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1

Level of manipulation of digital recording devices in light of introducing ERRU system in European countries

Szokało A. A., Rychter M.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 3

445--452

EN

The tachograph is the oldest recording device, which belongs to the Group of ORD (On Board Recording Devices). It was introduced in the USA in 1939. Digital tachograph, the new advanced type of recording device in road transport, was introduced by Council Regulation No 2135/98 of 24 September 1998 with the beginning of May 2006, in the area of the European Union. “In contrast to its analogue predecessors the digital tachograph was introduced to facilitate the control of rest and driving times and to prevent manipulation attempt. In order to prevent abuse, it has been made the system of cryptologic keys and certificates stored in cards and devices, allowing creating explicit laws of users and authentic data recorded in, cards and devices. The Hasler Event Recorder was introduced in the 1920s. Regrettably, the construction of analogue tachograph, an original type of tachograph is used in road transport, encouraged to numerous frauds and counterfeits of social rules for drivers. Secure digital tachograph system is indisputably a means having the great influence on road safety, enforcement of the social conditions for drivers in road transport as well as supporting the fair competition between road transport undertakings. In order to better monitor the compliance of road transport with the rules in force, inter alia the provisions on usage the digital tachographs, the European Union regulation introduces the European Registers of Road Transport Undertakings (ERRU), a system that allows a better exchange of information between Member States.

2

Analysis of the use of OBD II / EOBD congestion diagnostics in the light of vehicles operation and their technical condition

Szokało A. A., Rychter M.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 2

371--378

EN

Transport in human life has played a key role since ancient times. At the turn of years it has evolved, initially using only the power of human legs, then the animals until use internal combustion engines. The first internal combustion engine was presented by Brackenburow in 1836. The construction showed a very desirable type of combustion engine – burning a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen and expelling clean water as exhaust gas. However, the invention was abandoned due to its innovativeness and lack of trust in it. The topic was again taken in 1860 presenting a two-stroke engine using a mixture of natural gas and air with spark ignition. Striving for even greater perfection, Rudolf Diesel in 1893 presented and patented the first self-ignition diesel engine. The first solution, although used today, has shown that automotive engines leave a significant margin of reliability. The operational reliability of internal combustion engines is important in relation to the conditions of their operation and technical condition. The impact of toxic substances in exhaust gases and their impact on the natural environment these days is an important issue. One of the forms of work on the problem is the current diagnosis of engine operation. This was possible thanks to the use of the OBD I system, which was later transformed into OBD II / EOBD and the result of the test results obtained to the applicable EURO standards. The system allows testing during a road test in normal car operation. Using the OBD recorder, the operation of an example vehicle will be analysed in various operating conditions, and the obtained results will provide diagnostic possibilities.

3

Rozwój systemu diagnostyki pokładowej samochodów osobowych w świetle zasady działania systemu OBD

Szokało A. A., Rychter M.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

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R. 19, nr 6

743--746, CD

PL

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie istoty pokładowych systemów diagnostycznych na przestrzeni lat. Uwzględnia różnice między normami i nazewnictwem obowiązującym na całym świecie. Przedstawiony został algorytm odczytywania kodów błędów oraz zaprezentowano przykładowe kody błędów i ich interpretację. Artykuł kończy się wskazaniem tendencji rozwojowych systemów diagnostyki pokładowej.

EN

The article aims to present diagnostic systems over the years. It takes into account the standards between norms and the nomenclature in force in the common world. It was presented with an algorithm for digitalization and their interpretation. The article ends with an indication of the development trends of on-board diagnostic systems.

4

Korytarze transportowe przebiegające przez Polskę w świetle rozwoju infrastruktury transportu drogowego

Rychter M., Szokało A. A.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

1588--1591, CD

PL

W artykule omówiona została kwestia transportu intermodalnego oraz jego znaczenia w przewozach tranzytowych w Polsce. Poruszony został temat europejskich korytarzy transportowych, które biegną przez teren Polski oraz budowanej drogi Via Carpatia. Powstająca droga znacząco wzbogaci i uatrakcyjni tereny wschodniej Polski, przez które ma przebiegać. Niezwykle istotnym w tej kwestii staje się fakt istnienia infrastruktury liniowej i punktowej transportu drogowego na tych terenach. Poruszony został temat występowania oraz liczby terminali przeładunkowych na terenie kraju.

EN

The article discusses the issue of intermodal transport and its importance in transit transport in Poland. It was discussed European transport corridors that run through the area of Polish and built the Via Carpatia. The resulting route more attractive and significantly enrich the eastern Polish territories, which is to run through. Extremely important in this regard is the existence of linear and point infrastructure of road transport in these areas. It was discussed the prevalence and the number of terminals in the country.

5

Static weighing of vehicles – the crux of the pressures on the axles and road safety

Rychter M., Szokało A. A.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 3

427--433

EN

Weighing of road vehicles using static platform weights is as important as weight control of vehicles in motion. Overloading of cargo vehicles is increasingly common in occurrence. Such vehicles cause significant wear of road infrastructure, effect of which may cause reduced safety of road traffic. Amongst others, the improper loading of vehicles is the cause of direct overloading or unequal load distribution on the axles. Institutions and official services supervising cargo vehicles and loading are endeavouring to reduce the incidence of vehicle overloading and improper loading by providing clear rules and guidelines. Technical requirements set for road freight vehicles must be met and the effectiveness of these is reviewed by organs created for this task, such as the Main Inspectorate of Road Transport. Authorized inspectors performing control measurements of each axle on a static weight direct the vehicle to a specially prepared measurement area where the said vehicle is excluded from traffic. To ensure road surface quality the state issues fines on firms which to not meet the requirements set for road transport vehicles, in certain circumstances, to guarantee road safety, temporary exclusion of road transport from traffic is imposed, e.g. in times of elevated temperature. However, it can be observed that such methods are not sufficient to reduce the number of overloaded vehicles on the Polish roads. The article describes the events having a deteriorating effect on the road infrastructure as well as requirements set for road vehicles. The problem of overloaded vehicles on the Polish roads, methods of verification of such and the consequences of these are discussed displaying the extent of the problem.

6

The analysis of traffic safety and traffic accidents on the example of the selected voivodship

Rychter M., Szokało A. A.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2016

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R. 17, nr 12

405--408

EN

In this article the Poland’s traffic safety condition was described, as well as the condition of the road network in Lublin’s voivodeship. Factors which have impact on the condition of traffic safety were submitted for analysis which in fact are a human, vehicle and environment and also statistics charting the structure and quantity of traffic accidents in Lublin’s voivodeship were shown. This article contains the comparison of traffic accidents reasons caused by drivers and their actual effects. In summary were shown potential problems for analysis in discussed field.

PL

W artykule omówiony został stan bezpieczeństwa w ruchu drogowym w Polsce. Omówiony został również stan sieci dróg w województwie lubelskim. Analizie poddano czynniki mające wpływ na stan bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego, czyli człowiek – pojazd – otoczenie, jak również przedstawione zostały statystyki obrazujące strukturę i ilość wypadków na drogach na przykładzie województwa lubelskiego. Porównane zostały zarówno przyczyny wypadków zależne od kierowcy, jak również skutki które za sobą niosą. W podsumowaniu wskazano potencjalne problemy do analizowania w omawianym obszarze.