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The Signal Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus : Distribution and Invasion in the Southern Baltic Coastal River

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Skóra M. E., Raczyński M., Szaniawska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

445--452

EN

The signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) of North American origin was introduced to Europe (to Scandinavia) in the 1960s. Since that time due to translocation to many countries, biological features and ecological plasticity, it became widespread, invasive and displaced native species. The paper reports first multi- point colonization of P. leniusculus in the Polish rivers. The aim of the study was to determine the current distribution of the signal crayfish in the coastal Baltic tributary (the River Wieprza) after 20 years of deliberate releases in its drainage area. During sampling at 28 sites with use of the “Pirate” crayfish traps and hand collection methods in spring and summer 2014, 127 P. leniusculus individuals were found at 8 sites in the Wieprza and its two tributaries, both away from and close to known sites of their introduction in 1995 and 1996 in the Wieprza River drainage area. The species spreads via the Wieprza River towards the Baltic brackish waters. With such expansion of this species, it is expected to be found in Polish coastal waters of the Baltic Sea and in other coastal rivers in the near future. The conflict between legal aspects of the signal crayfish farming, colonization by the species of the natural aquatic ecosystems and the expectations of consumers is discussed.

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Spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) on its way to the open coastal waters of the Baltic Sea

Szaniawska A., Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Jaszczołt J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 4

451--463

EN

The aim of this work was to assess the adaptive capabilities of the spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) in the open coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. The results could help to predict the likely further expansion of this species and its colonization of brackish waters. The following aspects were discussed in the paper: the occurrence of the species in the Polish coastal zone of the Baltic Sea, the plasticity demonstrated in the body size of individual crayfishes, food preferences, hemolymph osmolality and reproduction in waters of different salinities, which enable the species to colonize brackish waters. In the Vistula Lagoon (salinity 2-3 PSU), where the population of O. limosus is stable, the length of individuals ranged from 77 to 118 mm. These crayfish mostly fed on fodder; the second and the third food preferences were crayfish abdominal muscle and green algae. O. limosus is a hyper-regulator in freshwaters and at low salinities (up to 13 PSU), and a hyporegulator at higher salinities (14, 21, 28, 35 PSU). Laboratory studies showed that the embryonic development of O. limosus at salinities of 3 and 7 PSU was normal and a high level of reproductive success was achieved. Salinity of 3 PSU is more favorable for the development of juveniles than 7 PSU. It seems to be just a matter of time before this crayfish starts to form populations in the brackish, coastal waters of the Baltic Sea.

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Range extension of Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) in Poland (the Baltic Sea basin) and its ability to osmoregulate in different environmental salinities

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Melzer M., Majkowski W.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2015

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Vol. 44, No. 3

294--304

EN

The paper reports the range extension of the Ponto- Caspian gammarid Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) and the first occurrence of this species in new areas of the Polish part of the Baltic Sea basin: the Śmiała Vistula and the Vistula Lagoon. The studies additionally determine the osmoregulatory ability of the species under laboratory conditions within the salinity range of 2-22 PSU. Determination of the osmoregulation of the species shows that D. villosus is a hyperregulator at given experimental salinities and can function in a wide range of external salinities so it is potentially able to colonize various water bodies. Osmoregulatory capacity, which is an indicator of organism’s efforts to regulate the concentration of its body fluids, shows that for individuals from the Gulf of Gdańsk, 6 PSU is the best tolerated salinity. Osmoregulatory capacity is the lowest at this salinity value. The range extension and potential osmoregulatory abilities of the species to spread to other waters are discussed in the context of pollution levels given in the literature with reference to the habitat and sensitivity of the species to e.g. fluoride and cadmium toxicity.

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Ponto-Caspian gammarids – new species in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea)

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Kendzierska H., Szaniawska A.

Journal of Ecology and Health

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2013

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R. 17, nr 3

110--114

EN

Non-indigenous gammarid species: Pontogammarus robustoides (G.O.Sars, 1894), Obesogammarus crassus (G.O. Sars, 1894), Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841) and Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) are present in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea). These species reached the Gulf of Gdańsk by 2010 near the point where the River Vistula flows into the Baltic Sea, and become constituents of the amphipods in shallow bottom. All the gammarid species found are of Ponto-Caspian origin. They have been able to move across Europe along rivers and canals, and inhabit reservoirs and drainage systems in the vicinity of such waterways. D. villosus is the latest gammarid species to have colonized Poland. The floods that afflicted Poland in May and June 2010 could have had a significant influence, intensifying as they did the inflow of water from the Vistula into the Gulf of Gdańsk. This could have accelerated the arrival of individuals of these species. The water salinity at the sampling stations was 5.8 – 6.1 PSU. The possible invasion of non-native gammarids may have important consequences for the benthic fauna communities in the Gulf of Gdańsk.

PL

Nierodzime gatunki kiełży: Pontogammarus robustoides (G.O.Sars, 1894), Obesogammarus crassus (G.O. Sars, 1894), Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841) and Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) obecne są już w Zatoce Gdańskiej (Bałtyk Południowy). Gatunki te pojawiły się w Zatoce Gdańskiej w 2010 roku, niedaleko ujścia Wisły do Bałtyku i stały się składnikiem obunogów płytkiego dna. Wszystkie wymienione gatunki są pochodzenia ponto-kaspisjkiego. Przedostały się do Europy rzekami i kanałami, i zasiedlają zlewnie tych rzek. D. villosus jest najnowszym przybyszem, który skolonizował Polskę. Najprawdopodobniej powódź, która dotknęła Polskę w maju i czerwcu 2010 roku zintensyfikowała napływ wód Wisły do Zatoki Gdańskiej. Przyśpieszyło to przedostanie się osobników wymienionych gatunków do Zatoki Gdańskiej. Zasolenie wody na stacjach zbioru materiału wynosiło od 5.8 do 6.1 PSU. Inwazja nierodzimych gatunków kiełży może znacznie wpłynąć na zespoły bentosowe Zatoki Gdańskiej.

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Przekop przez Mierzeję Wiślaną czy ingerencja w bioróżnorodność Zalewu Wiślanego?

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Kozakiewicz J.

Journal of Ecology and Health

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2011

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R. 15, nr 5

211-218

PL

Budowa kanału łączącego Zalew Wiślany z Morzem Bałtyckim to ogromna inwestycja, która może mieć wpływ na środowisko, zarówno w trakcie budowy, jak i w czasie jej użytkowania. Idea tego kontrowersyjnego przedsięwzięcia wciąż odżywa. Artykuł podejmuje dyskusję różnych aspektów hipotetycznego wpływu przekopu na ekosystem Zalewu Wiślanego, a szczególnie na jego różnorodność gatunkową w bezpośredniej lokalizacji inwestycji.

EN

The ditch through the Vistula Spit, connecting the Vistula Lagoon with the Baltic Sea is the huge investment, which may effect on the environment during the building and exploitation. Idea of this controversial investment still revives. Hypothetical effects of the ditch through the Vistula Spit on the ecosystem of the Vistula Lagoon and especially on its biodiversity of macrozoobenthos near the onvestment are discuss.

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First records of Ponto-Caspian gammarids in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea) [commun.]

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Rzemykowska H.

Oceanologia

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2010

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No. 52 (4)

727-735

EN

The paper reports the first records of non-indigenous Ponto-Caspian gammarid species: Pontogammarus robustoides (G. O. Sars, 1894), Obesogammarus crassus (G. O. Sars, 1894), Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841) and the latest colonizer - Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) - in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea).

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New data on the non-indigenous gammarids in the Vistula Delta and the Vistula Lagoon [commun.]

Surowiec J., Dobrzycka-Krahel A.

Oceanologia

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2008

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No. 50 (3)

443-447

EN

This communication reports on the occurrence of non-indigenous gammarid species of Ponto-Caspian and of North American origin - in the lower course of the River Vistula, in its Delta and in the Vistula Lagoon.

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The effect of hypoxia and anoxia on osmotic concentrations of Corophium volutator (Pallas) from the Gulf of Gdańsk

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Szaniawska A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2005

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Vol. 34, No.1

99--109

EN

The aim of the investigations was to determine the effect of hypoxia and anoxia on the osmoregulation of Corophium volutator. The experiments were performed at salinities of 3.0, 6.6,15.0, and 25.0 PSU in conditions of hypoxia (saturation = 30% O2) and anoxia at a constant temperature of 10°C. Control experiments in aerated water were conducted simultaneously. Hypoxia (saturation = 30% O2) had no statistically significant effect on the osmoregulation of C. volutator after either 6 h or 48 h. However, after 6 h it did lower the osmotic concentration slightly. After 6 h anoxia had no effect on osmoregulation, but no subsequent effects of this factor (after 24 and 48 h) were detectable due to high animal mortality. Anoxia also had no effect on osmoregulation after 24 h at salinities of 15.0 and 25.0 PSU or 48 h at 15.0 PSU.