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EN
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is the only space geodetic technique capable to realise the Celestial Reference Frame and tie it with the Terrestrial Reference Frame. It is also the only technique, which measures all the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) on a regular basis, thus the role of VLBI in determination of the universal time, nutation and polar motion and station coordinates is invaluable. Although geodetic VLBI has been providing observations for more than 30 years, there are no clear guidelines how to deal with the stations or baselines having significantly bigger post-fit residuals than the other ones. In our work we compare the common weighting strategy, using squared formal errors, with strategies involving exclusion or down-weighting of stations or baselines. For that purpose we apply the Vienna VLBI Software VieVS with necessary additional procedures. In our analysis we focus on statistical indicators that might be the criterion of excluding or down-weighting the inferior stations or baselines, as well as on the influence of adopted strategy on the EOP and station coordinates estimation. Our analysis shows that in about 99% of 24-hour VLBI sessions there is no need to exclude any data as the down-weighting procedure is sufficiently efficient. Although results presented here do not clearly indicate the best algorithm, they show strengths and weaknesses of the applied methods and point some limitations of automatic analysis of VLBI data. Moreover, it is also shown that the influence of the adopted weighting strategy is not always clearly reflected in the results of analysis.
EN
Communication states a basis of utilization of a Space through scientific and technological satellite missions. Nevertheless even nowadays it is a challenging task which need advanced equipment and precise analysis of the problem. After a successful launch of three satellites Polish engineers and scientists are getting experience in that field. In the following paper authors are presenting a communication system used in a frame of the BRITE-PL project. Additionally a theoretical analysis and on-board satellite measurements of the satellite radio link parameters will be presented and compared.
EN
The complex demodulation (CD) algorithm is an efficient tool for extracting the diurnal and subdiurnal components of Earth rotation from the routine VLBI observations (Brzeziński, 2012). This algorithm was implemented by Böhm et al (2012b) into a dedicated version of the VLBI analysis software VieVs. The authors processed around 3700 geodetic 24-hour observing sessions in 1984.0-2010.5 and estimated simultaneously the time series of the long period components as well as diurnal, semidiurnal, terdiurnal and quarterdiurnal components of polar motion (PM) and universal time UT1. This paper describes the tests of the CD algorithm by checking consistency of the low frequency components of PM and UT1 estimated by VieVS CD and those from the IERS and IVS combined solutions. Moreover, the retrograde diurnal component of PM demodulated from VLBI observations has been compared to the celestial pole offsets series included in the IERS and IVS solutions. We found for all three components a good agreement of the results based on the CD approach and those based on the standard parameterization recommended by the IERS Conventions (IERS, 2010) and applied by the IERS and IVS. We conclude that an application of the CD parameterization in VLBI data analysis does not change those components of EOP which are included in the standard adjustment, while enabling simultaneous estimation of the high frequency components from the routine VLBI observations. Moreover, we deem that the CD algorithm can also be implemented in analysis of other space geodetic observations, like GNSS or SLR, enabling retrieval of subdiurnal signals in EOP from the past data.
PL
Mózgowe porażenie dziecięce jest chorobą dotykającą miliony dzieci na świecie, dlatego też istnieje ciągła potrzeba projektowania nowego, czy też ulepszania istniejącego już sprzętu rehabilitacyjnego. Analiza potrzeb fizjoterapeutów, opiekunów oraz chorych dzieci doprowadziła do powstania pomysłu opracowania projektu zabawki rehabilitacyjnej pod postacią obrazu.
EN
Cerebral palsy is a disease that affects millions of children around the world, which is why there is a continuing need to design a new, or improve existing rehabilitation equipment. Analysis of the needs of physiotherapists, carers and sick children led to the idea of a rehabilitation toy in the form of an image.
PL
Nawet największe metropolie, a w nich miejsca o intensywnym zaludnieniu, nie są już dziś, tak jak być może dawniej, synonimem zaniedbania. Współczesne miasta przestają być kamienną pustynią. Zmierzają w kierunku nie tylko idei miasta inteligentnego, ekologicznego, ale również zielonego.
PL
Identyfikacja wizualna architektury to w głównej mierze kwestia języka, w tym przede wszystkim języka niewerbalnego, języka form wizualnych - tekstu i sposobów jego użytkowania. Ikony współczesnej architektury to raczej struktury wizualne - komunikaty -identyfikujące kompleksy przestrzeni, konteksty przestrzenne, obszary, w mniejszym stopniu pojedyncze obiekty. Ikony współczesnej architektury to metafory wizualne, formy tekstu identyfikującego nowe sensy przestrzeni, nowe znaczenia tych obszarów oraz nowe postawy filozoficzne ich autorów.
EN
Visual identity of architecture it is a mainly a matters of language - at that case over all unverbal language - languge of visual forms - visual text and ways of using it. The icons of contemporary architecture are rather visual structure communicates identifying complex of space , contexts of space, area, less then single object. The icons of contemporary architecture are the forms of visual methafor, forms of text identifying new senses of space, new meanings ofthat area and new philosophical attitude of their authors.
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