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Bakteryjne strategie wykorzystania jonów metali – kulisy chemii koordynacyjnej

Piasta Karolina, Mular Andrzej, Rola Anna, Dzyhovskyi Valentyn, Potok Paulina, Orzeł Bartosz, Potocki Sławomir, Stokowa-Sołtys Kamila, Kozłowski Henryk, Gumienna-Kontecka Elżbieta

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2022

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[Z] 76, 5-6

287-308

EN

In the Biological Inorganic Chemistry Group we are inspired to better understand metal ions acquisition and homeostasis in pathogenic bacteria, and in this review we present three different approaches to the role of these processes. The growing importance of a full understanding of the iron transport system in pathogens prompted us to study synthetic analogs of siderophores, used as structural probes in the process of iron uptake by microorganisms. The ferrichrome biomimetic analogs allowed efficient Fe(III) chelation under biological conditions and were recognized better by P. putida. than E. coli, suggesting differences in uptake mechanisms. Addition of a fluorescent probe to the compound allowed to track biological fate of studied complexes [1, 2]. Biomimetics of ferrioxamine E revealed their potential as radioactive 68Ga(III)-based probes [3], and studies of Zr(IV) complexes permitted to explain the in vivo behavior of desferrioxamine B as 89Zr(IV) radionuclide carrier [4], as well as design better chelators for this metal ion [5]. One of the possible mammalian immune system responsesto mycobacterial infection is the increase of Zn(II) concentration in phagosomes to a toxic level [6-8]. The mycobacterial SmtB protein is a transcription regulator that in the presence of high concentrations of metals, dissociates from DNA and activates the expression of metal efflux proteins. We focused on α5 Zn(II) binding domains of SmtB/BigR4 proteins [9], looking at the coordination modes and thermodynamics of their Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes. The study points out the specificity of metal-ligand interactions and the effect of mutations on the coordination properties of studied systems. The project can be considered as an introduction to the new strategies in tuberculosis treatment based on Zn(II)/Ni(II)-sensitive mechanisms. F. nucleatum is an anaerobic bacteria present in the plaque. It leads not only to periodontal diseases but also, angina, purulent inflammation of the lung tissue or reproductive organs [10]. Moreover, F. nucleatum promotes colon cancer growth [11]. This bacteria strain promotes inflammation and tumorigenesis by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment [12, 13]. Microbial pathogens drive tumorigenesis in 15–20% of cancer cases [14]. However, not only microorganisms are considered a major risk factor, but also metal ions play an important role in tumor promotion [15, 16]. Therefore, our primary research goal is to investigate the effect of metal ions coordination on the activity of outer-membrane proteins from F. nucleatum and to answer whether these proteins increase the prooxidative activity of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions [16-18].

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The eye-tracking usage for testing customers' gaze on conformity marks placed on products packages

Orzeł Bartosz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 151

513--524

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to perform the idea of eye-tracking method based research, which will allow us to testing the customers gaze on the conformity marks placed on products packages. The aim of this article is to present the possible way of eye-tracking based research method, an experiment the results of which can be used for future research and statistical analyzes. Design/methodology/approach: To perform the eye-tracking based research, the path and methodology of conducting this research was shown. The basic research method proposed in this paper is experiment, which output should be heat maps with areas, on which people look will be marked. Additionally, the project of short survey, which respondents should complete after eye-tracking examination was presented. The subject of paper is theoretical, but shown methodology, which makes it possible to carry out the same or similar research in reality. Findings: The main finding of this article is the creation of eye-tracking method based research proposal way, which should allow us to analyze both on conformity marks gazing by customers and other elements of packages. Additionally, the survey conducted after experiment can give researchers an ability to accordance assessment to real conformity marks and other etiquettes/packages marks, on which customers are looking at, and what they think are looking at. It may also allow us obtaining other information, such as: awareness of the types and concept of compliance marks, the voluntary nature of their placement, and also whether consumers care what marks of compliance are marked with the purchased product. Research limitations/implications: This is the proposition of the way to conduct an experiment. The survey after eye-tracking experiment is created by an author and questions were not prepared with use specific methodology. It is possible to repeat this research with other things placed on products packages and elements of etiquettes. Practical implications: The practical implication is the ability to develop and use presented path for different things placed on packages, showing on screens etc. It can also leads to conducting other similar researches with usage of this path/way/method. Social implications: This research may allow us to know, on what conformity and also safety signs customers look most common. These research can also lead to user safety improvement. Originality/value: Using eye-tracking technique in different researches etc. is well known and is not a new method, but in this paper it is transposed especially to conformity marks gazing in specific and practical way of conduct. Basing on literature review the research problem was stated: there are not many or no studies on the use and technical application of eye tracking to study the perception of conformity marks.

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The CSR and greenwashing concepts knowledge and perceptions among employees of Polish organizations – a pilot study

Orzeł Bartosz, Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 154

201--215

EN

Purpose: The involvement of enterprises in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting is one of the most important aspects of contemporary business ethics. The purpose of the study is to examine the perception and knowledge of employees who work in enterprises declaring and to record their observations in case of CSR, its reporting and greenwashing phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents a pilot study. A partially categorized interview method was used. The interview was divided into three parts: Part I – Employee satisfaction with work in an organization that declares to act socially responsible. Part II is connected to an employee's view of the corporate social responsibility of the organization in which he works. Part III – the concept of corporate social responsibility and greenwashing. Additionally the survey was conducted. All data was collected and conclusions were drawn. The research sample consisted of 10 people who were interviewed and among whom a survey was conducted. All respondents work in enterprises that declare and report corporate social responsibility. Findings: The vast majority of employees of enterprises are aware of issues related to CSR reporting. They also know the concept of greenwashing. However, the soft aspects related to informing employees about CSR and reporting are problematic. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this paper is research sample, which was 10 respondents/participants of survey/interviews. However, it should be remembered that this is a pilot study that is to initiate research on a larger scale. Practical implications: The results of the study proposed in the article, which would be conducted on a larger scale, may provide a picture of the insights of employees directly involved in the business process declared as socially responsible. This may allow determining the most important factors for the organization, which determine the satisfaction and commitment to work of people employed in socially responsible enterprises. Also their work efficiency, commitment to building organizational culture and conviction to the values well-established in the company can be improved Originality/value: On the basis of the literature analysis, it can be noticed that research on the perception of CSR mainly relates to building the non-financial value of enterprises or consumer perceptions/attitudes. On this basis, a research gap was identified in the field of knowledge and CSR perception and job satisfaction of employees actively participating in socially responsible business processes or CSR reporting.

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The adoption of SERVQUAL method to analyze the quality assurance factors of personal protective equipment for health care workers

Orzeł Bartosz, Horodecka Anna Maria

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 151

501--512

EN

Purpose: The purpose of article is to perform the analysis method based on SERVQUAL method, which will allow us to analyze and asses factors connected to quality assurance of health care workers' personal protective equipment and its level. Design/methodology/approach: The main objective is to present method of data collection. It should be achieved by using a SERVQUAL method adoption to create a set of questions, which can be directed to medical and health care workers. The main method used in research is questionnaire. Scores from it can be useful for further statistical analysis. The approach on this stage of research is theoretical. Findings: The main finding is create useful questionnaire, which can be helpful to analyze and asses factors and level of quality assurance of health care workers' personal protective equipment (PPE). The other one is to use GAP method to discover 5 gaps in PPE delivery to health care workers in Polish medical facilities. Research limitations/implications: This paper presents only adopted to research in PPE quality of health care workers SERVQUAL method and the build of questionnaire (survey), which will be useful to next researches and statistical analysis It will be introduce in future, however the proposition of action path was shown in this paper. Practical implications: A useful questionnaire can be implicate in broader understood improvement of health care workers' personal protective equipment quality. This questionnaire should allow us to analyze and define, which elements of equipment are mostly limited and need in Polish health care institutions such as hospitals, clinics etc. Social implications: The main positive result is define what is necessary to improve and assure good quality and safety in COVID-19 pandemic times both for health care workers and patients. Introducing of further suggested actions can help to minimize risk of infection, which can contribute to improving the sense of security and social order in these times. Originality/value: This paper touches important in COVID-19 pandemic times issues, which are connected to health care workers safety and hence for all society.

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Quality of services provided by Silesian healthcare institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic – results of the survey

Jurasik Julia, Kręt Paulina, Orzeł Bartosz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 154

67--79

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is determine the level of medical services quality provided by medical clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The research was based on analyzing the results of a survey conducted among patients of Silesian clinics. First, a survey sheet was designed using the SERVQUAL model. The next step was to conduct a study in clinics in Silesia. As part of the study, 50 patients’ survey votes were received and analyzed. Findings: Respondents rate the state of health care in Poland as good, telehealth should be reserved for those in quarantine, and should be conducted only when prescriptions are being written, not when diagnosing a patient, respondents pointed out that medical facilities provided meeting conditions that did not expose patients to COVID-19 infection, hence it seems unjustified to use tele advice for patients not under compulsory quarantine. Research limitations/implications: The main research limitation is the number of feedback surveys received. If there were more votes, the research sample could be even more credible. Practical implications: The study was conducted in times of a real epidemiological threat. The results of the study show how, in a group of 50 patients, the key aspects related to the provision of medical care in Silesian healthcare institutions are perceived. Social implications: Patients’ observations regarding the functioning of the health care system in times of a pandemic and the key aspects related to ensuring access to this care are extremely valuable tips that may improve the standard of medical care in Poland also during possible future pandemic waves. Originality/value: Carrying out a literature analysis indicated that there were no studies conducted among patients so far. Thus, the research gap was defined. The authors decided to conduct the study directly among patients by sending the sheets to medical clinics.

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Corporate social responsibility reports on Polish market over the years – comparison and analysis

Orzeł Bartosz, Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 153

343--356

EN

Purpose: Based on the literature, a research gap was defined regarding the comparison of actual CSR reports submitted by enterprises in Poland over the years. Design/methodology/approach: The comparison and analysis of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) reports from years 2007 to 2020 was conducted by obtaining available reports of various companies from individual years and comparing them in terms of the reporting approach in accordance with the reporting guidelines (Global Reporting Initiative – GRI guidelines). During the comparative analysis 184 reports were compared each other. The result is a verdict on the detail and overall "quality" of corporate CSR reports and approach to reporting over 13 years. Findings: The conducted analysis shown that CSR reports are more and more compliant with the guidelines and these standards positively affect the standardization of the reported results. Despite, the fact that Polish organizations still do not voluntarily report in the same amount as many companies in Western Europe, they have learned and developed reporting methods and improve the quality of their reports over the years. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this paper is the amount of reports, which were compared in paper. To obtain a broader picture of non-financial data reporting, including CSR reports in Poland, it is necessary to refer to a larger number of reports. It does not take into account the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is worth to check which companies from each sector put the most non-financial information in their reports. The implication is the study allowed to obtain the current result CSR Reporting evolution process in Poland and the trend of reporting during last 13 years on the base of research sample. Originality/value: The value of this paper is theoretical. This is proposal to analyze the CSR reports submitted over the years in Poland. The conducted literature analysis made it possible to determine the research gap in this area. This paper is addressed to those, who are interested in CSR reporting trend and the quality of CSR reporting in Poland. The results of analysis bases on both past and actual reports (from 2007 to 2020).

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Non-financial value creation due to non-financial data reporting quality

Orzeł Bartosz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 148

605--617

EN

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to show non-financial value creation due to CSR reporting processes, a study on reports standards, types of reports submit by Polish enterprises and the statistics of the usage of these standards. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, GRI guideline requirements were presented as a path to good-quality report creation. Additionally, an example of quality assurance in CSR reporting in accordance with GRI guideline requirements was presented. The paper is based on the case study method. Findings: The result of the literature analysis is to show an approach to reporting non-financial data in a comprehensive manner and in accordance with GRI guidelines. The other aspect is to show the influence of CSR reporting quality on non-financial value. Social implications: Reporting of corporate social responsibility by business organisations and entities is an example of improving the quality of human life, in particular in economic, social and environmental issues. The constant improvement of non-financial data reporting has significant impact on safety and sustainability in business and social development. Originality/value: The paper shows specific view on non-financial value in connection with stakeholders and organisations’ interest groups.

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Overview of greenwashing methods and tools used in Polish and world enterprises

Orzeł Bartosz, Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 138

211--219

EN

Greenwashing is a way of achieving unfair competitive advantage due to creating a false perception that a proffered product or service is environmentally sound. The article presents a study both on the methods and tools that are used in the case of the greenwashing phenomenon in Polish and world enterprises, and the main purpose of article is to analyse the different ways and examples of their use. In this article, we also present data which is connected to statistical greenwashing usage and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in world-class companies operating in four different sectors.