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Utopia depicta - mapy krain idealnych

Skrycki R.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2012

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T. 44, nr 4

334-341

PL

Autor podejmuje próbę zebrania i przeanalizowania kartograficznych przedstawień krain idealnych, czyli tzw. utopii. Począwszy od I wydania Utopii Thomasa More'a (1516), aż po koniec wieku XVIII pojawiały się na rynku kartograficznym rozmaite próby opisania wymyślonej krainy za pomocą mapy. Jak się wydaje, wszystkie one stanowiły swego rodzaju zabawę intelektualną między autorem a odbiorcą, będącą integralnie powiązaną z rzeczywistością społeczno-polityczną, w jakiej tworzył autor.

EN

Along with the first publication of Thomas More's Utopia in 1516, there appeared in cartography the motif of the map of 'ideal lands', in other words a cartographic commentary on a book. The first anonymously done map was in the third edition of the book substituted with a map by Ambrosius Holbein. After 'erasing' the content other than cartographic we are left with a skull - the iconographic symbol of memento mon. After Plato, who was the first to place the ideal land on an island, other cartographers used it, including Abraham Ortelius, author of the 1596 map. At the end of the 17th century, there appeared Johann Andreas Schnebelin's satire, whose author described problems and faults of contemporary world in a long commentary to Johann Baptiste Homann's map of an utopian continent. This way of commenting on reality was willingly used by the biggest publishing houses - J. B. Homann's in Nuremberg and M. Seutter's in Augsburg. Maps of ideal lands or eudemonias were a cartographic and iconographic way to express one's opinion about reality. They were a form of intellectual play for the educated elite of Renaissance Europe and a weapon to fight slothful society for moralizers of the Enlightenment.

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Na marginesie nowej interpretacji "Geografii" Ptolemeusza

Skrycki R.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2009

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T. 41, nr 1

28-33

PL

W artykule omówiono próbę nowej interpretacji nazw ptolemejskich w odniesieniu do ziem nadodrzańskich, wywołaną najnowszym przekładem Geografii Ptolemeusza. Jednocześnie wysunięto hipotezę co do identyfikacji miejscowości określonej przez starożytnego autora jako Rugium.

EN

The new translation of Ptolemy's Geography, published in Switzerland in 2006 has been almost unnoticed in Poland. The authors reinterpreted a number of questions, it is therefore needed to consider, if, and how, the new interpretation changes our knowledge of ancient evidence concerning the Polish territory (historical and present). The issue is important, because the new findings concern also the territory of today's Poland. In the second part of the article the author adds to the German debate on the topie and puts forward a hypothesis concerning the identification of Ptolemy's Rugium as today's Chojna. The author's intent is to start a discussion on the ancient geographer's knowledge of the territory east of Oder. German press discussion on the reinterpretation of almost 1000 names from Ptolemy's work acts is given as a good example. The author also presents his view on the attempts, mainly in popular literature, to identify ancient names in present Poland.

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O kosmografii w państwie idealnym na przykładzie "Miasta Słońca" Tomasza Campanelli

Skrycki R.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2009

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R. 54, nr 2

21-36

EN

The modern representatives of Utopia paid a great attention to put their ideal constructions within the limits of 'reality'. In order to make their visions authentic, among others, they used to present detailed geographical descriptions. And the later their works were written, the more attention was paid by the authors to localization, natural conditions and relations between social policy and geography of the described country. Thanks to such presentation, the reader was convinced that read about the place, which existed in reality. Of course, in such circumstances the author was obliged to know much more about contemporary geographical writings. Undoubtedly, Thomas Campanella was a writer and philosopher, who must have known cosmographic works of the epoch. Additionally, his numerous journeys made it possible for him to verify his earlier theoretical reflections. 'City of the Sun' is a typical book that is to reveal the status of geography in contemporaneous Utopia. One should admit that the above-mentioned domain was highly appreciated by Campanella, who wrote about it very often. Moreover, geography was so much approved by him that he put Earth globe as its attribute on the altar in central place of the city. One can also say that the influence of the Great Discoveries' epoch and colonial expansion of many European countries made people pay peculiar attention to geography. What interesting, in Campanella's work besides geography, which plays a significant role, also other domains are mentioned. In a way, the realms are essential for constructing geographical descriptions (astrology = astronomy, geology, natural sciences and others) in gremio intensify the essence of description.