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Soybean Productivity of the Ukraine under Ecologization of Cultivation Technology

Tkachuk Oleksandr, Pantsyreva Hanna, Kupchuk Ihor, Volynets Yevhenii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 5

279--293

The scientific article is devoted to the greening of technologies and its individual aspects, which is an important agricultural measure that can curb further decline in soil fertility, stabilize production systems, and reduce dependence on technological factors. Of the entire complex of agrotechnical measures in biologically based soybean cultivation technologies, the lowest material and labor costs are incurred for pre-sowing seed treatment with bacterial preparations and treatment of crops with growth regulators. The effect of biological products–growth regulators is due to their influence on the plant organism at certain stages of organogenesis and is associated with significant changes in the process of metabolism, restructuring of a number of metabolic systems. In the course of experimental studies, a variant with seed treatment with Rizogumin-Plus and two-time treatment of crops with the retardant chlormequat chloride was identified by the manifestation of the studied soybean traits: first–in phase of the 3rd trifoliate leaf, second–in the budding phase. The main objective of the research was to study the patterns of manifestation and formation of productivity elements and yield level of soybean agrophytocenoses depending on varietal composition, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a bacterial preparation and concentration of retardant. During 2018–2022, a three-factor experiment will be conducted in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The material of the research was soybean varieties of domestic selection–Azimuth and Golubka, which were studied according to the following field experiment scheme: control (no treatment), seed inoculation (treatment of seed with the biological preparation Rizogumin), concentration of retardant (no treatment, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% solution). The relevance of the research is reinforced by the task of applied research on the topic: «Development of scientific and technological support for improving soil fertility and rational use of bioresources potential» (state registration number: 0124U000444).

Formation of Yield and Grain Quality of Spring Barley Depending on Fertiliser Optimisation

Mazur Olexandr, Tkachuk Oleksandr, Mazur Olena, Voloshyna Oksana, Tunko Valentyna, Yakovets Lyudmila

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 4

282--291

In the current conditions of intensification of grain production, it is important to develop resource-saving cultivation technologies that ensure the maximum realisation of the genetic potential of crop varieties through the use of foliar fertilisation and mineral fertilisers. The article presents the results of research on the optimisation of fertilisation of spring barley plants. During the period of research, the influence of fertilisation and foliar feeding on the germination and preservation of spring barley plants, net photosynthetic productivity, elements of the yield structure, yield and grain quality was assessed. The research was conducted in the experimental field of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University during 2018–2020 on grey forest medium loamy soils. The hydrothermal conditions were quite contrasting and differed from the average perennial conditions both in terms of heat intensity and moisture level, which allowed to study the influence of the studied factors and their interaction on the formation of spring barley yield and grain quality. The maximum indicators of plant preservation, net productivity of photosynthesis, elements of crop structure, yield and grain quality were obtained in the experiment variant with the combined application of mineral fertiliser at a dose of N30P30K30 and foliar feeding of plants with Vuksal microfertiliser (BBCH 33-51) and (BBCH 51-54) in Aizhan and Aristey varieties. With the application of mineral fertiliser at a dose of N30P30K30, the grain yield of spring barley varieties Aizhan and Aristey increased by 0.99; 0.85 Mg·ha-1, and the protein content by 1.9; 2.0% compared to the control variant. With the combined application of mineral fertiliser at a dose of N30P30K30 and foliar feeding of plants with Vuksal microfertiliser, grain yield increased by 1.54; 1.23 Mg·ha-1 for one-time foliar feeding; by 1.77; 1.42 Mg·ha-1 for two-time foliar feeding, and protein content by 2.8; 2.7 and 3.4; 3.3% in Aizhan and Aristey varieties compared to the control variant, respectively.