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Mineral deposit formation in gas engines during combustion of biogas from landfills and municipal WWTP

Konkol Izabela, Cebula Jan, Bohdziewicz Jolanta, Piotrowski Krzysztof, Sakiewicz Piotr, Piechaczek-Wereszczyńska Magdalena, Cenian Adam

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2020

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Vol. 27, nr 3

347--356

EN

The biogas produced in municipal wastewater-treatment plants (WWTP) should be cleaned before it can be used as a fuel in internal combustion engines. Efficient running of such engines is possible only subject to using high quality biogas and lubricating oil. Otherwise, biogas impurities in course of complex chemical reactions may form deposits on various engine parts as well as seriously contaminate the lubricating oil. In this paper, mineral deposits containing high concentration of bismuth, silicon, sulphur, calcium and zinc are studied. Silicon deposits demonstrating strong friction properties are formed during combustion of volatile silica compounds. As these deposits build up, abrasion problems, ignition failure and even engine failure result. The bismuth containing deposits comes from bearings degradation, zinc and calcium were derived from the additives present in commercially available lubricating oil, while lead, aluminium, copper, nickel, iron and chromium were introduced by engine wear phenomena. The highest bismuth content was located at the engine cylinder heads and the lowest at the exhaust elements, whereas highest calcium content was registered on the pistons. Silicon containing deposits are highest in the exhaust and lowest at the engine head. Zinc deposits are highest at the piston.

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Co-treatment of municipal landfill leachate with dairy wastewater in membrane bioreactor

Marszałek Anna, Bohdziewicz Jolanta, Puszczało Ewa

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2020

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Vol. 27, nr 1

139--149

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of leachates from municipal landfill co-treatment with the dairy wastewater in an aerobic membrane bioreactor. It was working in MSBR (sequential membrane bioreactor) systems twice daily and was equipped with the immersed membrane module installed inside what enabled its back-washing performance. The system was working. The concentration of activated sludge in the membrane bioreactor was equal to 4.0 g/dm3. However, the sludge load was at the level of 0.06 g COD/(g d.m. · d). The oxygen concentration was at the level of 3.0 g O2/m3. The share of leachate was varied in a range of 5 to 15 % vol. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment process was based on the change of parameters characterizing the crude sewage and treated sewage. All analysis was carried out according to standards. Following parameters were determined: COD, BOD5, TOC and concentrations of phosphate phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen. Chemical analysis is often not enough to define the degree of wastewater treatment. It was used toxicological research to determine the effect on the environment. Toxicity of wastewaters was measured using biotests with Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna. The results revealed that the volume of leachate in the treated mixture should not exceed 10 % vol. The following conclusion can be drawn from the present research - co-treated wastewater was not toxic. Landfill co-treatment with the dairy wastewater impacts on the effectiveness of biological wastewater treatment. Leachate includes substances which have low susceptibility to biodegradation; on the other hand, dairy wastewaters provide a lot of organic compounds, which can help to treat them.

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Zastosowanie różnych typów nanorurek węglowych do usuwania wybranych mikrozanieczyszczeń z wód

Adamczak Michał, Kamińska Gabriela, Bohdziewicz Jolanta

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2019

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Vol. 13, No. 1-2

87--95

PL

Pokazano wykorzystanie jednościennych nanorurek węglowych modyfikowanych w różny sposób w celu zbadania stopnia adsorpcji wybranych mikrozanieczyszczeń organicznych na ich powierzchni. Nanorurki węglowe, ze względu na swoją bardzo rozbudowaną powierzchnię, jak również jej modyfikację grupami funkcyjnymi, często wykorzystywane są jako adsorbenty w wielu procesach związanych z oczyszczaniem wód. Z uwagi na mnogość typów i modyfikacji nanorurek węglowych w badaniach zdecydowano się zastosować dwa typu nanorurek jednościennych niemodyfikowanych o różnej powierzchni właściwej oraz dwa typy nanorurek modyfikowanych grupami karboksylowymi i hydroksylowymi. Zastosowano je do usunięcia z wody czterech mikrozanieczyszczeń o różnych właściwościach: nikotyny, kofeiny, α-endosulfanu i bisfenolu A. Wyniki badań wykazały, że największą rolę w adsorpcji na nanorurkach, ale też na innych materiałach węglowych posiada powierzchnia właściwa adsorbentu. W niektórych przypadkach jednak swoją rolę spełnia również obecność grup funkcyjnych na powierzchni nanorurek.

EN

The subject of the research are single-walled carbon nanotubes modified in various ways to investigate the degree of adsorption of selected micropollutants on their surface. Carbon nanotubes, because of their very large surface area and presence of modifications by functional groups, are often used as adsorbents in many processes connected with water purification. Due to the multiplicity of types and modifications of carbon nanotubes, in this test included two types of single-wall unmodified nanotubes with different specific surface area, and two types of nanotubes modified with carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. They were used to remove from water by adsorption process four micro-pollutants with different properties: nicotine, caffeine, α-endosulfan and bisphenol A. The results of the research showed that the biggest role in adsorption on nanotubes, and other carbon materials has the specific surface of the adsorbent. In some cases the presence of functional groups on the surface of nanotubes also fulfils its role. Properly selected type of carbon nanotubes may find application in preparation of nanocomposites membranes and in others processes of water treatment connected with adsorption phenomeneon.

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Preparowanie, struktura i właściwości membran nanokompozytowych wytwarzanych metodą inwersji faz

Adamczak Michał, Kamińska Gabriela, Bohdziewicz Jolanta

Polimery

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2019

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T. 64, nr 3

173--180

PL

Artykuł stanowi przegląd literatury dotyczącej wytwarzania, struktury i właściwości membran preparowanych z roztworów polimerowych modyfikowanych nanocząstkami. Dodatek nanomateriałów wpływa na budowę strukturalną i właściwości fizykochemiczne, a także właściwości transportowo-separacyjne wytworzonych membran. Przedstawiono stan najnowszej wiedzy na temat membran nanokompozytowych wytwarzanych za pomocą inwersji faz.

EN

Preparation, structure and properties of nanocomposite membranes prepared by phase inversion The article is a review of the literature related to the techniques of preparation, structure and properties of the membranes obtained from polymer solutions modified with nanoparticles. The incorporation of nanomaterials influences the structure and physicochemical properties as well as transport and separation characteristics of the produced membranes. The current state-of-the-art in the field of polymer nanocomposite membranes prepared by phase inversion is presented.