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2 Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2 2012

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Variability and plasticity of motor unit properties in mammalian skeletal muscle

Celichowski J., Krutki P.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2012

Vol. 32, no. 4

33-45

In the majority of mammalian skeletal muscles, contractile properties of motor units are variable and three main types of these units can be distinguished. The present review summarizes: results of studies of motor unit properties in the medial gastrocnemius muscle and their variability in two species, cats and rats, and studies on differences of motor unit properties in two genders. Moreover, plasticity of motor unit properties in rat medial gastrocnemius evoked by two kinds of spinal cord injury, total transection and hemisection, is reviewed, and effects of two types of training, treadmill locomotor and whole-body vibration training, are summarized. Finally, changes in the motor unit properties during the aging process are presented.

Motor unit contractions evoked by stimulation with variable interpulse intervals

Krutki P., Celichowski J., Raikova R.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2012

Vol. 32, no. 3

29-42

During natural contractions motor units (MUs) are activated by variable frequency discharge patterns of motoneurones. The aim of this review was (1) to discuss differences between tetanic contractions developed at constant and random frequencies of pulses; (2) to show results of mathematical decomposition of these tetani into series of twitch-shaped responses to individual pulses; (3) to indicate that it is possible to predict the tetanic force of a MU with high accuracy by using regression equations derived on a basis of the relationships between the parameters of the decomposed twitches and the force level at which the next response begins.