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1
Content available Research on the maritime logistics pricing model of risk-averse retailer-dominated dual-channel supply chain
Fang Q., Tong Z., Ren L., Liu A.
Polish Maritime Research
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2018
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S 2
107--116
EN
Price decision is studied in a risk-averse retailer-dominated dual-channel supply chain, which consisting of one manufacturers and one retailer with both off-line and on-line channels. Firstly, two mean-variance models in centralized and decentralized supply chain are established. Secondly, the optimal solutions under the two decision modes are compared and analyzed. The results shows that the price of dual-channel of retailer decreased with the increase of retailers’ risk- aversion coefficient and the standard deviation of the fluctuation of market demand, while the wholesale price changes is on the contrary; in addition, when the market demand is greater than a certain value, the prices of dual channel are correspondingly higher in decentralized supply chain than in centralized supply chain, and vice versa. In addition, when the retailer’s risk aversion is in a certain interval, the expected utility of the whole supply chain is greater in centralized supply chain than in decentralized decision, and vice versa. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the above conclusions.
2
Content available A novel method to calculate the mechanical properties of cancer cells based on atomic force microscopy
Zhang T, Zhao Y., Tong Z., Guang Y.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2016
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Vol. 18, no. 1
19--24
EN
Purpose: Mechanical properties, as the inherent characteristics of cells, play a critical role in many essential physiological processes, including cell differentiation, migration, and growth. The mechanical properties of cells are one of the criteria that help to determine whether the tissue contains lesions at the single cell level, and it is very important for the early prevention and accurate diagnosis of diseases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) makes it possible to measure the mechanical properties at single cell level in physiological state. This paper presents a novel method to calculate the mechanical properties of cancer cells more accurately through Atomic force microscopy. Methods: A new induced equation of Hertz’s model, called differential Hertz’s model, has been proposed to calculate the mechanical properties of cancer cells. Moreover, the substrate effect has also been effectively reduced through comparing the calculated mechanical properties of cell at different cell surface areas. Results: The results indicate that the method utilized to calculate the mechanical properties of cells can effectively eliminate the errors in calculation, caused by the thermal drift of AFM system and the substrate effect, and thus improve the calculation accuracy. Conclusion: The mechanical properties calculated by our method in this study are closer to the actual value. Thus, this method shows potential for use in establishing a standard library of Young’s modulus.
3
Content available remote Speckle reduction by angle diversity using a translucent spatial light modulator
Tong Z., Chen X.
Optica Applicata
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2012
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Vol. 42, nr 3
651-658
EN
A translucent spatial light modulator (SLM) and a condenser lens are introduced to suppress the laser speckle effect. The SLM is programmed as a sinusoidal grating with rotating orientation and/or adjustable period. The incident laser beam is diffracted into various diffraction orders after the SLM modulation, and the diffraction light beams with temporally changing incident angles are focused onto a transmission diffuser by a condenser lens. A CCD camera is used to record the speckle patterns in free space, and the speckle effect is reduced after integrating all the speckle patterns together. The speckle reduction principles are discussed, and about 0.3 speckle contrast ratio (CR) is obtained, where the grating rotating orientation span is 5°, and two grating periods have been chosen.
4
Content available remote Fluctuation measurement of particle concentration using Electrical Capacitance Tomography
Takei M., Tong Z.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Łódzka
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2009
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z. 114
17-21
EN
An Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) system, which is consists of three CT sensors, has been developed to non-invasively measure the transitional powder concentration in a down powder flow. The distribution images of powder concentration are obtained under different parameter conditions. The particle flow rate was proved to influence the uniformity of the particle concentration directly. Then, the axial profiles of particle volume fraction and its fluctuation were put forward, and the results agreed well with the theoretical analysis.
5
Content available remote All optical method to achieve gain-clamping in broadband distributed fiber Raman amplifiers
Wei H., Tong Z., Wang M., Jian S.
Optica Applicata
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2004
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Vol. 34, nr 3
365-372
EN
In this paper, we proposed that using a pair of fiber gratings in a section of the transmission fiber, a gain clamped broadband distributed fiber Raman amplifiers (DRA) can easily be made based on the utilization of the pumps’ interactions and uneven gain property along the fiber in the amplifier
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