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New investigations into Early Vistulian site at Białowice (Zielona Góra area, SW Poland)

Kuszell T., Klaczak T., Bartczak E.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 1

127-138

EN

The Białowice site is situated in the north-west of the Nowa Sól Depression which is part of the Central Poland Lowlands. Palynological analysis shows that lake and swamp accumulations took place in the Early Vistulian. Two warm interstadial-rank oscillations (Brörup and Odderade) and a stadial (Rederstall) have been distinguished during the Early Vistulian. The sequence of changes at Białowice is similar to the sequences in profiles from other parts of Poland and Western Europe. Until now, in that region of Poland the vegetation succession of the Brörup and Odderade had remained unknown. The lithology of the profile at Białowice shows rapid changes of sedimentation which have been observed in the younger part of the Brörup and at the Brörup/Rederstall transition. Geological and palynological data suggests that the maximum limit of the Vistulian Glaciation to the south of the Żary Hills.

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Osady plejstocenu glacjalnego w okolicy Nowego Tomyśla (zachodnia Polska)

Krzyszkowski D., Kuszell T.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2012

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nr 453

97--121

PL

W rejonie Nowego Tomyśla, na terenie zachodniej Wielkopolski, w otworach wiertniczych z Woli Jabłońskiej, Cichej Góry i Lasek stwierdzono osady rzeczne, określone jako formacja z Lasek. Wypełniają one doliny kopalne do głębokości 40−50 m, leżą na glinach zlodowacenia odry (typ Dopiewiec) i są przykryte trzema glinami zlodowacenia warty (typy: Karolewo, Kopaszewko i Ujście). Utwory rzeczne powstawały w środowisku peryglacjalnym (ekstraglacjalnym), o silnych procesach eolicznych. Osady formacji z Lasek, z okolic Nowego Tomyśla reprezentują prawdopodobnie fragment wypełnienia doliny kopalnej Prawarty/ Praprosny. W jej obrębie (profil Wola Jabłońska) stwierdzono osady organiczne pochodzenia jeziornego. Wyniki analizy palinologicznej wskazują na niepełną interglacjalną sukcesję pyłkową, obejmującą początkowy okres chłodny oraz optimum charakteryzujące się klimatem umiarkowanym i wilgotnym. Spektra pyłkowe z najcieplejszego odcinka profilu odzwierciedlają panowanie lasu sosnowo-świerkowego i zarośli olszynowych z domieszką roślin o większych wymaganiach termicznych, wśród których na szczególną uwagę zasługują ziarna pyłku i owoce należące do rośliny wodnej Trapa natans dotychczas stwierdzonej jedynie w osadach interglacjalnych. Podobny obraz zbiorowisk leśnych wykazuje profil na terenie Bełchatowa, który był datowany na interstadiał pilicy, a obecnie jest określany jako interglacjał lubelski. Odniesienie profilu z Woli Jabłońskiej do tego interglacjału nie ma pewnego uzasadnienia, ponieważ pozycja palinostratygraficzna i geologiczna uzyskanej sukcesji roślinności jest trudna do ustalenia.

EN

Fluvial sediments has been recorded in three boreholes near Nowy Tomyśl, western Poland (Wola Jabłońska, Cicha Góra, Laski). Wola Jabłońska profile contains organic and fluvial deposits. This series has been formally named the Laski Formation. The fluvial sediments fill deep palaeovalley (40–50 m). They overlie the Dopiewiec till (Early Saalian, Odranian) and are overlain by three late Saalian (Wartanian) tills: Karolewo, Kopaszewko and Ujście. The fluvial suite was deposited mainly in periglacial environment, with strongly developed aeolian processes in the valley. However, during the optimal part of the period the aeolian processe almost completely ceased. The uppermost part of the suite exhibit suggests that deposition took place at the front of an advancing ice-sheet (high aggradation rate, admixtures of glacial derived material). The Laski Formation deposits may represent a fragment of pre-Warta/ Prosna palaeovalley. The organic sediments from Wola Jabłońska represent the climatic optimum of the interglacial and the early stages of the succeeding cold period. The picture of vegetation is characterized by spruce-pine forest with common alder and small admixtures of deciduous trees at the climatic optimum. Among local aquatic vegetation, the most characteristic is the occurrence of pollen and seeds of Trapa natans; a species hither noticed only in the interglacial successions. Climatic conditions that time were temperate and humid. The flora of Wola Jabłońska have features that resemble the forest communities at Bełchatów profiles in central Poland which was determined as the Pilica Interstadial, currently named as the Lublinian Interglacial. However, the profile from Wola Jabłońska cannot be unequivocally ascribed to this interglacial period, since the palynostratigraphic and geologic position of its vegetation succession is difficult to determine.

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Nowe spojrzenie na stratygrafię osadów jeziornych i lodowcowych neoplejstocenu na terenie Piły

Kuszell T., Malkiewicz M., Bartczak E., Dobosz T.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2008

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nr 428

23-34

PL

Przedmiotem badań geologicznych, petrograficznych i palinologicznych był profil osadów organicznych i mineralnych z Piły. W opracowaniu przedstawiono, metodą analizy pyłkowej, rozwój roślinności podczas interglacjału eemskiego oraz stratygrafię glin glacjalnych towarzyszących osadom jeziornym w profilu Pił/2. Utwory torfowe i mułki organiczne odzwierciedlają pełny obraz zbiorowisk roślinnych i warunków klimatycznych w czasie tego interglacjału. W osadach jeziornych wyróżniono sześć regionalnych poziomów pyłkowych (E 1 i E 3-E 7). Badania litologiczne i petrograficzne pozwoliły wyróżnić w tym profilu dwie gliny glacjalne. Poniżej osadów interglacjału eemskiego występuje glina ze zlodowacenia Warty, natomiast powyżej glina ze zlodowacenia Wisły.

EN

A section of organic and mineral sediments at Piła was studied by means of geological, petrographical and palynological methods. The present paper presents a reconstruction of the development of vegetation during the Eemian Interglacial, as revealed by pollen analyses of lacustrine deposits in the Pił/2 section. It also discusses stratigraphic problems of the adjacent glacial deposits in the Piła area. The peat and organic silt sediments show a complete sequence of plant communities and climatic changes during the Eemian Interglacial. Six regional pollen assemblage zones (E 1 and E 3-E 7) have been distinguished. Litho-petrographical studies allowed us to recognise two glacial tills in the section considered. The Eemian Interglacial sediments are underlain by till representing the Wartanian Glaciation, and overlain by a Vistulian Glaciation till.

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Early Vistulian climate oscillations in the light of pollen analysis of deposits from Dziadowa Kłoda (Silesian Lowland, Poland)

Kuszell T., Chmal R., Słychan K.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 3

319-328

EN

The stratigraphy and palaeogeography of Quaternary deposits under lying the Oleoenica Plain were investigated during mapping of the Syców sheet of the De tailed Geo logical Map of Poland on the scale of 1:50 000. The Oleoenica Plain is part of the southern foreland of the Trzebnica Ridge, the latter representing a frontal moraine of the South and Middle Polish Glaciations. Neopleistocene deposits found at the Dziadowa Kłoda site were analyzed for their pollen content. These lacus trine to swamp deposits represent a continuous and undisturbed sequence spanning the Eemian Interglacial to Brörup Interstadial interval. The Early Vistulian deposits have been the subject of detailed palynological investigations. The reconstructed pattern of vegetation changes has allowed a precise determination of the upper boundary of the last interglacial as well as the recognition of stadial-interstadial horizons. Three climatic oscillations have been noted, corresponding to the Herning and Rederstallstadials and the Brörup Interstadial. In the climatic optimum of the interstadial, dense boreal pine-birch forests accompanied by a minor admixture of alder and spruce were predominant. Cold stadials were dominated by open vegetation with tundra and steppe elements.The pollen sequence from Dziadowa Kłoda is the first site on the Silesian Lowland that shows the first fully developed Early Vistulian warm oscillation that correlates with the Brörup Interstadial. A distinctive feature of this site is a long, continuous pollen sequence of the Eemian passing into deposits of the Vistulian Glaciation in the same profile.

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Middle and Upper Weichselian Pleniglacial fluvial erosion and sedimenta- tion phases in Southwestern Poland, and their relationship to Scandinavian ice sheet build-up and retreat

Krzyszkowski D., Kuszell T.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2007

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Vol. 77, No 1

17-38

EN

The sequence of Weichselian sediments and processes in SW Poland is almost identical to that of central Poland. Generally, three fluvial units occur, comprising silts and sands coarsening upwards to silts, sands and gravels, with aeolian deposits on top. This suggests very uniform processes throughout the palaeogeographic zone. To the south of this zone, there was extensive loess deposition and glacial deposition to the north. Climatic conditions during the Middle and Upper Weichselian Pleniglacial in SW Poland were similar to those in central Poland and northwestern Europe, though the period of 47-43 kyrs BP was slightly milder in SW Poland (shrub tundra, forest-tundra). Climatic conditions during the periods 38-27 kyrs BP and 23-18 kyrs BP were very uniform throughout central Europe, including SW Poland, though there may have been a strong north-south climatic gradient during the former period, as data from the loessic zone indicate at least patches of boreal forest or forest-tundra conditions in SW Poland at that time. It is also possible that there was a Middle Weichselian Pleniglacial interstadial with a lower age boundary at 25,900 ą 700 years BP, characterised by Pinus-Picea forest with no heliophytes. This interstadial represents the last mild period before the advance of the late Weichselian ice sheet into SW Poland. The Weichselian fluvial deposition of SW and central Poland may have been punctuated by at least three major erosional phases, characterised by similar incision depths during the cold stages. Erosion took place, with certainty, at around 75-60 kyrs BP (Lower Pleniglacial) and 27 kyrs BP, very probably at around 23/22 kyrs and possibly at around 40 kyrs BP, and valley aggradation occurred during the milder stages. The Upper Pleniglacial was characterised by valley aggradation, associated with southward ice sheet advance and restricted fluvial outflow. However, the frequent Middle Pleniglacial Weichselian climatic oscillations did not initiate sedimentation and erosion, they controlled only river discharge and type of fluvial sedimentation and aeolian activity. The occurrence of the erosional and aggradational phases were controlled by the changes in ice volume in Scandinavia, ice sheet build-up and retreat, respectively.

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Geology and palynology of Vistulian Glaciation deposits in closed basins near Jutrosin (southern Wielkopolska), Poland

Kuszell T., Winnicki J.

Geological Quarterly

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2002

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Vol. 46, No 1

69-74

EN

Several closed, infilled basins dating from the last glaciation were found near Jutrosin in southern Wielkopolska. The Nadstawem is site located 1.5 km south-east from the centre of Jutrosin. The basins are located within end morainic hills which date back to the Wartanian Glaciation. The deposits comprise clay and sand with frost structures interbedded with till, overlain by sand and silt with three organic beds. Palynological studies have enabled reconstruction of the plant communities. radiocarbon dating indicated about 38 700 BP for the lower organic bed without sporomorphs and ca. 29 000 BP for the upper two ones with a rich pollen spectrum. Hence, organic sedimentation ranged from the Hengelo Interstadial to the Denekamp Interstadial.

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The preglacial Nysa Kłodzka fluvial system in the Sudetic Foreland, southwestern Poland

Przybylski B., Badura J., Czerwonka J. A., Krzyszkowski D., Krajeńska K., Kuszell T.

Geologia Sudetica

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1998

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Vol. 31, nr 2

171-196

EN

The preglacial series deposited by the Nysa Kłodzka river has a much wider extent in the Sudetic Foreland than hitherto supposed. It can be found in a 5-10 km wide belt near margin of the Sudetes Mts and an over 60 km wide belt in the Sudetic Foreland and the adjacent part of the Silesian Lowland. This series is porphyry-bearing and it is made up of four lithostratigraphic units that differ in their heavy mineral contents. The porphyry-free sediments deposited by other river systems of the Sudetic Foreland occur at the margins of the porphyry-bearing series or partially overlie it. Units I-III were deposited mainly by sinuous, suspended-load, low energy rivers and only locally by gravel-load, high energy rivers. The preglacial sediments of units I-III consist of strongly re-worked, quartz-rich material and some kaoline matrix, that most probably come from Tertiary weathering mantles of the Sudetes Mts. These fluvial sequences were deposited by rivers with widely migrating valleys and they probably reflect weak tectonic activity in the region. Unit IV was deposited by bed-load, high energy rivers which were formed during general landscape reorganisation caused by strong tectonic activity. The new valleys were incised, and as a result, local, kaolin-free material became dominant in the sequence. The vertical amplitude of tectonic movements in the Sudetic Foreland at that time was about 40-80 m, with simultaneous uplift of the Sudetes Mts of about 60-70 m. Units I-III are most probably of Late Pliocene age, whereas unit IV could have been deposited from the Early Pleistocene to the Cromerian Stage.

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Nowe stanowiska osadów interglacjalnych w południowo-zachodniej Polsce

Kuszell T.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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1998

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nr 385

127-141

PL

Praca przedstawia wyniki badań palinologicznych osadów jeziornych i bagiennych pięciu nowych profili interglacjalnych z południowo-zachodniej Polski. W profilach z Dziadowej Kłody i Szklarki oznaczono flory interglacjału eemskiego z występującymi w ich stropie florami zlodowacenia północnopolskiego, natomiast w Jutrzynie - tylko interglacjału eemskiego. W Zbyczynie stwierdzono występowanie flor interglacjału ze Zbójna, zaś w Kuźni Boreckiej - flor interglacjału mazowieckiego. Na podstawie wyników badań florystycznych odtworzono obraz zbiorowisk roślinnych w poszczególnych odcinkach czasowych. Flory przedstawionych profili wykazują cechy diagnostyczne dla sukcesji florystycznych wymienionych interglacjałów i są podobne do flor z odpowiednich stanowisk interglacjalnych Polski zachodniej i południowo-zachodniej.

EN

Thirty-four sites of the Eemian Interglacial and one from the Zbójno Interglacial have been found in southwestern Poland. The author studied sixteen sites. This paper presents palynological investigations from five new sites. Profiles from Dziadowa Kłoda and Szklarka comprise the complete Eemian pollen successios as well as the early Weichselian. Jutrzyna profile comprises only the younger part of the Eemian succession, The profile at Zbyczyna comprises deposits from the Tilia-rich Zbójno Interglacial and the profile at Kuźnia Borecka deposits from the Mazovian (Holsteinian) Interglacial. The Eemian succession at Dziadowa Kłoda, Szklarka and Jutrzyna are very like other Eemian successions in Poland, with the optimum phase with Corylus and well developed post-optimal Carpinus-Tilia and Abies-Picea phases. However, the thickness of sediments from the optimum phase is only 20 cm at Dziadowa Kłoda and Szklarka, while the thickness of complete lacustrine sequence is up to 7 m. As the consequence the pollen succession is compacted and Quercus, Ulmus and Corylus appear almost at the same moment in the pollen diagram. In addition, these two profiles contain above the Eemian thick Weichselian sequence with peat, silt and sandy deposits. However, climatic oscillations have not been yet recognized, and more samples must be investigated. A Zbyczyna, the pollen succession begins from the pine-birch forest, which is followed by the pollen phase with Quercus, Carpinus, Corylus and especially with Tilia, which is dominant tree. This makes possible correlation of Zbyczyna profile with the Zbójno Interglacial in central Poland. The post-optimal phases comprise mainly conifers, at first with Picea Abies and than with Pinus-Picea forests. The Kuźnia Borecka profile comprises deposits with typical Mazovian (Holsteinian) pollen succession. Coniferous trees dominate throughout the profile, with minor admixtures of deciduous trees and some Pterocarya. In contrast to most of Mazovian sites in Poland, this at Kuźnia Borecka indicates only limited Taxus. This may be a regional characteristic, as some other sites in the neighbouring region have no Taxus either.