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EN
Due to the significant changes on the beer market the flourishing development of small and craft breweries is clearly observed. Upgraded consumers’ expectation led to many technological challenges in brewing process resulting in novel methods of manufacturing of many different beer types. As bitterness and aroma are two crucial quality features of beer and many scientific efforts have been done especially in the area of hop aroma. Despite the predominant impact of main beer flavor compound e.g. linalool, other substances also contribute to the hoppy beer aroma through additive or synergistic effects not only raw materials used but also hopping regimes contribute as well to final flavor release though several new methods of hopping, particularly dry hopping have been developed.
EN
This article presents the aspects of the activity of home brewers from the area of beer production on a micro scale. The first part discusses the market conditions affecting the growing popularity of non-commercial beers and the essence of craft, contractor and restaurant breweries. The second part describes the innovations emerging in the industry, not only in terms of new technologies and recipes, but also in building home brewer communities and their education through forums and dedicated websites. It also presents the initiatives supporting domestic brewing, coordinated by the Polish Home Brewers Association (Polskie Stowarzyszenie Piwowarów Domowych) (e.g. competitions, festivals, sensory courses). The multi-aspect analysis of the activities of home brewers revealed that the most important result of their self-education has been the “beer revolution”, going on since 2011, which has paved the way and enabled the commercial emergence of new taste offers, different from the typical light lager beer.
4
Content available remote Optimized CGH-based pattern recognizer.
EN
A pattern recognition system with a computer-generated hologram used as feature extractor, useful in many applications, is considered in the paper. The method of optimization of such extractors, based on a modified evolutionary algorithm with elements of rough set theory used to define a proper objective function, is also presented. The theoretical investigations are supported with experimental works for two different Optimized applications of the optimized system. The applications are examples of a wide area of pattern recognition problems where proper characteristic features are not easy to determine. The results obtained confirm the enhancement of system optimized with proposed method compared to systems with standard computer-generated hologram.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy problematyki i rozpoznawania zależnego od kontekstu na przykładzie systemów rozpoznawania i genrowania mowy. Przedstawiono w nim zastosowanie sztucznych sieci neuronowych i ukrytych modeli Markowa w strukturze takich systemów. Zwrócono uwagę na potencjalne możliwości przyśpieszenia rozpoznania w systemach z sieciami neuronowymi po wykorzystaniu rozkazów technologii MMX.
EN
The article concerns the problem of context dependent recognition tasks on the basis of speech recognition and speech generation systems. We present use of ANNs and HMMs in the structure of such systems. We point out the potential possibility of speed-up the recogntion in systems with ANNs after utilization of MMX technology commands.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono przegląd algorytmów wykorzystywanych podczas detekcji krawędzi w obrazach monochromatycznych (o 256 stopniach szarości), ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem metod opartych na badaniu zmian jasności w ortogonanych osiach rastra obrazu prostych masek splotu. Przedstawiono wyniki ich działania dla przykładowego obrazu, jak również idee bardziej zaawansowanych metod.
EN
The article presents overview of edge detection algorithms applied to monochromatic (grayscaled) images. This methods based mainly on examine pixels brightness in two orthogonal directions in an image using simple convolution masks. Examples of pictures after use this masks are included in this article.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe problemy występujące podczas programowania z wykorzystaniem agorytmów rekurencyjnych z powrotami oraz przykładowe sposoby ich rozwiązywania na podstawie procedury wypełniającej wzorcową krzyżówkę hasłami ze wstępnie przygotowanego słownika.
EN
The article presents basic problems which appears when recursive backtracking algorithms are used and methods to solve them. The sample crossword using prepared dictionary is presented.
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