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Instability of the environment at the end of the Eemian Interglacial as illustrated by the isopollen maps for Poland

Kupryjanowicz M., Granoszewski W., Nalepka D., Pidek I. A., Walanus A., Balwierz Z., Fiłoc M., Kołaczek P., Majecka A., Malkiewicz M., Nita M., Noryśkiewicz B., Winter H.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 1

225--237

EN

Many terrestrial pollen profiles from Poland (and a few pollen records from other parts of Central Europe) show the end of the last interglacial (Eemian, MIS 5e) to have been characterized by climatic and environmental instability. This is expressed by a strong, rapid cooling in the middle part of the pine phase ending this interglacial (E7 regional pollen assemblage zone), and then a re-warming at the very end of this phase, immediately before the transition to the glacial conditions of the last glaciation (Vistulian, Weichselian, MIS 5d). We have characterized the regional distribution of these climatic fluctuations in Poland on the basis of isopollen maps prepared for the Eemian Interglacial based on palynological data from 31 Polish pollen profiles. These maps show unequivocally that the intra-interglacial cooling at the end of the Eemian Interglacial was a transregional phenomenon, which was reflected very clearly by a temporary openness of vegetation across the whole of Poland. It was associated with a distinct decrease in pine forest areas and an increase in birch forests and open communities of cold steppe type with a domination of Artemisia. The pronounced climate and environment instability during the last phase of the Eemian Interglacial may be consistent with it being a natural phenomenon, characteristic of transitional stages. Taking into consideration the currently observed global warming, coinciding with a natural cooling trend, the study of such transitional stages is important for understanding the underlying processes of climate change.

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Non-pollen palynomorphs characteristic for the dystrophic stage of humic lakes in the Wigry National Park, NE Poland

Fiłoc M., Kupryjanowicz M.

Studia Quaternaria

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2015

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Vol. 32, Nr 1

31--41

EN

The numerous dystrophic (humic) lakes are a very important feature of Wigry National Park, NE Poland. As the most recent palaeoecological data indicate, at the beginning of its development (in the Late Glacial and Early and Middle Holocene) these water bodies functioned as harmonious lakes, and their transformation into dystrophic lakes and the stabilization of the trophic state took place at the beginning of the Subboreal. Palynological analysis of sediments from two such lakes (Lake Ślepe and Lake Suchar II), with special emphasis on non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), was aimed at a detailed biological characterization of dystrophic lakes during their long-lasting existence. The obtained results allowed for the designation of organisms characteristic for dystrophic lakes, of which representatives appeared with the decreasing pH of the water and the formation of Sphagnum peat around lakes. These organisms were divided into four groups: algae, fungi, testate amoebas, and animals. Their representatives appear in various developmental stages of dystrophic lakes.

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Anthropogenic transformation of the vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the settlement complex in Poganowo (Mrągowo Lakeland, NE Poland)

Szal M., Kupryjanowicz M., Wyczółkowski M.

Studia Quaternaria

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2015

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Vol. 32, Nr 1

19--29

EN

The results of pollen, non-pollen palynomorph and microcharcoal particle analyses of deposits from a small pond in northeastern Poland are presented. The study focused on human-induced vegetation changes that occurred in a close vicinity of the settlement complex at Poganowo during the Middle Ages (ca 10th–16th centuries). We distinguished three phases of human impact. First and third phases correspond to intensified settlement activity. The second phase was a period when human activity decreased and woodland regeneration took place. The high incidence of the parasitic fungus Kretzschmaria deusta in a local forest stand during the third phase was simultaneous with numerous spores of coprophilous fungi (Sordaria-type and Cercophora-type). We consider that Kretzschmaria deusta inhabited the roots and bases of tree trunks damaged by digging and grazing animals. human impact, pollen analysis, fungal spores, Masuria, Middle Ages

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Late Holocene changes in vegetation of the Mrągowo Lakeland (NE Poland) as registered in the pollen record from Lake Salęt

Szal M, Kupryjanowicz M., Wyczółkowski M

Studia Quaternaria

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2014

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Vol. 31, Nr 1

51--60

EN

Pollen analysis of sediments from the upper part of bottom deposits from Lake Salęt allowed reconstruction of main stages of the Late Holocene vegetation transformation in the Mrągowo Lake District (from ca. 3600 cal. years BC) and to correlate some of these changes with immigration and economic activity of local human groups. Significant spreading of secondary semi-natural birch forest, development of hornbeam forest and increasing importance of anthropogenic open communities were the most characteristic features of vegetation evolution. A definite breakdown of elm took place between 2900 and 2500 cal. years BC, slightly after increased contribution of birch in woodlands. Disappearance of hazel around 1200 cal. years BC, accompanied by expansion of hornbeam has been observed and should be linked with activity of the Ząbie-Szestno type culture and the Lusatian culture tribes during the Bronze Age, but not with a climate change. Considerable intensification of settlement processes recorded in the younger part of the Subatlantic chronozone was one of the important reasons that were responsible for quick changes in forest structure. Strong and continued deforestation started as early as the end of the 10th century AD and was substantially intensified in the first half of the 13th century.

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Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation changes in the Wigry National Park, NE Poland - new pollen data from three small dystrophic lakes

Fiłoc M, Kupryjanowicz M., Drzymulska D

Studia Quaternaria

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2014

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Vol. 31, Nr 1

5--16

EN

The main phases of the Late Glacial and Holocene development of vegetation in the Wigry National Park were reconstructed based on the pollen analysis of sediments from three small dystrophic lakes (Lake Suchar Wielki, Lake Suchar II and Lake Slepe). At the current stage of research, the age of the studied deposits was determined by AMS radiocarbon dating of few samples only. This meant that the chronology of the investigated profiles had to be estimated also indirectly using their palynological correlation with a radiometrically well-dated profile from Lake Wigry. The obtained pollen data confirmed the picture of the postglacial vegetation changes of the Wigry National Park, which was based on earlier studies of Lake Wigry. Furthermore, it documented the existence, mainly in the Preboreal and Atlantic chronozones, of temporary changes in vegetation, which might be a reaction to a short-lived cold fluctuations of climate.

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Postglacial development of vegetation in the vicinity of the Wigry Lake

Kupryjanowicz M.

Geochronometria

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2007

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Vol. 27

53-66

EN

The Late Glacial and Holocene development of vegetation in the vicinity of the Wigry Lake is reconstructed using pollen analysis. The Late Glacial sediments include the Allerod and Younger Dryas chronozones. The Holocene section is complete. Pollen data combined with archaeological evidence and radiocarbon dating permit the recognition and characterisation of human influence on the local plant cover caused by settlers of Mesolithic and Neolithic cultures, by west Balts, by Grand Dukes of Lithuania and by Cameldolites order. On the basis of pollen analysis the development of aquatic and mire vegetation in the Wigry Lake is described.

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Two climatic oscillations during the eemian interglacial : preliminary results of multi-proxy researches of palaeolake at solniki, Ne Poland

Kupryjanowicz M., Ciszek D., Morosław-Grabowska J., Marciniak B., Niska M.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2005

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Vol. 16

53--57

EN

Lake series from the Eemian Interglacial and Early Vistulian has been discovered at Solniki in the Białystok Upland region, north-eastern Poland. Preliminary results of interdisciplinary researches (pollen, diatom, Cladocera, isotopic and magnetic susceptibility analyses) were used to illustrate the changes of the Eemian climate. At present stage of investigations, there are found signs of two abrupt climatic oscillations - first with very humid climate took place at middle part of the regional Carpinus pollen zone (E5 R PAZ), and second with cold and dry climate at middle part of the regional Pinus zone (E7 R PAZ).

PL

W Solnikach na Wysoczyźnie Białostockiej (północno-wschodnia Polska) odkryto serię osadów jeziornych reprezentujących interglacjał eemski i wczesny vistulian. Wstępne wyniki badań interdyscyplinarnych (analiza pyłkowa, okrzemkowa i Cladocera, pomiary podatności magnetycznej osadów oraz zawartości izotopów stabilnych tlenu i węgla) wykorzystano do zilustrowania zmian klimatu podczas interglacjału eemskiego. Udokumentowano dwie gwałtowne oscylacje klimatu - pierwsza z ciepłym i bardzo wilgotnym klimatem (?opady) miała miejsce w środkowej części poziomu pyłkowego E5 Carpinus, druga z klimatem suchym i bardzo zimnym - w środkowej części poziomu E7 Pinus.

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Eemian and early vistulian vegetation at Michałowo (NE Poland)

Kupryjanowicz M., Drzymulska D.

Studia Quaternaria

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2002

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Vol. 19

19-26

EN

This paper presents the results of palaeobotanical studies (pollen and plant macrofossil analyses) of the sediments from the profile Michałowo P-3 (Gródek-Michałowo Depression, NE Poland). At this profile the second bed of peat under Holocene peat and the layer of silts and sands was discovered. The pollen succession indicates that it were deposited, with some gaps, from the beginning of Eemian Interglacial to Early Vistulian. The local pollen zones, distinguished in the Pollen diagram, correlate with the regional pollen stratigraphy of the Eemian Interglacial, but the pollen record of hornbeam (E5 R PAZ) and spruce (E6 R PAZ) regional zones is absent in Michałowo. In the middle part of the Michałowo pine zone (Mi-5 Pinus L PAZ), a cool oscillation of climate is marked by an opening of forests and development of herb plant communities.

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Eemian Interglacial deposits at Haćki near Bielsk Podlaski : implications for the limit of the last glaciation in northeastern Poland

Brud S., Kupryjanowicz M.

Geological Quarterly

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2002

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Vol. 46, No 1

75-80

EN

Pollen analysis was conducted on organic deposits on a kame ridge at Haćki in northeastern Poland. The deposits are referred to the Eemian Interglacial. Slope sediments only covered these biogenic deposits. The glacigenic landforms therefore relate to the Wartanian Glaciation, and so this area has not been occupied by an ice sheet of the Vistulian Glaciation.

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Preliminary stratigraphy of organic sediments at Narew, northern Podlasie, eastern Poland

Kupryjanowicz M., Kwiatkowski W., Stepaniuk M., Popielski R.

Kwartalnik Geologiczny

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1999

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Vol. 43, Nr 1

121-128

EN

Pollen analysis was conducted for sediments from two organic series in the profile Narew-III. Age of the lower series (depth 72.0-80.5 m) was determined as an upper part of the Lower Miocene. The upper is the Quaternary series (depth 58.5-61.55 m) which represents two warm climatic oscillations, separated by a cool period of a stadial rank. The older warmer period probably corresponds to an interstadial. The stratigraphic rank of the younger warmer period could not be determined on the basis of a palynologic examination as the pollen record includes only the very end of a warming and a beginning of the following cooling.

PL

W trakcie prac kartograficznych w ramach Szczegółowej mapy geologicznej Polski 1:50000, prowadzonych na arkuszu Narew, wykonano otwór wiertniczy Narew-III, położony w dolinie Narwi w pobliżu miejscowości Narew. Miało ono na celu określenie wieku dwóch serii organogenicznych, stwierdzonych w tym rejonie w wierceniach archiwalnych. Otwór ten osiągnął głębokość 115 m i potwierdził obecność dwóch poziomów bogatych w materiał organiczny. Czterdzieści próbek z dolnej serii organicznej i dwadzieścia dwie próbki z górnej poddano analizie pyłkowej. Spektra pyłkowe z dolnej serii organicznej wskazują na dominację zbiorowisk leśnych reprezentowanych przez lasy bagienne z przewagą Alnus, Nyssa, Gtquidambar i licznymi przedstawicielami Taxodiaceae-Cupressaceae, lasy łęgowe z Ulmus, Pterocarya i Fraxinus oraz lasy mieszane z Pinus, Picea, Sciadopitys, Tsuga, Sequaia, Betula, Abies, Carpinus i Quercus. Na podstawie analizy pyłkowej wiek osadów omawianej serii określono na wyższą część dolnego miocenu. Zapis palinologiczny zawarty w spektrach pyłkowych z głębokości 60,95-61,45 m (poziom N-1 -lasy z dominacją Pinus i Betula oraz stosunkowo dużym udziałem Corylus) wskazuje, że sedymentacja tych osadów odbywała się podczas interstadiału. Poziom pyłkowy N-2 (lasy sosnowe i sosnowo-brzozowe) odpowiada prawdopodobnie końcowej fazie tego interstadiału, a poziom N-3 (roslinność otwarta o charakterze zimnego stepu z bardzo wysokim udziałem Artemisia) rejestruje następujące po nim ochłodzenie rangi stadiału. Obraz roślinności zrekonstruowany na podstawie zapisu pyłkowego z odcinka 58,4-59,5 m młodszej serii organicznej wskazuje, że reprezentuje on schyłek ocieplenia o nieznanej randze stratygraficznej (poziom N-4: lasy z dominacją Pinus i Betula oraz niewielkim udziałem Picea) i pierwsze następujące po nim ochłodzenie klimatu (poziom N-S: roślinność otwarta z przewagą Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Betula napa typ, Juniperus i Artemisia oraz Cypsophilafastigiata, Helianthemum, Chenopodiaceae, Filipendula, Thalictrum i typami Aster, Anthemis, Anemone). Charakter roślinności nie pozwala na określenie wieku tego odcinka profilu za pomocą danych palinologicznych. Wyniki analizy pyłkowej pozwoliły stwierdzić, że w rejonie doliny Narwi i na południe od niej strop osadów trzeciorzędowych znajduje się na wysokości około 638 m n.p.m., o około 45-50 m płycej niż zakładano to pierwotnie, a seria utworów plejstoceńskich jest zredukowana.