Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Struktura i właściwości mechaniczne złącza ze stali T91 z niskostopową warstwą graniową

Wojsyk K., Merda A., Cieślak E., Golański G.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2018

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R. 90, nr 6

29--33

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań metalograficznych złącza stali T91 spawanego dwoma materiałami dodatkowymi. Ścieg przetopowy wykonany był materiałem dodatkowym o składzie chemicznym zbliżonym do stali 10H2M, ścieg wypełniający materiał o składzie stali T/P91. Badane złącze poddane było obróbce cieplnej – wyżarzaniu 760 °C/2h. Badania nieniszczące i niszczące wykazały, że analizowane złącze spawane spełniało wymagania jakościowe na poziomie B oraz charakteryzowało się wymaganymi lub dostatecznymi właściwościami mechanicznymi. Badania strukturalne wykazały występowanie pomiędzy ściegiem graniowym a wypełniającym pojedynczej, o szerokości i długości rzędu kilku ziaren, strefy odwęglonej.

EN

The paper presents the results of metal science research of the T91 steel joint welded with two additional materials. The root pass was made with the additional material with its chemical composition similar to that of the 10H2M steel, and the fill pass was made with the material of the chemical composition of T/P91 steel. The examined joint was subject to heat treatment annealing 760 °C/2h. The non-destructive and the destructive tests proved that the investigated welded joint fulfilled the quality requirements at the B level and was characterised by the required or satisfactory mechanical properties. The structural tests showed the occurrence of a single decarburised zone, its width and length being of the order of several grains, between the root pass and the fill pass.

2

Zmiany w polityce bezpieczeństwa i obrony Niemiec w kontekście zapisów „Białej księgi polityki bezpieczeństwa i przyszłości bundeswehry” z 2016 roku

Cieślak E.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych

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2016

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Nr 3

14--25

PL

W artykule dokonano oceny założeń niemieckiej polityki bezpieczeństwa oraz kon- cepcji rozwoju niemieckich sił zbrojnych przyjętych w lipcu 2016 roku. Aktualne założe- nia polityki bezpieczeństwa Niemiec zostały skonfrontowane z wcześniejszymi regulacja- mi w tym zakresie. Dokonano analizy uwarunkowań polityki bezpieczeństwa, oceny jej priorytetów i obszarów zaangażowania oraz skonfrontowano je z dotychczas obowiązują- cymi założeniami. Oceniono założenia wykorzystania niemieckich sił zbrojnych jako in- strumentu polityki bezpieczeństwa Niemiec oraz wskazano na zasady kształtujące rozwój Bundeswehry. Krytycznie oceniono możliwości implementacji założeń polityki bezpie- czeństwa i rozwoju sił zbrojnych Niemiec. W artykule wskazano również zasadnicze im- plikacje zmian w polityce bezpieczeństwa Niemiec dla bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowe- go.

EN

The article discusses security policy of Germany and the future of its armed forces based on strategy adopted in July 2016. Current framework for German security and de- fence policy is compared and contrasted with previous strategic documents. The article offers analysis of factors influencing German security and defence policy along with as- sessment of its priorities and areas of engagement. It presents concepts for employment of German armed forces as an instrument of security policy, and then discusses guiding principles for the Bundeswehr of the future. A critical appraisal of chances for implementa- tion of German security and defence policy is proposed. The article points at general im- plications of changes in security and defence policy of Germany for international security.

3

Genetic variability of small isolated populations of Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. (Asteraceae) in the Beskid Mały Mts (southern Poland)

Stachurska-Swakoń A., Cieślak E., Ronikier M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

279-288

EN

The populations of Cicerbita alpina in the Beskid Mały Mts. (Western Carpathians, Poland) are the northernmost, spatially isolated localities of this subalpine tall-herb species in the Carpathians. The genetic structure of these populations was studied using the AFLP method. The analysis also included the populations of the larger, more population-abundant parts of the distribution range to the north (Scandinavia) and to the south (the Tatra Mts., Western Carpathians). The genetic similarity of the Beskid Mały populations with those from the Tatra Mts. and Scandinavia was relatively low and the populations formed geographically distinct genetic groups. The populations from the Beskid Mały Mts. were characterised by lower genetic variation, as well as the lowest degree of genetic differentiation (Nei and Shannon's coefficients), compared with those from the Tatra Mts. and Scandinavia. Our results indicate a relatively long period of isolation of the Beskid Mały Mts. populations; there is no evidence for recent dispersal or extant gene flow with populations from other regions. The differences among the populations also testify to fixation of genes in isolated areas, probably traced back to the founder individuals.

4

Lotnictwo Izraela w wojnie libańskiej w 2006 roku

Cieślak E., Mróz P.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2009

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nr 2(75)

178-192

EN

Lessons learned during Israel-Hezbollah War in 2006 are crucial for understanding complex issues of fighting irregular enemies by state’s conventional forces. The Israeli Defense Forces were fighting against a small, well-armed and highly unconventional military organization, which was attacking Israel territory from Lebanon. Israeli Air Forces were not able to stop effectively Hezbollah’s rocket attacks. Hezbollah’s interspersion within Lebanon’s civilian population caused significant targeting problems for airpower. Retaliatory air strikes were generally condemned by international community as disproportionate. As airpower was initially perceived as the big loser in the conflict, it is important to present a more balanced assessment on the lessons learned from using airpower against irregular enemies like Hezbollah.

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Siły zbrojne w operacjach reagowania kryzysowego

Cieślak E.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2006

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nr 4(65)

160-172

EN

The aim of the article is to analyse the implication of using the armed forces in crisis response operations (CRO) and to present the trends of changes in this area. Relying upon source materials and literature on this subject, the review concerning the use of the armed forces in CRO has been made. The basic areas were characterised, while depicting trends of development. Crisis response operations became recently one of the basic form of operational use of the armed forces. Military power, used as a supplement and support of political, economical and informational efforts, exemplifies an important instrument of solving the crisis situations. Due to the character of threats, which can cause the crisis situations, having the potential of after-effects, the philosophy behind the use of the armed forces in CRO is changing. It is widely suggested by the experts that quick and efficient crisis situation management is vital, while minimising possible undisirable effects. In such case preventive operations are of special importance, which are enabling the management of the crisis situation. The global character of threats and security challenges brings about the fact, that using the armed forces in CRO is international in character, when participating actors make their contribution in highly-specialised forms of operational abilities.

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Perspektywiczne implikacje operacyjne użycia lotnictwa wojskowego na początku XXI wieku

Cieślak E.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2005

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nr 3(60)A Numer Specialny

85-92

EN

The changes in the security environment and new concepts to use armed forces, as well as progress in technology create new conditions to use operational air forces. Doctrinal premises to conduct air operations, the scope of tasks performed by aviation and the ways to use it are being re-evaluated. This may lead to deep changes in the air force art of operations in the nearest future.

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Kierunki rozwoju systemów rozpoznania powietrznego i kosmicznego

Cieślak E.

Postępy Radiotechniki

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2005

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T. 50, Nr 150

5-14