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1

Observation of intrapulse energy switching in standing-wave electron linac

Matusiak Michał, Kosiński Tymoteusz, Wronka Sławomir, Zakrzewski Tomasz

Nukleonika

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2022

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Vol. 67, No. 3

43--47

EN

For the development of an effective cargo-scanning system, an intrapulse energy switching has been tested at the National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) with the possibility to change the beam energy within a 4 μs pulse of the linear electron accelerator (linac). Modifi cation of the electron energy is achieved through the beam-loading effect in a standing-wave accelerating structure equipped with a triode gun. Construction of the machine and the achieved results are presented in this article.

2

Generator mikrofalowy do badań odporności na HPM

Andrasiak Michał, Baczewski Artur, Bogowicz Józef, Chabera Mariusz, Kaźmierczak Kacper, Klimaszewski Jan, Kosiński Tymoteusz, Łubian Andrzej, Matusiak Michał, Misiarz Agnieszka, Pracz Janusz, Rzadkiewicz Jacek, Wojciechowski Marcin, Wronka Sławomir, Zakrzewski Tomasz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 3

84--86

PL

W Narodowym Centrum Badań Jądrowych zaprojektowano, zbudowano i uruchomiono impulsowy generator mikrofalowy, który może być wykorzystany do badań wpływu HPM na układy elektroniczne i organizmy żywe oraz do testowania osłon i aktywnych układów zabezpieczających przed HPM. W artykule przedstawiono budowę układu oraz osiągnięte wyniki.

EN

At the National Centre for Nuclear Research, a pulsed microwave generator was designed, built and launched. It can be used to study the impact of HPM on electronic systems and living organisms, as well as to test shields and active protection systems against HPM. The article presents the architecture of the system and the achieved results.

3

Development of X-ray scanning system Sowa

Bogowicz Józef, Chabera Mariusz, Dziewiecki Wojciech, Kaźmierczak Kacper, Klimaszewski Jan, Kosiński Tymoteusz, Łubian Andrzej, Matusiak Michał, Wasilewski Adam, Wojciechowski Marcin, Wronka Sławomir, Zakrzewski Tomasz

Nukleonika

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2020

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Vol. 65, No. 4

229--232

EN

The new vehicle scanning system Sowa has been developed in the National Centre for Nuclear Research. This innovative device is equipped with a 300 kV X-ray tube, U-shape imaging detector line, transport system, and fully shielded container. Sowa allows for a detailed inspection of the car and the detection of illegal transported items. This article presents the design, applied solutions, and achieved results of Sowa scanning system.

4

Terroryzm lotniczy w świetle konwencji Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych

Matusiak Michał

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2019

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R. 9, Nr 15

305--316

PL

Terroryzm lotniczy, mimo że jest jednym z największych zagrożeń dla transportu we współczesnym świecie, nie został zdefiniowany w prawie międzynarodowym. Artykuł przedstawia ewolucję zwalczania terroryzmu lotniczego przez prawo międzynarodowe na tle zachodzących zmian w samym zjawisku. Pięćdziesiąt pięć lat po przyjęciu pierwszej konwencji dotyczącej terroryzmu lotniczego jesteśmy świadkami dalszego rozwoju tej gałęzi prawa. Autor tekstu przedstawia obowiązujące już akty prawa międzynarodowego, przyjęte pod auspicjami Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych, wraz z nowymi, przyjętymi w Pekinie i w Montrealu, które są uzupełnieniem poprzednich. Próbuje też odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jakim kierunku zmierza prawo międzynarodowe w kwestii zwalczania terroryzmu lotniczego, oraz zastanawia się, jaki może być rozwój tego terroryzmu.

EN

The article concerns on the part of the international law, devoted to suppression of the terrorism and crimes against civil aviation. At the beginning the author shortly describes conditions and history of this kind of the terrorism. The history is almost as long as the history of aviation. It began on 1931 and it also contemporary danger. The article shows evolution of terrorism, from hi-jacking to using aircrafts as the weapon, but it is always measure to create the fear. Then there is a short resume of reasons, why the aircrafts are so “attractive” aims of terrorists’ assaults. It should be meant, that terrorist attack against the aircraft is always very spectacular, especially at the time of medias broadcasting tragedies 24 hours per day. After this part, the author describes the international law from Tokyo convention 1963 to Montreal Protocol 1988, which are fundamental for the system of the international security of aviation. The author concerns on the question of establishing the Tokyo-Hague-Montreal system, which is a coherent system of security on the sky and in the airports. It is worth to emphasize, that first convention include abstractive obligation of re-establishing proper control on the aircraft but the last ones include an enumeration of crimes and indicate the obligations of states in case of committing crime. Next part of the article is devoted to obtaining common characteristics of this conventions. This question is very important, because of it is attempt to show that the process of evolution of this branch of the international law is effect of the consideration of the every next step. The last part of the article is devoted to new agreements, changing the international law which protects the civil aviation. The Beijing convention with the Protocol 2010 expands the list of the crimes, punished by the international law. There are also the responses for evolution of the terrorism, during 30 years from Montreal Protocol, like using civil aircrafts as the weapon, danger of using nuclear weapon by terrorists and using threats by the terrorists. There are also mentioned changes of proceedings against the terrorists. The last agreement, mentioned in the article is Montreal Protocol 2014, which is amendment of the Tokyo Convention 1963. Then the author describes the changes of the system of security. In my opinion, contemporary we are in good time for writing about the international security on the air. 55 years after Tokyo Convention, Beijing Convention came into force. We are witnesses of changes of terrorism and changes of the system of security and this article is attempt of the resume and some consideration on the future.