Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Evaluation of the test drive cycle conditions impact on exhaust emissions from an internal combustion engine

Andrych-Zalewska M., Chłopek Z., Merkisz J., Pielecha J.

Combustion Engines

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2018

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R. 57, nr 4

3--9

EN

Test results of exhaust emission sensitivity to engine operating conditions from a vehicle with a compression ignition engine have been analyzed. These results were determined in driving tests: NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), RDE (Real Driving Emissions) and Malta, an original drive cycle developed at Poznan University of Technology. The tests in the NEDC and Malta cycles were carried out on the engine dynamometer in driving tests simulation conditions, while the RDE test was carried out in the real conditions of passenger car traffic. The mean exhaust emission test results of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide as well as the mean particle number in individual tests have been provided. A high sensitivity of the tested emission values to the changes in engine's operating conditions was found, both for static and dynamic conditions. The strongest impact of engine operating conditions was found for hydrocarbons emissions and the number of particles, followed by carbon monoxide, a smaller impact was found for nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. The largest differences in the values characterizing exhaust emissions were found for the NEDC test, which differed the most in dynamic engine operating conditions from other tests that closer resemble real driving conditions of vehicles.

2

Practical application of wavelets in the engine's vibroacoustic analysis

Wróbel R., Andrych-Zalewska M., Ambroszko W., Fryda S

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

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R. 19, nr 12

282--284

EN

Vibrations are most often measured using ceramic piezoelectric sensors - accelerometers. The accelerometer uses a piezoelectric effect to measure the dynamic acceleration of its housing. They are mounted directly on the measuring system (moving or rotating, such as gearboxes, rotating blades, turbine engines or bearings). This is not their only use, because they can also be used in shock measurements, such as NCAP in the field of automotive safety or diagnostics (unfortunately they have lower accuracy than low-frequency LDV). The main advantage of using a piezoelectric accelerometer is its linearity in a wide range frequency and a huge range of work dynamics. Engine vibration measurements are usually made at different points of the engine to be independent of each other. The engine block is a characteristic measuring point because it is best available. Accelerometers are assembled by glue, screwing or magnetic connection. The obtained vibroacoustic signal is most often analyzed using Fourier analysis. The following article presents another possibility of on-line analysis: short-term wavelet analysis "on-line".

PL

Wibracje są najczęściej mierzone za pomocą ceramicznych czujników piezoelektrycznych - akcelerometrów. Akcelerometr wykorzystuje efekt piezoelektryczny do pomiaru dynamicznego przyspieszenia jego obudowy. Są to przetworniki montowane bezpośrednio na układzie mierzonym (poruszającym się lub obracających, takich jak skrzynie biegów, wirujące łopaty, silniki turbinowe lub łożyska). To nie jest ich jedyne zastosowanie, ponieważ można je również stosować w pomiarach wstrząsów, takich jak NCAP w zakresie bezpieczeństwa w motoryzacji lub w diagnostyce (niestety mają mniejszą dokładność niż LDV w przypadku niskich częstotliwości) Główną zaletą zastosowania akcelerometru piezoelektrycznego jest jego liniowość w szerokim zakresie częstotliwości i ogromny zakres dynamiki pracy. Pomiary wibracji silnika są zwykle wykonywane w różnych punktach silnika, aby były niezależne od siebie. Charakterystycznym punktem pomiarowym jest blok silnika, ponieważ jest najlepiej dostępny. Akcelerometry montuje się poprzez klej, przykręcenie bądź połączenie magnetyczne. Otrzymany sygnał wibroakustyczny jest najczęściej analizowany z wykorzystaniem analizy Fouriera. Poniższy artykuł przedstawia inną możliwość analizy „on–line”: krótkoczasową analizę falkową „on-line”.

3

Metody pomiaru prędkości obrotowej w mechatronice

Andrych-Zalewska M., Włostowski R., Wróbel R.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

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R. 19, nr 9

105--107

PL

W artykule omówiono metody pomiaru prędkości obrotowej. Przedstawiono metody klasyczne oraz nową metodę wykorzystującą pomiar drgań jako funkcję wejściową w procesie uzyskiwania wyniku prędkości obrotowej wału korbowego. Aby uzyskać prawidłowe INFORMACJE diagnostyczne, wymagana jest klasyczna ścieżka diagnostyczna oraz cyfrowe przetwarzanie sygnału. Praca zawiera również informacje na temat magistrali CAN, a także systemu EOBD.

EN

The article discusses methods of measuring rotational speed. Classical methods as well as a new method using vibration measurement as the input function in the process of obtaining the result of the crankshaft rotational speed were presented. A classic diagnostic path, as well as digital signal processing, is required to obtain the correct diagnostic INFORMATION. The work also includes information on the CAN bus as well as the EOBD system.

4

The power impact of electric power assist in hybrid vehicle

Andrych-Zalewska M., Chmielewska P., Wróbel R.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 4

17--24

EN

The current interest in the development of hybrid vehicles is a response to serious effects of road transport on the environment over recent years. In addition, vehicles equipped with this type of drive combine the advantages of a conventional diesel engine and electric motor. This results in higher system efficiency while reducing emissivity. This work seeks to demonstrate the effect of electric power on the total power of a hybrid vehicle. The research on the chassis dynamometer (MAHA LPS 3000) of the hybrid sports car, Honda CRZ, has been performed in three modes of operation: normal, economical and sport. The obtained results are presented in the form of graphs of external engine characteristics, where the influence of electric power on the system is visible. The tested vehicle is equipped with sixth version of Honda’s Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) technology, which is the crucial system, assisting the combustion engine in order to provide higher performance and better fuel economy.

5

The possibilities and development of in-cylinder catalytic coating

Andrych-Zalewska M.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 3

7--14

EN

Due to the legal changes in the exhaust emission limits in the European Union meeting the new norms becomes more challenging for car manufacturers. The recent progress in the exhaust aftertreatment technology and commercially available aftertreatment systems. However, as the exhaust, systems become more and more complex the problem of high emissions in many engine-operating points that are not currently a part of the type approval tests remains. The article aims to address the limitations of the oxidation catalysts in current aftertreatment systems, mainly their light-off temperature, by investigating new options for in-cylinder catalysts. Placing the catalytic layer within the combustion chamber avoids a number of problems associated with these catalysts being a part of the aftertreatment system. Engine emission tests have been performed comparing the effects of using an in-cylinder Pt-Rh catalytic layer in relation to hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions. The viable methods of producing a catalytic layer on engine components along with the choice of components to use for catalytic surfaces have also been discussed.

6

Improving the environmental performance of the internal combustion engine by the use of in-cylinder catalyst

Andrych-Zalewska M.

Combustion Engines

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2017

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R. 56, nr 1

129--132

EN

The problems of using the inner surfaces of a combustion chamber as catalytic converters in order to reduce the harmful exhaust emissions were discussed in this paper. The proper choice of the catalyst is one of the most important issues. The interaction between the burned mixture and the catalyst is not limited by the kinetics of the chemical reactions but depends primarily on the flow rate of the reactants to the catalyst surface during combustion. The lifespan of a catalytic layer is determined by the application technique, where plasma spraying is the most popular and most accessible method. However, when it comes to the catalytic coating durability, it is not an efficient option, as ion implantation is indicated shows greater potential in this respect. In this research the coating of aluminum titanium and chromium-nickel have been applied to the engine head and the piston crown. Then the modified catalytic parts were used in a CI combustion engine and the obtained emission results were compared with the reference results. Another set of tests was performed for an SI engine, powered with gasoline and methane, where the piston crown was covered with a thermal layer of zirconium oxide and a catalytic layer of platinum. The beneficial effects of these in-cylinder catalysts on exhaust emissions and the possible problems in the wide spread use of such solutions have been presented.

7

Wybrane aspekty cyfrowego przetwarzania sygnałów diagnostycznych

Andrych-Zalewska M., Włostowski R., Wróbel R.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

686--689, CD

PL

W artykule omówiono najważniejsze aspekty cyfrowego przetwarzania sygnałów cyfrowych w diagnostyce silników spalinowych. Omówiono zmianę dziedziny czasu do dziedziny częstotliwości, a także wykorzystanie filtrowania (zarówno w dziedzinie czasu, jak i częstotliwości), wspomagającego właściwą analizę sygnału. Przedstawiono praktyczne zastosowanie wymienionych aspektów CPS na przykładzie analizy sygnałów wibroakustycznych silnika, mierzonych z użyciem laserowej wibrometrii dopplerowskiej, jak i akcelerometrii. Przedstawione przykłady dotyczą zarówno silnika zamontowanego w pojeździe, jak i pomiarów wykonanych na hamowni silnikowej.

EN

The article discusses the most important aspects of digital signal processing in diagnostics of internal combustion engines. It discusses changing the time domain into the frequency domain, as well as the use of filtering (both time and frequency) to support proper signal analysis. The practical application of these aspects of DSP is illustrated by the analysis of vibroacoustic signals of the engine, measured using laser Doppler vibrometry and accelerometry systems.

8

Wpływ katalizatora wewnętrznego na emisję związków szkodliwych podczas rozruchu silnika spalinowego

Pielecha J., Dobrzyński M., Andrych-Zalewska M.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

359--363, CD

PL

W artykule omówiono zastosowanie katalizatora wewnętrznego, pozwalającego na zmniejszenie emisji związków szkodliwych podczas rozruchu silnika spalinowego o zapłonie samoczynnym. Jest to rodzaj systemu oczyszczania spalin - jednakże jego umieszczenie w komorze spalania - a więc najbliżej procesu spalania, pozwala na zmniejszenie zanieczyszczeń u źródła (katalizator został napylony na świece żarowe). Takie postępowanie jest niezbędne, gdyż zmniejszenie zanieczyszczeń z pojazdów jest kluczowym aspektem ograniczania negatywnego oddziaływania transportu na środowisko naturalne. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań podczas rozruchu są częścią prac badawczych nad oceną katalizatora wewnętrznego w różnych warunkach pracy silnika - począwszy od badań statycznych (na hamowni silnikowej), poprzez badania na hamowni dynamicznej, a kończąc na badaniach pojazdów w testach drogowych. Zastosowanie katalizatora wewnętrznego podczas rozruchu silnika, dla którego zmieniano czas grzania świec żarowych, skutkuje kilkuprocentowym zmniejszeniem masy tlenku węgla, węglowodorów, dwutlenku węgla oraz liczby cząstek stałych w rozpatrywanym okresie pomiarowym. Zastosowanie takiego rozwiązania, technicznie możliwego do wprowadzenia w większości pojazdów z silnikami ZS, skutkowałoby mniejszą emisją zanieczyszczeń.

EN

This article discusses the use of an in-cylinder catalyst to reduce exhaust emissions during a diesel engine startup. This is a type of harmful compounds reduction system - however, its placement inside the combustion chamber - and therefore as close as possible to where the combustion process takes place - reduces the creation of polluting compounds at their source (the catalyst is sprayed on the glow plugs). Such solutions are necessary as the reduction of vehicle pollution is a key aspect of reducing the negative environmental impact of transport. The presented results of the engine startup research are a part of the research work on the effects of applying an internal catalytic converter in various engine operating conditions - from static tests (on an engine dynamometer) through dynamic dynamometer tests to vehicle road tests. The use of an internal catalytic converter during engine startup, for which the heating time of the glow plugs has been changed, results in a several percent reduction in the mass of emitted carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and particle number in the measurement period. The implementation of this solution is technically feasible for most vehicles with compression ignition engines, and would result in reduced vehicle emissions.

9

Metody pomiaru prędkości obrotowej w mechatronice

Andrych-Zalewska M., Włostowski R., Wróbel R.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

|

R. 18, nr 12

682--685, CD

PL

W artykule omówione zostały metody pomiaru prędkości obrotowej. Zaprezentowano metody klasyczne, jak i nową metodę, wykorzystującą pomiar drgań, jako funkcję wejściową w procesie otrzymania wyniku wartości prędkości obrotowej wału korbowego. Przedstawiono klasyczny tor diagnostyczny, a także operacje cyfrowego przetwarzania sygnałów, niezbędne do otrzymania właściwej wiadomości diagnostycznej. W pracy znajdują się także informacje, dotyczące magistrali CAN, a także systemu EOBD.

EN

The article discusses methods of measuring rotational speed. Classical methods as well as a new method using vibration measurement as the input function in the process of obtaining the result of the crankshaft rotational speed were presented. A classic diagnostic path, as well as digital signal processing, is required to obtain the correct diagnostic INFORMATION. The work also includes information on the CAN bus as well as the EOBD system.

10

NVH application research using accelerometers on a chassis dynamometer

Sitnik L., Wróbel R., Andrych-Zalewska M., Mihaylov V.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 3

443--448

EN

Accelerometric tests, similarly to laser tests (with regard to human health) are something of novelty. All standards related to this issue refer to sound intensity (measured using specialised microphones). The work presents results of accelerometric tests conducted during driving cycles on an inertial load chassis dynamometer Maha LPS3000. The object of the research was Mazda 3 1.6 (petrol), built in 2010, mileage 70 thousand km. The tests were related to vibration measurements on a chassis dynamometer using various, forced tractive effort (300, 500 and 700 N). No additional signal processing was used (except for operations necessary to create a spectrum) so as to present the whole vibration spectrum with special emphasis on the resonance frequency of human organs. The article presents vibration amplitude measured at the level of the headrest for three forced tractive efforts: 300, 500 and 700 N. The measurements were made at the speed of 60 km/h in the fourth gear (which corresponds to about 2000 rpm). The obtained results, indicate that the maximum value of harmonics fall in the range 85-95 Hz. Hence, they are resonance frequencies of eyeballs. In addition to this, one can state that the values of these harmonics are higher for higher values of forced tractive efforts. This would mean that seats should be additionally stabilised (dampened) to limit the influence of dangerous vibration on a human organism.

11

Diagnostic telemetry system

Wróbel R., Andrych-Zalewska M., Dimitrov R.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 4

569--574

EN

The theoretical aspects of diagnostics and diagnostic methodology are an important issue. Apart from theoretical aspects, this paper presents experiment results and a practical implementation example. Telemetry has a numbe of different definitions, depending on the area of application. It is generally defined as data acquisition at a remote, inconvenient and/or dangerous location and subsequent transmission of the data to another location for analysis. Telemetry systems are increasingly popular. The most widely used systems include the equipment for monitoring truck scales. The data obtained with this method allow estimating vehicle weight with accuracy between 90% and 98%. Currently a large number of ready-made, professional telemetry systems are commercially available. The LabView programming language used in this example allows for data visualization and acquisition. It also allows saving the executed program as an individual application. The measurements additionally included temperature, throttle position and battery voltage. Experiments proved that for stable communication an 80 kbps band is required. The commonly used telemetry systems, and even their custom-made original versions (as the one here presented), allow for remote diagnostics of an object using widely available communication technologies. The problem seems to be very development and requires further studies, which are scheduled in the near future.

12

The analysis of the energy balance of the engine powered by diesel oil mixture with butanol

Sitnik L. J., Andrych-Zalewska M.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 4

269--273

EN

The development of motorisation involves using bigger amounts of fuels. These fuels are, until now, mainly petroleum. However, the fuels of bio origin must be used as well. It follows from the necessity of ensuring CO2 balance and from the fact that oil sources sooner or later will become exploited. Not less important is the fact that, principally, it is difficult to change the proportions of petrol and diesel oil extracted from crude oil, and the use of diesel oil increases proportionally faster than petrol. Therefore, it is necessary to use bio additives in diesel oil. One of such additives is dense alcohols. The aim of the present work is to determine the energy balance of diesel engine powered by diesel oil and butanol mixture. The work field includes making of energy balance of the engine in its characteristic points responsive 13 phase ESC test as well as determining on this basis the consolidated values concerning the differences in the engine energy balance. It has been proved, that powering the engine by mineral diesel oil with doped butanol (20% v/v) does not lead to essential differences in the energy balance of the engine- which does not mean, that the essential differences are absent in the particular characteristic points of the engine. It requires more detailed explanation (in the further research works) because losses in the combustion process do not show differences, but in the other balance components the differences are shown.

13

Heat release in spark ignition engine with internal catalyst

Andrych-Zalewska M., Walkowiak W. W., Kolanek C.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 4

7--14

EN

In the present work there have been shown the results of initial researches concerning heat release process in the spark ignition engine with inner catalyst. There has been presented the calculative model of heat release process and calculative methodology leading to obtaining temperature course, combustion function and its derivative because of measured course of combustion pressure. The pressure courses, which are necessary for calculations, were obtained on the measure seat with AD 1600 engine that is load with eddy- current brake. The engine was equipped with spark plug with miniature pressure sensor f-my Kistler, and the courses of pressure were recorded by the use of f-my Smetec apparatus. The courses of heat release process were analysed in rotations of n=1500 rotations/min and n=3000 rotations/minute and load of 50 Nm and 70 Nm. The analysis was made comparatively for the system with the catalyst and without catalyst. In the work there have been presented the results of experimental and model researches which aim was the analysis of the issue of influencing the catalytic active surfaces placed in the spark ignition engine combustion space. Those surfaces, catalysing the process of creating combustible mixture and its combustion, influence the combustion process course and, simultaneously, have impact on the engine work parameters and the heat release course.