ppm H2O2. The gold extracted from the ore at the optimum condition was 88.97% as compared to 62.02% from conventional cyanidation. The characterization study of the gold ore indicated that the finely gold particles interlocked in the aluminosilicate phase (grain size of ~10.0 μm). The Van’t Hoff differential method justified that the cyanidation was of second order with a specific reaction rate of 0.0501/hour.