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Comparing Carex Species of Mid-Forest Spring Ecosystems in Terms of Ability to Accumulate Macro- and Microelements

Parzych A. E., Sobisz Z., Jonczak J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 5

125--136

EN

The aim of the research was to compare the accumulative macro- and microelements in the shoots of Carex acutiformis, Carex echinata, Carex paniculata, Carex remota and Carex rostrata. The content of components in the shoots of the plants was analyzed in relation the chemical composition of the soil. The research was done within the area of four mid-forest spring niches situated in the valley of a tributary of the Słupia River located within the area of Leśny Dwór Forest Inspectorate (Northern Poland). The examined species of Carex, in comparison to other plants in spring niches, were characterized by an average capacity to accumulate both macro- and microelements, which results in little interest in these species when planning artificial buffer zones. Out of the analyzed species, the shoots of C. echinata accumulated the largest quantities of Mg, Zn and Mn, the shoots of C. paniculata –Fe, C. remota – K, Ni, Al and Sr, C. acutiformis – N and P, and the shoots of C. rostrata –Ca and Cu. Similarities between the species of Carex, which resulted from their accumulative properties, were discovered. C. echinata and C. rostrata were characterized by high levels of bioconcentration factors (BF) for Sr, Cu and Ca and low BF for K. C. paniculata and C. remota represented high BF levels for Ni and Mg and low BF levels for Sr, Al, Mn, Cu, Ca, Fe and N. On the other hand, C. acutiformis was characterized by high BF levels for P, K and Mn. In spite of an average accumulative capacity, the examined species of Carex were characterized by highly developed surface and underground zones which had effective impact on the retention of pollutants.

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Accumulation of Chemical Elements by Organs of Sparganium Erectum L. and Their Potential Use in Phytoremediation Process

Parzych A. E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 1

89--100

EN

The study of bottom sediments and organs of Sparganium erectum carried out in the summer of 2014 in the city of Lębork, located in Northern Poland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of macroelements and heavy metals in the leaves, rhizomes and roots S. erectum and in bottom sediments of the Łeba River as well as comparison of accumulation and translocation factors of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd and Cr in researched organs of aquatic plant. The use of S. erectum for biomonitoring and phytoremediation has also been considered. The results of Mann Whitney U test showed a number of statistically significant differences in the content of chemical elements in the leaves, rhizomes, roots and in bottom sediments. The macroelements are mainly accumulated in leaves and heavy metals are accumulated in roots and rhizomes of S. erectum. Increased Mn and Fe content in roots and rhizomes of S. erectum, in relation this physiological needs, refers to the beneficial effects of this species in the water treatment and sludge from the bottom sediment of manganese and iron compounds. The obtained bioconcentration and translocation factors values allowed to state that S. erectum can be used for phytoremediation of contaminated bottom sediments because retains metals in their roots and limit Mn and Fe mobility from roots and rhizomes to leaves once absorbed by roots of plant.

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The Ability of Leaves and Rhizomes of Aquatic Plants to Accumulate Macro- and Micronutrients

Parzych A. E., Cymer M., Jonczak J., Szymczyk S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 3

198--205

EN

The samples of macrophytes and bottom sediments originated from the littoral zone of the Słupia River were collected in summer 2013. The aim of this study was to compare the properties of the accumulation of leaves and rhizomes of Glyceria maxima, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Phalaris arundinacea for macro- and micronutrients. The largest quantities of macroelements were found in the leaves of the examined species, and microelements dominated the rhizomes of most examined macrophytes except for Mn in P.australis and T.latifolia. The obtained results show that N and K dominated in the leaves of P.arundinacea, P and Mg in the leaves of P.australis, and Ca in the leaves of G.maxima. The largest quantities of N, P and K were cumulated in the rhizomes of P.arundinacea, while Mg and Ca in the rhizome of T.latifolia. The leaves of aquatic plants accumulated from 1354.9 mmolc·kg-1 (T.latifolia) to 1844.0 mmolc·kg-1 (P.arundinacea), and rhizomes from 985.8 mmolc·kg-1 (G.maxima) to 1335.2 mmolc·kg-1 (P.arundinacea) of all the analyzed components. In these species of macrophytes lower accumulated value of the sum of macro- and microelements were found in the rhizomes. The share of nitrogen was 42.4–59.8% of this amount, phosphorus 4.3–8.6%, potassium 22.8–35.1%, calcium from 2,6% to 12.4%, magnesium 3.0–7.5%, and heavy metals were from 0.6% (G.maxima) to 1.2% (T.latifolia) in leaves and from 2.2% (T.latifolia) to 8.7% (G.maxima) in rhizomes.