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Study on the Start-Up Phase of the Stabilization Lagoons System for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Awad Ameera Mohamad, Ibrahim Husham T., Al-Aboodi Ali H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

351--366

EN

Worldwide, the transfer from the level of knowledge to operation at full scale is often difficult due to the expectation of some problems associated with new technologies that usually cannot be identified and solved on a full scale. Therefore, aspects of start-up times and methodologies become even more relevant when starting to implement any (or any project) processing system in wastewater treatment. Thus, this work aimed to develop and validate a concept for starting up a laboratory-scale lagoon system. This system typically contains a series of three continuous-flow lagoons to treat 50 Liters in the day from a municipal sewage facility in Al Rumaitha City, located north of Al Muthanaa Province in Iraq. Further, the influence of hydraulic detention time (HRT) on the hydraulic lagoon performance depending on site-specific conditions and determining factors influencing actual hydraulic residence time was evaluated by investigating the start-up of three different HRTs: 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, as changing it altered the depth and, thus, the effective volume. The start-up experiment involved two different phases of experiments, and they were conducted for four months, distributed in two different periods: the first period of start-up experiments was characterized to develop a proper microbial floc as quickly as possible and also to select the appropriate HRT of the lagoon. The results from these experiments led to the selection of the best three-cell lagoons design, which had an HRT of 7 days because it remained more stable concerning COD removal. After that, the second period of the experiments began, devoted to helping performance assessment of these facilities in continuous mode via providing basic information about the treatment processes occurring in a lagoon and summarizing performance expectations until a steady state was reached. Throughout the period of this experiment, average removal efficiencies were found to be 73.34% for COD, 76.54% for NH4+-N, 36.06% for TN, and 38.30% for TP.

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Performance of Compact Bio-Contact Oxidation Reactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Under Different Hydraulic Retention Time

Awad Ameera Mohamad, Ibrahim Husham T., Al-Aboodi Ali H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

304--318

EN

This study employed a laboratory-scale continuous upflow bio-contact oxidation reactor to treat 50 L/day of municipal wastewater in Al Rumaitha City, located north of Al Muthanaa Province in Iraq. The reactor configuration consisted of two anoxic-aerobic reactors nested inside each other, with a 1:3 volume ratio of anoxic to aerobic zones. Both the anoxic and aerobic reactors were loaded with K1 bio-media, filling them to 50% capacity for fixing and preserving the biomass. The reactors were operated in a mode that achieved full nitrification-denitrification without any sludge return, relying solely on internal recycling from the aerobic to the anoxic reactor. After biofilm formation on the carriers, three distinct hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were investigated – ranging from 24 to 12 hours – to evaluate their impact on removing biological nutrients from municipal sewage. In this operational approach, the preferred internal recycle ratio and gas/water ratio for effective nitrogen removal were a complete feed rate recycle of 100% and a ratio of 1:5, respectively. The experiment results highlighted that a 24-hour hydraulic retention time was most suitable for the simultaneous removal of organic carbon (COD) and nutrients. During this period, average removal efficiencies were found to be 93.51% for COD, 94.50% for ammonium (NH4+), 60.98% for total nitrogen (TN), and 67.57% for total phosphorus (TP). Furthermore, the aerobic bio-contact oxidation reactors maintained an average dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 4.89 mg/L. In contrast, the anoxic bio- contact oxidation reactors exhibited a lower average DO concentration of 0.38 mg/L.

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Estimation of Suspended Sediment Load Using Artificial Neural Network in Khour Al Zubair Port, Iraq

Hassan Ayman A., Ibrahim Husham T., Al-Aboodi Ali H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

54--64

EN

The port of Khour Al-Zubair is located 60.0 km south of the city centre of Basrah; it is also located 105.0 kilometres from the northern tip of the Arabian Gulf. The main goal of this paper is to estimate the concentration of suspended deposit (SSC) in “Khour Al-Zubair” port using a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) based on hydraulic and local boundary parameters while also studying the effect of these parameters on estimating the SSC. Five input parameters (channel width, water depth, discharge, cross-section area, and flow velocity) are used for estimating SSC. Different input hydraulic and local boundary parameter combinations in the three sections (port center, port south, and port north) were used for creating nine models. The use of both hydraulic and local boundary parameters for SSC estimation is very important in the port area for estimating sediment loads without the need for field measurements, which require effort and time.