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EN
In the article, the authors present the concept of a mathematical model used to study the influence of the properties of the base materials used to produce an innovative abrasive wheel background on the operating characteristics of the final tool. This model will be used to verify various material and construction solutions. The article also covers the outcomes of research that confirm the developed model’s effectiveness in relation to the operation of lamellar grinding discs, as per their intended technological goal. The experiments involved surface grinding with grinding wheels constructed on chosen backgrounds. A dedicated research stand was designed to measure the temperature in the grinding zone without direct contact, using both new and used grinding discs. The tests incorporated various load levels applied by the grinding disc on the workpiece, as well as different working angles of the grinding disc.
EN
The article describes both theoretical and practical application of thought methods supporting the creation of innovative solutions. The “ideas crushing” technique was presented, which helps to discover as many defects as possible in a crushed object in order to use them to create a new, better object. The technique of “Six Thinking Hats” using lateral thinking was also characterized. This type of thinking is characterized by problem-solving by looking at things differently than usual. The article shows how to create creative solutions using heuristic methods. The list of requirements for innovative cleaning equipment was made through the use of an “ideas crushing” method called reverse brainstorming. After answering a series of crushing questions, appropriate conclusions were drawn. Subsequently, the defects found were catalogued according to their type, and those that did not bring tangible benefits in relation to the costs of their removal, were rejected. At the last stage of the method, possible solutions to the most important disadvantages were proposed. The practical application of the “Six Thinking Hats” method was also presented. It allowed to consider the problem from the point of view of several areas: emotions, facts, optimism, pessimism, innovative ideas, logical thought process. The described methods can be used in other areas of industry and life.
EN
This article presents the results of laboratory tests involving the measurement of cutting forces during the orthogonal turning of a tube made of GRADE 2 titanium alloy. The nominal diameter of the turned tube was D = 60 mm, and its wall thickness was 2.77 mm. For research purposes, a Kennametal chisel with an insert marked A3G0500M05P04DF and a holder marked A3SAR2520M0425-075-100 was used. An experimental research plan for variable cutting parameters (ƒ, νc) was developed according to the Taguchi method and statistical analysis of the results was performed using an ANOVA. Three series of tests were performed, one for each of the three different values of tube wall thickness (ap = 2.77, 1.77, 0.5 mm). In accordance with the prepared test plan, nine trials were conducted within each series. Cutting forces were measured during each test with the use of a 3-axis Kisler 9257B piezoelectric dynamometer. DynoWare computer software was used for the archiving and analysis of measurement results.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań laboratoryjnych pomiaru sił skrawania podczas toczenia ortogonalnego rury z tytanu GRADE 2. Nominalna średnica toczonej rury wynosiła D = 60 mm, natomiast grubość ścianki 2,77 mm. Do badań wykorzystano przecinak firmy Kennametal o oznaczeniu płytki A3G0500M05P04DF, zamontowanej w oprawce A3SAR2520M0425-075-100. Eksperymentalny plan badań dla zmiennych parametrów skrawania (ƒ, νc) opracowano według metody Taguchi, natomiast statystyczne opracowanie wyników wykonano za pomocą analizy ANOVA. W czasie prac zostały przeprowadzone trzy serie prób trzech różnych wartości grubości ścianki rury (ap = 2,77; 1,77; 0,5 mm). W ramach każdej serii zgodnie z opracowanym planem badań wykonano 9 prób. Pomiar sił skrawania był realizowany w każdej próbie za pomocą 3-osiowego siłomierza piezoelektrycznego Kisler 9257B. Do archiwizacji i analizy wyników pomiarów zastosowano program komputerowy DynoWare.
EN
This paper presents an experimental method of determining the velocity of chip flow on the rake surface of a cutting insert during the longitudinal turning of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. A Seco CNMG120408-M1 833 carbide cutting insert without a protective coating was used for the purposes of research. In order to record phenomena in the cutting zone, a PHANTOM V5.2 high-speed camera was used and placed above the area of machining. The camera recorded the process at a speed of 3000 fps. Placing the camera near the cutting zone allowed recording the process of chip formation and its flow along the rake face of the insert. Trials of longitudinal turning were performed in accordance with the test plan, where ν🇨 and ƒ were the independent variables. In addition, the tests were performed for two different cutting depths. Processing and analysis of the obtained video sequences were performed with the use of CineViewer 663 and Tracker computer applications. Experimental determination of the velocity of chip flow at the rake face of a cutting insert was conducted by analysing the movement of the characteristic point on the outside side of the chip. Analysis of variance for the obtained results was performed using ANOVA and the regression functions were determined.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono eksperymentalny sposób wyznaczania prędkości spływu wióra po powierzchni natarcia płytki skrawającej podczas toczenia wzdłużnego stopu tytanu Ti-6Al-4V. W ramach badań wykorzystano płytkę skrawającą z węglika spiekanego, bez powłoki ochronnej, Seco CNMG120408 M1 833. Do rejestracji zjawisk w strefie skrawania zastosowano kamerę szybkoklatkową PHANTOM V5.2 umieszczoną nad strefą obróbki. Szybkość rejestracji kamery wynosiła 3000 kl/s. Ustawienie kamery w tym miejscu umożliwiało rejestrację procesu powstawania i spływu wióra po powierzchni natarcia płytki. Próby toczenia wzdłużnego realizowano zgodnie z przyjętym planem badań, gdzie zmiennymi niezależnymi były ν🇨 i ƒ. Dodatkowo próby wykonano dla dwóch różnych głębokości skrawania. Obróbkę i analizę otrzymanych sekwencji wideo przeprowadzono w aplikacjach komputerowych CineViewer 663 oraz Tracker. Eksperymentalne wyznaczenia prędkości spływu wióra na powierzchni natarcia płytki skrawającej realizowano przez analizę ruchu punktu charakterystycznego na zewnętrznej stronie wióra. Dla uzyskanych wyników przeprowadzono analizę wariancji ANOVA i wyznaczono funkcje regresji.
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