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Sol-gel-derived hybrid materials multi-doped with rare-earth metal ions

Zelazowska E., Rysiakiewicz-Pasek E., Borczuch-Laczka M., Cholewa-Kowalska K.

Materials Science Poland

2012

Vol. 30, No. 2

105--120

Four different hybrid organic-inorganic materials based on TiO2-SiO2 matrices with organic additives and doped with rare-earth metal ions (III) from the group of europium, cerium, terbium, neodymium, dysprosium and samarium, were synthesized by sol-gel method. Tetraethyl orthosilicate, titanium (IV) isopropoxide and organic compounds, such as butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethyl acetate, propylene carbonate, organic solvents and certain inorganic salts were used in the synthesis. The inorganic part of the sols, which were used in the synthesis of all the hybrid materials, was prepared separately and then the organic parts were added. The materials obtained were aged for three weeks at room temperature and then heated in an electric oven for three hours at temperatures of 80 °C - 150 °C. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX); X-ray diffraction (XRD); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (KBr technique); 29Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance; and fluorescence spectroscopy were used for the examination of morphology, microstructure and luminescence properties, respectively. Photoluminescence properties with relatively intense narrow emission lines of Tb, Eu, Dy, Nd, Sm respectively to the RE-ions doping, were observed for all the hybrid materials.

Hybrid materials doped with lithium ions

Zelazowska E., Rysiakiewicz-Pasek E.

Optica Applicata

2010

Vol. 40, nr 2

383--396

Sol–gel derived lithium-ion conducting organic–inorganic hybrid materials have been synthesized from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), propylene glycol, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, poly(vinyl alcohol), vinyl acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, poly(methyl methacrylate), propylene carbonate and some other precursors and solvents. The mass fraction of the organic additions in the gels and the level of the lithium salt doping (LiClO4) were ~40 mass% and 0.01%, respectively. The morphological and structural properties of the gels were investigated by a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 29Si MAS Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (29Si MAS NMR). The hybrid gels obtained were amorphous and colourless transparent or slightly opalescent, with the room temperature ionic conductivities of the order of 10–3 Scm–1. The results of FTIR spectroscopy and 29Si MAS NMR investigations have revealed strong influence of the organic modification, resulting in the direct chemical bonding between organic and inorganic components of the gels. The WO3-based electrochromic cells with the hybrids obtained being applied as the electrolytes were able to be reversibly coloured and bleached in the optical transmittance range of ~58% to 5% at around 550 nm.