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Determining the Environmental Impact of Cradle to Gate in Coal-Fired Power Generation

Triatmojo Pramudita, Hadinata Febrian, Sari Tuti Indah

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 5

EN

The analysis of environmental impacts throughout the entire process of coal-fired power plants is imperative to implement effective measures for controlling and reducing pollutant emissions. However, there is still limited research focusing on the cradle-to-gate stage in the life cycle of coal-fired power plants and their environmental impact. This study employs a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to assess the environmental impacts of coal-fired power plants in South Sumatra. The primary environmental impact categories of primary emissions include CO2, SO2, NOx, and CH4. The most significant environmental impacts arise from CO2 emissions, notably 98.46% from land clearing and preparation and 86.74% from overburden removal and coal extraction. These stages primarily contribute to global warming throughout the cradle-to-gate process. Sulfur dioxide emissions from land clearing activities are the main contributor to acid rain, followed by overburden removal and coal extraction (96.51%) and coal stockpiling (1.48%), which also play a role. The release of NOx from land clearing and preparation, overburden removal, and coal stockpiling contributes to the potential for eutrophication. Land clearing and preparation have a significant impact on global warming during the coal mining and distribution stages. Practical measures such as enhancing emission reduction facilities and increasing pollutant emission standards for each process are necessary to promote environmentally friendly coal-fired power plants.

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Analysis of technical evaluation and customer satisfaction of clean water services (case study: PDAM Lematang Enim at Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia)

Ningsih Wahyu, Fitriani Heni, Hadinata Febrian

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2023

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Vol. 32, No. 3

255--269

EN

The availability of clean water is the responsibility of the local government to the community by one of the regional-owned companies known as the regional drinking water company (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum – PDAM). The company performance will greatly affect community satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the performance of PDAM Lematang Enim and assess customer satisfaction with them. The data used in this study were collected through laboratory analysis and direct surveys of the community. The data were then analyzed using quantitative statistical methods. Customer satisfaction index (CSI) analysis and quadrant analysis are used to map customer satisfaction with the services provided. The CSI score showed that a value of 66.14 can be grouped in the satisfied category. The level of customer satisfaction with the services provided by PDAM Lematang Enim can be categorized as good. Strategies for increasing customer satisfaction are formulated through strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The results of the analysis show that customer satisfaction is included in the satisfied category. Water quality variables include that water does not smell and tastes quite good, but customers still feel that the water they receive has a different color. Strategies that can be implemented to increase customer satisfaction include focusing on increasing the most important variables according to customers, reducing spending on less important variables, and optimizing the use of appropriate technology.

3

Analysis of tariff adjustment for clean water usage

Fitriani Heni, Kurniawan Muhammad Agung, Hadinata Febrian

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2023

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Vol. 32, No. 2

155--174

EN

This study aims to assess the water supply company’s tariff modification under various circumstances. To evaluate the financial situation if no tariff modifications were made, the study first conducted an examination of the existing financial data. A tariff adjustment scenario is also run through an investment feasibility test and until it reaches the full cost recovery (FCR). A variety of scenarios for tariff adjustment were run, each one with a different percentage increase in tariffs and a different time period for the increase in tariffs. These scenarios were based on the findings of the analysis done on the water demand and the adjustment of water usage tariffs at PDAM Tirta Musi Palembang. This hypothetical situation demonstrated how higher tariffs will affect the company’s ability to increase revenue. To sum up, this study has offered a framework about tariff adjustment under various alternatives, and examples of successful and unsuccessful pricing strategies in the local water company.

4

Operation and maintenance financial feasibility analysis of centralized domestic wastewater treatment system (case study: Palembang City Sewerage Project)

Estu Larap K., Susanti Betty, Hadinata Febrian

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2021

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Vol. 30, No. 3

477--484

EN

Budget needed for operation and maintenance of centralized domestic wastewater management in Indonesia is often overlooked. This results in fail systems, high idle capacity, and abandoned assets. While the economic feasibility often used as the basis for centralized domestic wastewater infrastructure construction, the financial feasibility often shown a different result. The construction phase will be feasible according the analysis, while the operation and maintenance phase will have a different result. As unsolicited projects, the operation and maintenance of sewerage in Indonesia always have budget difficulties, thus needed scenario to resolve the matter. In this study, cost and revenue variable will be analyzed to determine the feasibility value based on NPV, BCR, and IRR calculations. The revenue comes from user charge tariffs on household and commercials connections, and cost variable consists of: chemical usage cost; sludge disposal cost; personnel wage cost; fuel and electricity cost; spare-part replacement cost. The analysis will determine whether both household connection and commercials connection in the sewerage system have positive results. Should negative results emerged, follow up analysis added to elevate the results consists of following scenarios: sensitivity analysis for tariffs adjustment; sensitivity analysis adding grant as option; sensitivity analysis adding loan as option. While analysis of base tariffs shown negative results on NPV, BCR, and IRR calculation, the follow up analysis shown significant changes thus the results is desirable.

5

Paper Components Effect on Hydraulic Characteristics of Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste

Hadinata Febrian, Susanti Betty, Soraya Muthia, Silaban Aprina Sriwita

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 2

272--278

EN

Indonesian municipal solid waste (MSW) is dominated by biodegradable MSW (organic and paper). Due to the degradation process, the physical and hydraulic characteristics of these components can change. It is important to study the physical and hydraulic characteristics of MSW, because landslides occurred in several landfills in Indonesia after heavy rains. Field observations showed that landslides occur due to reduced paper components in the landfill (due to high recycling activities), and cause high percolation of water into the landfill. In the research, 38 samples consisting of two variants of MSW samples (organic and 80% organic + 20% paper), were prepared under the conditions of optimum moisture content. The organic sample of MSW is leaf, while the paper sample of MSW is newspaper, which were shredded to a diameter of about 1 cm. The tests of moisture content, bulk density (in the mould of permeameter), particle size distribution, and permeability were carried out on both sample variants for 90 days, with a test frequency of once in 5 days. The results showed that there was an increase in the moisture content and density, and a decrease in particle size and permeability in both variants of MSW sample. Organic MSW + paper has lower permeability and higher density than organic MSW. This requires further study, because a high paper recycling ratio can lead to a change in the landfill characteristics.