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1

Thermal analysis and thermovision laboratory tests of electric brakes

Domański R., Grygorcewicz P.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 4

125--131

EN

The purpose of this article was to show two thing thermal issues theory and thermovision tests in the laboratory. The main idea of this article was to describe the thermal issues theory of interesting problem base on the thermovision tests of new type electric brake prototype. After the creation of new product the designer needed to know how behave the prototype of the brake during tests with higher energy which could increase the temperatures on the object in our case of the electric brake prototype. The first step in that kind of issues was thermal analysis, which is very useful to define and subscribe the thermal issues. The second step it was measurement of the temperature, which was really significant during the electric brake tests. It was really important to check the temperature of engines. If there was some influence to the brake during braking. One of the method was using special thermal camera. The camera was checking the temperature during whole test after beginning the test to the end of the trial. The full spectrum of the temperature allowed the author to verify if there was some influence of temperature to the new electric brake prototype. The thermocouple was other type of sensors, which was normally used in our laboratory methodology to check temperature during the test. The pyrometer was other type of the method, which was used to measure the temperature after the test. The results of this measurement were subscribed in this article.

2

Issues during assembly new type of electric brake prototype and initial tests of individual components

Grygorcewicz P.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 3

213--218

EN

In this article, the author focused on the two main issues. Firstly, the assembly phase of the new type of electric brake prototype was described and secondly author introduced the initial tests of individual components. The assembly phase of the new prototype of the electric brake was very significant. In this stage, the parts were fitted and mounted. The new functionality of new type prototype was checked and the designing was verified. If there were some mounting problems this was proper time to correct the dimensions and exchange parts. Sometimes the materials or even or heat treatment of some part were exchanged. In that kind of prototype, it was really important to check electric parts like motors during the load. The most important issue was to find the best solution. The motors weight should have been as small as possible and the nominal torque should have been enough for normal working of prototype. In the initial tests of individual components, the real parameters were tested and possibility of using the parts was checked too. During designing phase, the parameters were defined and the tests results gave the answers for the possibility of real working on the object. The most important parameters there were the motors parameters and the possibility of mechanism force transmission.

3

Designing process of landing gear in 3D CAD program

Grygorcewicz P.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 3

165--170

EN

This article presents selected issues related to the design methodology of the landing gear during the construction process. The 3D modelling of the landing gear nowadays is very popular method, which simplifies the process and reduces the costs of the prototype. The author used the designing program Solid Edge ST 7. The concepts and phases of designing will be shown in this elaboration. Readers can see the problems resolved by designers and this is showing the scale of designing challenges. The landing gear consist of many parts and every of this parts needs to be design to meet the requirements of construction. Only experienced designers can effort to design landing gear because they have to acquire specific knowledge. The aim of the paper is to discuss design process from the very beginning first steps to the final version of the landing gear. All of different factors like weight, durability, resistance of the weather are taken into account when designing a prototype of the landing gear as well as economical factor of the design. It is also necessary to verify the design during its creation using experimental and laboratory test data from other similar designs. The article also subscribes some methods, which help designer to find the proper solution. The presented landing gear was designed by Landing Gear Laboratory team Institute of Aviation.

4

Stanowisko i wytyczne do badań ABS w samolotach

Grygorcewicz P., Paprzycki I.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 3

1652--1657, CD 1

PL

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienia związane z budową stanowisk wykorzystywanych przy badaniu prototypów ASB w samolotach. Pokazana została budowa takiego stanowiska integrującego układy mechaniczne, pneumatyczne, hydrauliczne, elektroniczne oraz sterowania. Dopiero wszystkie te połączone układy stanowią całość. Autorzy przedstawiają stronę mechaniczną budowy stanowiska dostosowanego do dynamicznych prób układu ABS w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Badania laboratoryjne pozwalają zasymulować skrajne warunki użytkowania, niemożliwe do osiągnięcia podczas prób w locie ze względów bezpieczeństwa, mogące wystąpić podczas eksploatacji. Wiedza na temat działania układu w takich warunkach jest niezbędna w celu potwierdzenia spełnienia wymagań. W artykule autorzy opisują proces modernizacji stanowiska laboratoryjnego na potrzeby prób układu ABS z uwzględnieniem konieczności spełnienia wytycznych opracowanych w projekcie technicznym.

EN

The article presents the issues related to the construction of ABS station used in the laboratory test ABS prototype in airplanes. In the article the construction is shown.. ABS station integrates mechanical systems, pneumatic, hydraulic and electrical systems, and control. These all systems are connected together. In this article has been maliny shown the mechanical side of construction. Laboratory tests allow to simulate extreme conditions, wchich may occur during the field operation, impossible to achieve during flight tests because of safety. Knowledge of the system behavior in such an environment is necessary in order to confirm compliance. In this article the authors describe the laboratory test stand modernization for the ABS system testing purpose. The need to comply with the guidelines developed in the technical design were taken into account in order to design proper test stand.

5

Wytyczne do badań lotniskowych układu ABS

Tywoniuk A., Grygorcewicz P.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 3

6486--6492

PL

Niezwykle istotne są badania lotniskowe, które wykonuje się w przypadku bardzo innowacyjnych konstrukcji lotniczych. Hamulce pojazdów mechanicznych ze względu na rolę, jaką spełniają podlegają restrykcyjnym badaniom. Badania te przeprowadzane są na poziomie wdrożenia nowej konstrukcji do użytkowania oraz w trakcie trwania eksploatacji. Szczególnie dokładne badania dotyczą hamulców o dużej energochłonności przeznaczonych do statków powietrznych, czasem do ciężkich samochodów mogących poruszać się ze znacznymi prędkościami. Hamulce lotnicze bada się według zasad oraz na urządzeniach niespotykanych dla innych rodzajów pojazdów. Jednocześnie niedopuszczalna jest sytuacja zmiany konstrukcji, bez uprzedniego przebadania hamulca. W artykule autorzy przedstawią wytyczne do badań hamulców lotniczych z ABS-em przeprowadzanych w warunkach terenowych na lotnisku.

EN

Ground tests of innovative aircraft structures are extremely important in order to prevent design errors. The vehicle brakes are subject to strict testing due to the their role. High energy brakes for aircraft as well as for heavy ground vehicles that could move at significant speeds are the subject for the strict test procedures. Aircraft brakes are tested for the compliance with aviation regulations using special designed test rigs. What is more brake design cannot be changed without verification tests. In this paper, the authors present guidelines for ground tests of aircraft brakes with antilock system.

6

Projektowanie i optymalizacja hamulców o napędzie elektrycznym

Grygorcewicz P., Jachimowicz J., Pietrzakowski M.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 3

2239--2245

PL

Artykuł przedstawia proces projektowania hamulców o napędzie elektrycznym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem różnych istotnych czynników wpływających na konstrukcję hamulca. Zaakcentowane zostały podstawowe fazy związane ściśle z projektowaniem prototypów: proces projektowania, optymalizacja MES i badania laboratoryjne, które są bardzo istotne i sciśle ze sobą powiązane. Przedstawiona została takze budowa hamulca elektrycznego.

EN

This article presents selected issues related to the design methodology of the electric brakes during the construction process as well as other factors which are important in the design process. The main parts of the design process are: design, FEM (Finite Element Methods) calculation and laboratory tests. Nowadays when new solution of brakes is being designed there is a need to take into account various factors influencing the design. The aim of the paper is to discuss design process from the very beginning. The building of the new prototype electric brakes was shown.

7

Tests and selection methodology for brake linings friction material

Grygorcewicz P., Tywoniuk A.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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Vol. 21, No. 1

91--97

EN

This article presents selected issues related to the selection methodology of the brake linings during the research process. It is a very important issue due to effect on the vehicle safety. Safety concerns are applicable to both road/track vehicles and aircraft. Scientific institutions and research centers make continuous efforts in order to improve brake lining materials and full-scale brakes. Analytical prediction of the friction material properties and behavior is not accurate enough due to complexity of the physical phenomena. Analysis of the friction materials is difficult due to scarce of data given by the manufacturers. Every friction material needs to be tested in order to prove its properties. First stage of the selection is the tests made in laboratory using both model and full-scale techniques. Because of the laboratory tests, following parameters are obtained: weight and geometrical brake wear, braking torque, friction coefficient and brake temperature. All of these factors must be taken into account for linings selection and design a prototype of the brake. Selection of the friction material can be performed in consideration of various requirements of the brake system users and law defined factors. Authors of the paper base on the extensive experience of the Institute of Aviation, Landing Gear Laboratory tests of brake linings.

8

Badanie laboratoryjne hamulców ciernych w Laboratorium Badań Podwozi Lotniczych

Grygorcewicz P., Skorupka Z.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2013

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R. 20, nr 10

1155--1161, CD

PL

W momencie, gdy powstanie nowa prototypowa konstrukcja hamulca po jego wykonaniu zakładzie produkcyjnym trzeba jeszcze przeprowadzić badania, aby sprawdzić, czy przyjęte założenia konstrukcyjne są spełnione. Hamulce pojazdów mechanicznych ze względu na rolę, jaką spełniają podlegają restrykcyjnym badaniom. Badania te są prowadzone na poziomie wdrożenia nowej konstrukcji do użytkowania oraz w trakcie trwania eksploatacji. W artykule opisane zostały badania jakie przeprowadza się na prototypowych konstrukcjach hamulców w Laboratorium Podwozi Lotniczych Instytutu Lotnictwa.

EN

Nowadays when brake prototype is created the company responsible for it needs to do the laboratory tests to check if the construction is designed well and works correctly. Mechanical brakes due to their important role must be test very carefully. These tests are done when the new construction is implemented and also during vehicle maintenance. This article describes procedure of laboratory testing, which is performed in Landing Gear Department Institution of Aviation for all of the brake systems and friction materials evaluated for aviation and road vehicles.

9

Analysis of electric - drive applicability in mechanical brake for the commuter class airplane

Grygorcewicz P.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 2

143--148

EN

This article presents selected issues related to the design methodology of the electric brakes during the construction process as well as other factors which are important in the design process. It is a very important issue due to affect on the airplane and automotive brake design. Nowadays when new solution of brakes is being designed there is a need to take into account various factors influencing the design such as: weight, compatibility and flexibility of use in various aircraft, reliability and durability, ease of installation and maintenance, low-cost operation and low cost components, braking efficiency, short braking distance. All of these factors are taken into account when designing a prototype of the electric brake as well as economical factor of the design. It is also necessary to verify the design during its creation using experimental and laboratory test data from other similar designs. The aim of the paper is to discuss design process from the very beginning (i.e. by comparing features of the electric brakes with other types of brakes in order to show advantages and disadvantages of chosen solution) to the creation of a working demonstrator in future. Author of the paper in his electric brake design bases on the experience of the Warsaw’s Institute of Aviation Landing Gear Department.

10

Wybrane zagadnienia projektowania hamulców

Grygorcewicz P., Skorupka Z.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2013

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R. 14, nr 3

565-573

PL

W artykule przedstawione zostały zagadnienia związane z projektowaniem hamulców. Metodykę projektowania hamulców, jak również proces konstrukcyjny. Różne czynniki brane pod uwagę przy projektowaniu oraz także te wpływające na konstrukcje hamulców lotniczych i samochodowych.

EN

This article presents selected issues related to the design of the brakes. Brakes design methodology as well as the construction process. Other factors which are important in the design process and also affect airplane and automotive brake design.