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Wpływ zmiany klimatu na obiekty budowlane. Część II. Ekstremalne zjawiska pogodowe jako przyczyny katastrof budowlanych w Polsce

Dąbrowska Jolanta, Gradka Robert, Rawska-Skotniczny Anna, Biniak-Pieróg Małgorzata

Przegląd Budowlany

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2025

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R. 96, nr 4

187--189

PL

W pracy przedstawiono trendy dotyczące opadów, grubości i czasu zalegania pokrywy śnieżnej, silnych wiatrów, długości okresu wegetacyjnego, średnich oraz ekstremalnych wartości temperatury powietrza dla obszaru Polski. Na podstawie danych Głównego Urzędu Nadzoru Budowlanego (GUNB) z lat 2006-2023 przeanalizowano, w jakim stopniu ekstremalne zjawiska atmosferyczne przyczyniły się do katastrof obiektów budowlanych w Polsce.

EN

The study presents trends in precipitation, snow cover thickness and duration, strong winds, length of the growing season, as well as average and extreme air temperature values for the territory of Poland. Based on data from the Central Office of Building Control (GUNB) for the years 2006-2023, an analysis was conducted to determine the extent to which extreme weather events contributed to construction disasters in Poland.

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Wpływ zmiany klimatu na obiekty budowlane. Część I. Wyzwania adaptacyjne w budownictwie wobec nasilających się zjawisk ekstremalnych

Dąbrowska Jolanta, Gradka Robert, Rawska-Skotniczny Anna, Biniak-Pieróg Małgorzata

Przegląd Budowlany

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2025

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R. 96, nr 3

118--121

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę wpływu zmiany klimatu na obiekty budowlane. Omówiono wyzwania stojące przed konstruktorami w zakresie zmieniających się obciążeń wiatrem, śniegiem, zwiększającym się wpływem ekstremalnych temperatur, intensywnych opadów, powodzi oraz suszy na obiekty budowlane i ich otoczenie. Wskazano działania, jakie należy podjąć w projektowaniu, budowie oraz utrzymaniu obiektów budowlanych w celu minimalizacji negatywnego wpływu zmiany klimatu. Podkreślono konieczność ciągłego dostosowywania norm projektowych do nowych warunków klimatycznych, stosowania materiałów i rozwiązań odpornych na ekstremalne warunki atmosferyczne, zwiększenia kontroli technicznej obiektów już istniejących.

EN

The study presents an analysis of the impact of climate change on building structures. It discusses the challenges faced by civil engineers with changing wind and snow loads, the increasing influence of extreme temperatures, intense precipitation, floods, and droughts on building structures and their surroundings. The necessary measures to be undertaken in the design, construction, and maintenance of building structures to minimize the negative impact of climate change are identified. The study emphasizes the need for continuous adaptation of design standards to new climatic conditions, the use of materials and solutions resistant to extreme weather conditions, and the enhancement of technical inspections of existing structures.

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Hydrological Modelling as a Support for Infrastructure Design and Maintenance

Uciechowska-Grakowicz Anna, Chrobak Grzegorz, Dąbrowska Jolanta

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

629--636

EN

One of the many concerns related to climate change is its impact on infrastructure, for example in the case of structures such as bridges or culverts which are more frequently exposed to conditions like significant differences in water table levels or floods. Varying weather conditions can also cause deterioration of properties of the materials which they are made of, which coupled with higher loads (water, wind or temperature variation, depending on the structure) decreases their durability and hinders their operation. Existing infrastructure facilities were designed with the use of historical data, and those design assumptions can be out of date at the moment, moreover their validity decreases with further climate changes. In order to support the design of new infrastructure facilities and the maintenance of already existing ones, climate change should be taken into account. One of the means that can be used to assess the impact of climate change on bridges and other river infrastructure is hydrological modelling. In this paper, the authors present a hydrological model of the flow in the Ślęza River, a 78.6 km long, left- bank tributary of the Odra River, as well as in its tributaries, with a particular focus on the points where bridges are located. The model was performed with QSWAT software, taking into account two scenarios of climate change: SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 (obtained with the use of NorESM2-LM model) and calibrated with the use of historical meteorological data. The results of the model include daily flows for years 2023-2050, which allows to compare characteristic (statistical) flows and observe trends; also a change in the dynamics of the river caused by thaws can also be observed. A greater number of extreme events can be seen in the results for the SSP2-4.5 scenario, the values of flood flows are also higher for this scenario, whereas the average flows are higher for the SSP5-8.5 scenario, which is due to higher rainfall in this scenario – although the threat of short-term extreme events is lower, but nevertheless, due to increased flows, scouring development can occur in this scenario, which when left uncontrolled can pose great risks to bridges. The obtained results would be helpful for engineers who plan the maintenance of infrastructure facilities, as this analysis would provide additional data in order to choose optimal solutions for the costs of exploitation and for the environment.

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Climate Change Impacts on Built Environment

Dąbrowska Jolanta, Rawska-Skotniczny Anna, Kaźmierowski Maciej, Biniak-Pieróg Małgorzata

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

575--582

EN

We are currently in the period of an intensive climate change, resulting from changes in the heat balance of the earth’s surface and causing an increase in the temperature of the lower troposphere levels. According to the latest IPCC report of 2021, it is human activity that has indisputably caused the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, responsible for this process. The consequences of climate change under Polish conditions, apart from a rise in temperature especially in the spring and winter months, are also changes in the amount and distribution of precipitation totals. A slight increase in precipitation totals is observed, however heavy rainfall is significantly more frequent, interspersed with periods of droughts and heatwaves. Ground frost-free periods are prolonged, and a negative trend in the duration and thickness of snow cover is recorded in most parts of the country. Although extreme phenomena occurring in Poland are permanently inscribed in its climatic conditions, the threat of strong winds has been increasing in recent years, and the intense precipitation that often accompanies them is the cause of peak discharges and flooding. Forecasts for progressive climate change are not optimistic, either on a global scale or for the country in question. The article examines the impact of climate change on the design, construction and maintenance of engineering structures globally and for Poland. Changes in design standards, selected examples of disasters and solutions to adapt and build resilience to climate change have been analysed. For most building disasters, climatic factors were the direct cause of the disaster, although in the course of the analysis it has usually turned out that the disasters exposed human errors in the design, construction and, to a lesser extent, the improper maintenance of engineering structures. However, there is an increasing number of new approaches to creating a climate change resilient built environment, including the latest one, which proposes to use the grey infrastructure of cities to build resilience to climate change.