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1 2024

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Teaching Beginners to Program: should we start with block-based, text-based, or both notations?

Kosar Tomaž, Bjeladinović Srđa, Ostojić Dragana, Škembarević Milica, Leber Žiga, Jejić Olga, Furtula Filip, Ljubisavljević Miloš, Luković Ivan, Mernik Marjan

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

2024

Vol. 39

395--403

Teaching programming poses countless challenges. One of them is determining the most effective notation to introduce coding concepts to beginners. This paper examines the merits and drawbacks of introducing block-based, text-based, or both notations at the same time when it comes to learning basic programming concepts. In this empirical study, we report on a controlled experiment during short-term visits that promoted programming in primary schools. Our multinational study divided participants into three groups, one using block-based, the other text-based, and one using both notations. After training, participants were solving practical programming assignments. The study results revealed that participants' performance was not influenced by notation usage, as there was no statistical significance between the three groups. However, the performance outcomes were correlated with the duration of the sessions. Our findings from the controlled experiment suggest that educators can confidently utilize different notations while teaching beginners the first steps in programming.