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1

The effect of the surface preparation method on the ultimate strength of a single lap adhesive joints of selected construction materials

Rudawska Anna, Miturska Izabela, Stančekovă Dana

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2020

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nr 4

14--20

EN

The aim of the article was to present issues related to the determination of the influence of the surface preparation method on the strength of adhesive joints made of three types of construction materials: structural steel C45, aluminium alloy EN AW-1050A and stainless steel 1.4401. The surfaces of the analysed materials were prepared by machining with three different abrasive tools of different gradations: P120, P220, P400. Adhesive joints were prepared using the E53/Z-1/100:10 epoxy adhesive composition. After the process of adhesive joint curing, destructive tests were carried out on the Zwick/Roell Z150 strength machine, in accordance with PN-EN 1465 standard, which determined the shear strength of the analyzed joints. During the tests it was observed that the most advantageous method of surface preparation is treatment using P220 grit abrasive.

PL

Celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie zagadnień związanych z określeniem wpływu sposobu przygotowania powierzchni na wytrzymałość połączeń klejowych wykonanych z trzech rodzajów materiałów konstrukcyjnych: stali konstrukcyjnej C45, stopu aluminium EN AW-1050A oraz stali nierdzewnej 1.4401. Powierzchnie analizowanych materiałów zostały przygotowane poprzez obróbkę trzema różnymi narzędziami ściernymi różnej gradacji: P120, P220, P400. Połączenia klejowe przygotowano z użyciem kompozycji klejowej epoksydowej E53/Z-1/100:10. Po procesie utwardzania spoiny klejowej przeprowadzono badania niszczące na maszynie wytrzymałościowej Zwick/Roell Z150, zgodnie z normą PN-EN 1465, dzięki którym wyznaczono wytrzymałość na ścinanie analizowanych połączeń. W trakcie badań zaobserwowano, że najkorzystniejszym sposobem przygotowania powierzchni jest obróbka wykorzystująca ścierniwo ziarnistości P220.

2

Strength of Assembly Butt Joints of Plastic Pipes

Miturska Izabela, Rudawska Anna, Brunella Valentina

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no 1

10--17

EN

The aim of the study was to compare the welded and adhesive joints made of polypropylene pipes. The pipes were butt jointed. Two pipe diameters were used: ø20 mm and ø25 mm. The welded joints were made by hot gas welding, while the adhesive joints were made by two epoxy adhesive compositions. The base for both compositions was Epidian 6 epoxy resin, which was mixed with IDA and TFF curing agents in the recommended quantitative ratios. The experimental tests consisted in determination and comparison of the strength properties of the made joints; therefore, the analyzed joints were subjected to the destructive strength tests, which determined their tensile strength in accordance with the ISO 527–1 standard. On the basis of the obtained results, it was observed that welded joints obtained the highest average strength. The lowest strength was characteristic for the adhesive joints made with Epidian 6/TFF/100:27 adhesive. The obtained results were subjected to a statistical analysis, which showed that the strength of ø20 mm diameter pipe joints did not differ significantly from the strength of ø25 mm diameter pipe joints, comparing the results for each type of joint with the assumed level of confidence α = 0.05.

3

Impact of Assembly Method on the Strength of Single-Lap Joints of Aircraft Aluminum Alloy Sheets

Miturska Izabela

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no 2

163--170

EN

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the strength properties of single-lap assembly joints. Single-lap joints are commonly used in various structures because of their strength properties. Three types of joints, widely used in modern structures, were prepared and tested: adhesive, rivet, and hybrid adhesive-rivet joints. The experiments were carried out using aluminum alloy EN AW-2024, a structural material used in aviation. In the adhesive joints, the substrates were joined using a two-component epoxy adhesive composed of Epidian 53 epoxy resin and polymide curing agent (PAC) – Epidian 53/PAC/100:80. The rivet joints were formed using steel-aluminum blind rivets. The rivets were arranged in four different configurations. One of the very important structural factors considered when designing single-lap assembly joints is overlap length. In the present study, two overlap lengths were tested: 12 mm and 20 mm. The assembly joints were subjected to strength tests. Tensile-shear strength was determined. The results were analyzed statistically.

4

The strength of polymer materials’ adhesive joints, applied in the automotive industry

Rudawska Anna, Ogrodniczek Jacek, Miturska Izabela, Doluk Elżbieta

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2019

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nr 4

18--24

EN

The article describes the shear strength and statistical analysis of adhesive joints of four polymers used in the automotive industry, i.e. polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamide and polyacetal. Adhesive joints were prepared using two types of epoxy adhesive: Epidian 57/IDA/100:50 and Epidian 6/TFF/100:27. Surfaces of bonded materials prior to the bonding process were prepared using sandpaper P120, and then to remove impurities formed after mechanical treatment, the surface of polymer materials was degreased with acetone. The adhesive joints after the curing process were subjected to a strength test on the Zwick/Roell 150 strength machine in accordance with the PN-EN 1465 standard. The STATISTICA program was used for statistical analysis of the results of the strength tests. Parameters of descriptive statistics were determined, normality of distribution was determined and statistical tests of strength parameters were carried out. It was noted, among other things, that the greatest shear strength was obtained by adhesive joints of HIPS 425N polystyrene bonded Epidian 6/IDA/100:50 epoxy adhesive. However, the smallest shear strength was characterized by the adhesive joints made of Tarnamid T-27 polyamide bonded with Epidian 6/TFF/100:27 adhesive, which amounted to about 30% of the highest strength value obtained.

PL

W artykule opisano badanie wytrzymałości oraz analizę statystyczną wyników pomiarów wytrzymałości na ścinanie połączeń klejowych czterech polimerów stosowanych w przemyśle motoryzacyjnym, polipropylenu, polistyrenu, poliamidu oraz poliacetalu. Połączenia klejowe przygotowano za pomocą dwóch rodzajów klejów epoksydowych: Epidian 57/IDA/100:50 oraz Epidian 6/TFF/100:27. Powierzchnie łączonych materiałów przed procesem klejenia zostały przygotowane za pomocą papieru ściernego o gradacji P120, a następnie w celu usunięcia zanieczyszczeń powstałych po obróbce mechanicznej, powierzchnia tworzyw polimerowych została odtłuszczona acetonem. Połączenia klejowe po procesie utwardzenia poddano badaniom wytrzymałościowym na maszynie wytrzymałościowej Zwick/Roell 150, zgodnie z normą PN-EN 1465. Do analizy statystycznej rezultatów badań wytrzymałościowych, wykorzystano program STATISTICA. Wyznaczono parametry statystyki opisowej, określono normalność rozkładu oraz przeprowadzono testy statystyczne badanych parametrów wytrzymałościowych. Zauważono m.in., że największą wytrzymałość na ścinanie uzyskały połączenia klejowe polistyrenu HIPS 425N, wykonane klejem Epidian 6/IDA/100:50. Natomiast najmniejszą wytrzymałością charakteryzowały się połączenia klejowe wykonane z poliamidu Tarnamid T-27, klejone klejem Epidian 6/TFF/100: 27, która stanowi około 30% największej otrzymanej wartości wytrzymałości.

5

The influence of adhesive type and surface treatment on the strength of C45 steel sheets adhesive joints

Rudawska Anna, Miturska Izabela, Semotiuk Leszek

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2019

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nr 2

34--37

EN

The aim of the article was to present issues related to the determination of the impact of selected technological factors: the method of surface treatment and the type of adhesive on the strength of adhesive joints made of C45 steel sheet. The surfaces of the analyzed steel sheet samples were prepared by processing with four different abrasive papers: P120, P280, P320, P800. The sheet samples were bonded with three different epoxy two-component adhesives: Epidian 57/PAC/100:80, Epidian 6/PAC/100:80 and Epidian 62/PAC/100:80, including one-step cure at room temperature of 24 ± 2°C, with humidity 26 ± 2%. After the curing process, strength tests of the adhesive joints were carried out on the Zwick / Roell 150 testing machine in accordance with the PN-EN 1465 standard. It was noticed, among others, that the preferred surface treatment method was surface treatment with the P280 abrasive tool, after which the adhesive joints showed the highest shear strength.

PL

Celem artykułu było przedstawienie zagadnień związanych z określeniem wpływu wybranych czynników technologicznych: sposobu przygotowania powierzchni oraz rodzaju kleju na wytrzymałości połączeń klejowych wykonanych z blachy stalowej C45. Powierzchnie analizowanych próbek blachy stalowej zostały przygotowane poprzez obróbkę czterema różnymi papierami ściernymi: P120, P280, P320, P800. Próbki blach zostały sklejone trzema różnymi klejami epoksydowymi dwuskładnikowymi: Epidian 57/PAC/100:80, Epidian 6/PAC/100:80 oraz Epidian 62/PAC/100:80, uwzględniając jednostopniowe utwardzanie w temperaturze pokojowej 24±2°C, przy wilgotności 26±2%. Po procesie utwardzania dokonano prób wytrzymałościowych połączeń klejowych na maszynie wytrzymałościowej Zwick/Roell 150, zgodnie z normą PN-EN 1465. Zauważono m.in., że korzystnym spośród badanych metod przygotowania powierzchni jest przygotowanie powierzchni ściernym narzędziem nasypowym P280, po którym połączenia klejowe wykazały największą wytrzymałość na ścinanie.

6

Analysis of Hard Facing Material Designed for Application on the Forestry Tools

Ťavodová Miroslava, Hnilicová Michaela, Miturska Izabela

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2019

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Vol. 13, no 4

111--119

EN

The article deals with the assessment specific hard facing material with W2C high content – filled welding rod for manual flame hard facing RD 571. Is was applied in two layers on the samples (16MnCr5 steel) of the tool for crushing undesirable advance growths, frequently used in forestry technologies. The tools work in a heterogeneous environment. They are loaded by abrasive impression of wood mass, which are characterized by various hardness. The material loss on the functional parts is significant. The wear degradation of the tool and its subsequent early decommissioning represents economic losses for forest companies. The investigations conducted under laboratory conditions involved hardness measuring HV10 and HRC, wear resistance testing of materials by friction against loosely fixed abrasive parts, with assessment profile and depth of the mark as well as assessment of quality mixing of the layers, microstructure assessment by SEM with EDX analyses. By evaluating the laboratory tests, the conclusions were drawn to determine the suitability or the non-suitability of the selected hardfacing material in service. Whether the material increases the service life of the undesirable crusher tool, will by verified by performing field trials.

7

Selected strength aspects of adhesive lap joints and butt welded joints of various structural materials

Rudawska Anna, Niedziałkowski Paweł, Miturska Izabela, Szabelski Jakub, Grzesiczak Dominik

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 12, no 1

135--141

EN

The present paper evaluates the effect of joining method on the strength of joint assemblies of selected structural materials: DX51+Z275 galvanised steel, OH18N9 stainless steel and DC01 low carbon steel. The objects of the study are: the lap adhesive joint and the butt welded joint with continuous and spot weld. Welded joints were produced latter by means of one of the two welding methods, MIG or MAG. The choice of the welding method depended on the type substrate material. Welding was conducted at the following constant technological parameters: strength of current, electrode deposition rate, filler metal diameter, type and flow rate of shielding gas. The adhesive joint was bonded with Epidian 53/Z1/100:10 epoxy adhesive. The substrates were pre-treated in a three-stage surface preparation process involving: mechanical treatment with P60 and P320 abrasive tools and degreasing with Loctite 7063 degreasing agent. The tensile strength tests, conducted under the study, provided strength characteristics of the tested joint assemblies, indicating differences in the values of strength that depended on the applied joining method or, in the case of welded joints, the structure of the seam.

8

Analyses of calcium influence on the AlSi9CuMnNi alloy

Náprstková Nataša, Kraus Pavel, Cais Jaromír, Stančeková Dana, Miturska Izabela

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 12, no 3

32--38

EN

Treatment of metal alloys is one of the ways to affect the properties of the material. The article describes an experiment realized at FPTM UJEP when was experimentally studied the influence of alloys AlSi9CuMnNi calcium modification on some of its properties. The alloy was modified with various amounts of calcium and subsequently machining. Also hardness was measured in the resulting alloys. Machining was performed under certain cutting conditions. After machining the obtained chip was evaluated. Chip was evaluated for its shape, length and amount of chips per 100 g. Devices in FPTM laboratories were used to prepare experimental casts and to evaluate hardness and chips, like the melting furnace LAC K70/13, hardness tester Ernst AT 250X or microscope Olympus SZX 10. Experimental quantities of calcium was 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 wt. %. Presented experiments are part of the extensive research undertaken at Faculty of Production Technologies and Management at Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem.