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Trace elements in scalp hair of leukaemia patients

Khuder A., Bakir M. A., Hasan R., Mohammad A., Habil K.

Nukleonika

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2014

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Vol. 59, No. 3

111--120

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in scalp hair of leukaemia patients and healthy volunteers, using the optimised XRF method. Leukaemia hair samples were classifi ed corresponding to type, growth and age of the participants. The results showed that the studied trace elements (TEs) in both of leukaemia and control groups were positively skewed. In comparison with the control group, lower Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb and higher of Ni medians were found in all studied leukaemia patients. The median rank obtained by Mann–Whitney U-test revealed insignifi cant differences between the leukaemia patients subgroups and the controls. An exact probability (α < 0.05) associated with the U-test showed signifi cant differences between medians in leukaemia patients and controls groups for Pb (lymphatic/control, acute/control), Cu (lymphatic/control, chronic/control), Ni (lymphatic/control, chronic/control) and Fe (chronic/control). Very strong positive and negative correlations (r > 0.70) in the scalp hair of control group were observed between Ni/Fe-Ni, Cu/Fe-Cu, Zn/Fe-Zn, Pb/Fe-Pb, Cu/Ni-Zn/Ni, Cu/Ni-Pb/Ni, Zn/Ni-Pb/Ni, Zn/Fe-Zn/Cu, Pb/Ni-Ni and Ni/Fe-Pb/Ni, whereas only very strong positive ratios in the scalp hair of leukaemia patients group were observed between Ni/Fe-Ni, Cu/Fe-Cu, Zn/Fe-Zn and Pb/Fe-Pb, all correlations were signifi cant at p < 0.05. Other strong and signifi cant correlations were also observed in scalp hair of both groups. Signifi cant differences between grouping of studied TEs in all classifi ed leukaemia groups and controls were found using principal component analysis (PCA). The results of PCA confi rmed that the type and the growth of leukaemia factors were more important in element loading than the age factor.

2

Major, minor, and trace elements in whole blood of patients with different leukemia patterns

Khuder A., Bakir M. A., Solaiman A., Issa H., Habil K., Mohammad A.

Nukleonika

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2012

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Vol. 57, No. 3

389-399

EN

The elemental sensitivity method for X-ray fluorescence analysis was applied to determine S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, and Rb in the whole blood of leukemia patients and healthy volunteers. Leukemia samples were classified according to type, growth, and age of participants. Student’s t-test results showed that, the mean concentration of the studied elements was significantly lower in leukemia patients than that in controls. Strong mutual correlations (r greather than 0.50) in the whole blood of leukemia patients were observed between S-Ca, K-Fe, K-Ca, Fe-Zn, K-Zn, K-Rb, Fe-Rb, Zn-Rb, S-Cl, S-K, Ca-Fe, Cl-Ca, and Ca-Rb; whereas, S-K, S-Ca, S-Cl, Cl-K, Cl-Ca, Fe-Zn, Zn-Rb, Fe-Rb, K-Fe, and Zn-Br exhibited strong relationships (r greather than 0.50) in the whole blood of controls, all were significant at p less than 0.05. Significant differences between grouping of studied elements in the control group and all classified leukemia groups, except younger age-group, were obtained using principal component analysis. The study indicated appreciably different patterns of element distribution and mutual relationships in the whole blood of leukemia patients in comparison with controls.

3

In - house preparation and evaluation of Tc-99m-HIG kit for detection of infection in AIDS patients

Bakir M. A., Mansour R., Mohammad A., Habil K., Yassine T.

Nukleonika

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2012

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Vol. 57, No. 1

117-124

EN

99mTc-HIG can be used for early detection of inflammation and infection foci especially in immunodeficiency patients. The present study involves in-house preparation and evaluation of human immunoglobulin-hydrazinonicotinic acid (HIG-HYNIC) kit to be labeled with 99mTc. In this indirect labeling method, the structure and biological activity of the protein can be maintained. The kit consists of two vials A and B, the vial A contains 2 mg of HIG-HYNIC, and the vial B contains 10 mg of tricine and 1 mg of stannous chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O). The results revealed that the lyophilized kits were stable for at least 10 months, and showed a high quality from the points of physical, chemical, radiochemical and biological purities, and its validity for human injection. The labeling yield of HIG-HYNIC compound exceeded 98%. The application of the prepared kit was experimentally illustrated in animal models with artificially induced inflammatory lesions after E. coli injection into rat leg muscle. The biodistribution and imaging studies in rats have shown good localization in infected muscle (T) in comparison to the normal muscle (M) 4 and 24 h after injection. Ratios of 17 and 18 were achieved 4 and 24 h post injection, respectively. The results of biodistribution of 99mTc-HIG in human and initial clinical evaluation show that this agent is a good radiopharmaceutical for infection imaging.