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EN
Oil prices one of the main factors influencing the national economy in the long run. Their development has been unpredictable in the last years and it will likely continue in the future. They will be influenced by the geopolitical situation, the development of the world economy and the problems of the European currency union can also have an impact. The paper aims at the development of oil and fuel prices and their impacts on carrier costs and the transport sector as a whole.
CS
Ceny ropy jsou jedním z hlavních faktorů ovlivňujících národní ekonomiky i ekonomiku světovou. Jejich vývoj je v posledních letech obtížně predikovatelný a lze očekávat, že tomu tak bude i v budoucnu. Ceny ropy budou ovlivňovány mnoha nepředvídatelnými faktory, jako je geopolitická situace, vývoj HDP nebo problém Evropské měnové unie. Tento článek analyzuje ceny ropy a ukazuje, jak jejich růst v posledních letech ovlivňuje ceny pohonných hmot a náklady dopravců.
2
Content available Privacy issues of electronic passports
EN
Electronic passports combine classical passport booklets with the smartcard technology, biometrics and cryptography. The communication with the electronic passports is based on contactless ISO 14443 technology, designed for the communication distance of 0-10 cm. This paper is focused on the privacy aspects of the electronic passports. Weaknesses of the basic access control and extended access control are discussed. Significant emphasis is put on passport fingerprinting which may allow guessing the issuing country. Aspects of biometric data formats, skimming, eavesdropping and active authentication challenge semantics are also covered. The conclusions sum up recommendations for passport holders and issuers.
EN
The contribution deals with the use of fuzzy regulators, which are used for modelling and identification of insulating materials for electrical rotary machines. For this purpose, we have used the fuzzy controller with the Sugeno fuzzy inference engine. The objective of this contribution is to outline the problems of adjusting the Sugeno fuzzy controller and determining what of the parameters have dominant influence on the time curve of the identification process of insulating material. By using the term "identification process", we understand the determination of the insulating material parameters on the basis of which it is possible to predict the lifetime of the insulating material.
EN
The contribution deals with the lifetime prediction of the Relanex insulating material used for the electrical rotary machine windings. By means of quantities Bv, Ba, Uk and utilizing the fuzzy apparatus in the form of fuzzy predictor, we determine the intensity of breakdown voltage and, consequently, the current state of the insulating material from the point of view of electric strength and the lifetime prediction of the material. To predict the breakdown voltage intensity, the fuzzy predictor of Sugeno type was used, particularly for easy setting of input parameters. According to the matrix of the values of individual inputs (Bv, Ba, Uk, Up) measured and the subsequent training phase, it is possible to predict the values of critical voltage Ups that can be further compared with real breakdown voltages Up and to make evaluations on the basis of relative and absolute errors.
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