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Microbiological treatment of post-industrial water : Example of efficient bioremediation of the heavily polluted Kalina pond, Poland

Starzec Katarzyna, Stańkowska Emilia, Supel Paulina, Mazur Robert, Surma Piotr, Kaszycki Paweł

Journal of Water and Land Development

2024

no. 60

236--245

The Kalina pond has been well known as a severely degraded area in the Silesia region, Poland. The environmental deterioration results from high contamination of water and bottom sediments with recalcitrant and toxic organic compounds, mainly phenol. The study was aimed at developing a bioremediation-based approach suitable for this type of polluted areas, involving microbiological treatment of water as a key and integral part of other necessary actions: mechanical interventions and the use of physical methods. During the initial biological treatment stage, autochthonous microorganisms were isolated from contaminated samples of water, soil and sediment, then subjected to strong selective pressure by incubation with the pollutants, and finally, cultivated to form a specialised microbial consortium consisting of five extremophilic bacterial strains. Consortium propagation and its biodegradation activity were optimised under variant conditions enabling bacteria to proliferate and to obtain high biomass density at large volumes allowing for the in situ application. After installing aeration systems in the pond, the consortium was surface-sprinkled to launch bioremediation and then both bacterial frequency and the contaminant level was systematically monitored. The complex remediation strategy proved efficient and was implemented on an industrial scale enabling successful remedial of the affected site. Treatment with the specifically targeted and adapted microbial consortium allowed for removal of most organic pollutants within a four-month season of 2022: the chemical oxygen demand (COD) value decreased by 72%, polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) level by 97%, while the content of total phenols and other monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) dropped below the detection thresholds.

Cadmium exposure of heavy metal-tolerant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (the common ice plant) stimulates gas exchange

Kaczmarczyk Adriana Maria, Nosek Michał, Kaszycki Paweł, Supel Paulina, Miszalski Zbigniew

Archives of Environmental Protection

2023

Vol. 49, no 4

21--26

When exposed to high cadmium concentrations applied to the soil, the abiotic stress-tolerant, semihalophytic C3 /CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) photosynthetic intermediate plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. demonstrates negligible poisoning symptoms with well-protected photochemical activity. Gas exchange analysis of the soil-grown plants exposed to Cd concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 mM revealed stimulation of net photosynthesis in the C3 metabolic state, and this observation coincided with an increase in the transpiration level. The obtained results suggest that the initial action of Cd after the administration of this heavy metal is the stimulation of stomata opening.

Przypołudnik kryształkowy (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) to semihalofit o metabolizmie przejściowym C3 /CAM, cechujący się dużą odpornością na stres abiotyczny, w tym na obecność wysokich stężeń kadmu w podłożu. W przeprowadzonych eksperymentach, przy stężeniach 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 oraz 10.0 mM soli kadmu aplikowanej do gleby stwierdzono znikome uszkodzenia tkanek liściowych zarówno u roślin realizujących fotosyntezę typu C3 , jak i CAM. U roślin typu C3 po ekspozycji na kadm zaobserwowano stymulację fotosyntezy netto (PN), który to proces zachodził równolegle ze zwiększeniem intensywności transpiracji. Zaobserwowany wzrost intensywności transpiracji w ciemności wskazuje na stymulację otwarcia aparatów szparkowych pod wpływem działania Cd. Udokumentowano brak istotnych zmian w aktywności fotochemicznej u obu grup roślin w odpowiedzi na traktowanie roztworem kadmu, co wskazuje na obecność dodatkowych mechanizmów chroniących aparat fotochemiczny, a uruchamianych w celu zapobiegania pojawianiu się toksycznych efektów tego metalu