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EN
By the methods of field research, it is determined the primary factors of traffic flows on the sections of urban twolane streets, where routes of tram and urban bus movement which have motion in general structure of traffic flow are laid. Using methods of documentary research and traffic simulation, there are received results of change of average operational speed of tram and urban bus movement during different periods of operation on the route; traffic flow delays connected with technological features of tram and urban bus routes functioning in zone of operation of tram and urban bus stops and controlled intersections. Using methods of traffic simulation, it is determined possible time losses and queue length in traffic flows in conditions of increase of traffic volume and change of its composition (increase of urban public transport rate).
EN
Purpose: In the engineering analysis and transport forensic examination, there are often arise problems in establishing the causes and mechanism for the destruction of structural elements. At the moment, such problems are poorly formalized and practically do not take into account the degradation of the material and the gradient of its properties when destroyed. The purpose of this article was to build a methodology for determining the distribution of material properties at the initial time and establishing its compliance with the requirements of regulatory documentation. Design/methodology/approach: As a technique for solving the problem, was proposed the expansion of a function in a given basis with subsequent refinement of the solution using iterative algorithmic schemes. Findings: Using the developed approaches, it is established that in the surface layers of 12X18H10T steel (AISI 321), after technological modification under the conditions of laser doping, functional-gradient layers are formed with the material viscosity level characteristics at 0.8, which corresponds to the established norms, and their destruction occurred as a result of excessive loads. Practical implications: With the using of the developed methods makes it possible to solve the problem of technical forensic examination to determine compliance to the requirements the properties of functional gradient materials in initial time. Originality/value: The technique of solving inverse problems of fracture mechanics for functional gradient materials is shown for the first time.
3
Content available Vehicle driving cycle optimisation on the highway
EN
This paper is devoted to the problem of reducing vehicle energy consumption. The authors consider the optimization of highway driving cycle a way to use the kinetic energy of a car more effectively at various road conditions. The model of a vehicle driving control at the highway which consists of elementary cycles, such as accelerating, free rolling and deceleration under forces of external resistance, was designed. Braking, as an energy dissipation regime, was not included. The influence of the various longitudinal profiles of the road was taken into consideration and included in the model. Ways to use the results of monitoring road and traffic conditions are presented. The method of non-linear programming is used to design the optimal vehicle control function and phase trajectory. The results are presented by improved typical driving cycles that present energy saving as a subject of choice at a specified schedule.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest problemowi redukcji zużycia paliwa pojazdu. Autorzy uważają optymalizację cyklu jazdy autostradą, jako sposób na bardziej efektywne wykorzystanie energii kinetycznej samochodu w różnych warunkach drogowych. Został zaprojektowany model kontroli jazdy pojazdu na autostradzie. Składa się on z cykli elementarnych, takich jak przyspieszenie, wolne toczenie, hamowanie siłą oporu zewnętrznego. Nie został wpisany tutaj reżim hamowania, jako proces rozpraszania energii. Wpływ różnych profili podłużnych drogi został wzięty pod uwagę i uwzględniony w modelu. Jest możliwość korzystania z wyników monitorowania drogi i warunków ruchu. Aby zaprojektować funkcję kontroli pojazdu, używany był optymalny sposób programowania nieliniowego. Wyniki są przedstawiane przez ulepszone typowe cykle ruchu, które zapewniają oszczędność energii jazdy, jako wybór w określonym harmonogramie.
EN
In the course of research the fuzzy algorithm for traffic control at signalized intersection has been developed. Based on the results of simulating of intersection functioning during an hour and a day it has been established that using of developed fuzzy algorithm enables to reduce average and maximal queue lengths of vehicles before the intersection owing to adaptation of control system parameters to traffic flow volumes.
RU
Разработан нечеткий алгоритм управления движением на регулируемом перекрестке. По результатам моделирования работы перекрестка на протяжении часа и на протяжении дня установлено, что использование этого алгоритма позволит уменьшить средние и максимальные длины очередей транспортных средств перед перекрестком за счет адаптации параметров системы управления к интенсивности транспортных потоков.
EN
The introduction of polyaniline into a semiconductor GaSe matrix leads to decrease in specific resistance of GaSe system almost in 10 times, as compared to the initial expensed GaSe matrix. Under the exposure of such structure to light, a deformation of the spectrum ρ(ω) with simultaneous increase in specific resistance and in inductive response of the system takes place; increase in dielectric permittivity is also observed at a dielectric losses angle value less than unity, this is of prospect from the point of view of the application of such system in the manufacturing technology for high-quality radio-frequency capacitors and time-delay lines. The co-intercallation of the given structure with iodine leads to decrease of ρ(ω) in two times and to increase of photoconductance in two times. In GaSe structure, thermogalvanic and abnormal photovoltaic effects are detected.
EN
Purpose: Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on change of electron structure as well as fractal one of activated carbons and motivation that these changes are most responsible for the improvement of functional parameters in supercapacitors, were the aim of this paper. Design/methodology/approach: Experimental studies were carried out by means of impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, X-Ray diffraction, small angle X-Ray diffraction, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, IR-spectroscopy, Micro-Raman spectroscopy and galvanostatic cycling methods. Findings: Ultrasonic modification of carbon is effective method to increase the specific capacitance as well as power of carbon-based supercapacitors. Changes of parameters of double electric layer are tightly related with change of fractal dimension and allow increasing the percolate mobility of charge carries. Research limitations/implications: This research is a complete and accomplished work. Practical implications: Carbon materials, modified by ultrasonic irradiation, can be used as promising electrode materials in energy storage devices of new generation. Originality/value: This work is of urgent importance for studying of physical and chemical processes in energy storage systems. It is shown that method of ultrasonic irradiation is highly effective for modification of carbon-based materials as electrodes in supercapacitors.
EN
Purpose: Formation of supramolecular complexes C<18-crown-ether-6> and investigation of their electrochemical characteristics was the aim of this paper. An organic receptor is inserted in nano/mesopores of activated carbon of these supramolecular complexes. Design/methodology/approach: Electrochemical studies of supramolecular complexes C<18-crown-ether-6> were carried out by means of impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. Findings: It is shown that Faraday generation of energy occurs at low positive potentials whereas the capacitive storage - at higher potentials. As result the value of specific capacitance for AC of faradaic process 10000 F/g was reached as well as 154 F/g of non-faradaic process, whereas the same parameters for BAC equal 13350 F/g and 80 F/g, respectively. Research limitations/implications: This research is a complete and accomplished work. Practical implications: Supramolecular complexes, obtained in this work, could be regarded as promising electrode materials in devices of energy generation, storage and transformation. Originality/value: This work is of urgent importance for physics and chemistry of energy generation, storage and transformation, because it opens new possibilities to new highly effective electrode materials search and enables to reach a high values of functional characteristics.
8
Content available remote Vibro- and sound protection in road machines by means of vibration absorbing
EN
In most cases, road machines emit both acoustic and vibration energy into the fluids or structures surrounding the machinery. This is dangerous for the construction strength of the machinery, and is harmful for human health. There are general classes of tools used to assess and optimize acoustic performance of a vehicle: test based methods, and Computer-Aided Engineering based methods. The second one is discussed in this paper.
PL
Większość maszyn drogowych emituje energię akustyczną i energię wibracji do otaczającego środowiska - płynów lub struktur stałych. Jest to niebezpieczne dla wytrzymałości konstrukcji i szkodliwe dla zdrowia ludzkiego. Istnieją generalnie dwie klasy narzędzi stosowanych do oceny i optymalizacji właściwości akustycznych pojazdu: metody oparte na testach, oraz metody projektowania wspomaganego komputerowo (Computer-Aided Engineering). Metoda należąca do tego drugiego rodzaju jest omawiana w przedstawionej pracy.
EN
The article deals with the methods of calculation and optimization of dynamic processes in vibroexcitated constructions with dynamic absorbers. The improved constructions of such absorbers for vehicle wheels vibration suppression are discussed.
PL
Artykuł zajmuje się metodami obliczeń i optymalizacji procesów dynamicznych w konstrukcjach wibrujących z dynamicznymi absorberami. Została omówiona poprawiona konstrukcja takiego DVA dla zmniejszenia wibracji kół pojazdu.
PL
Rozpatrywano sposób oraz urządzenia dynamicznego powierzchniowego wzmocnienia wyrobów prętowych o dużej długości z zastosowaniem metody wibracyjno-odśrodkowego wzmocnienia (WOW). Przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu podstawowych parametrów technologicznych na wskaźniki jakości powierzchniowej warstwy materiału wyrobów.
EN
Methods and devices for surface dynamics hardening of cylindrical long-sized bar machine part by vibratory-centrifugal hardening are under consideration. Paremters of surface quality of treated itmes as function of main technological factors are obtained.
11
Content available remote Logistic concept of optimization of the transportation system
EN
Concept of logistic and its adaptation for the conditions of the transport systems is investigated.Characteristics and estimates of market of transport services are summarized. Conditions and factors of lorming strategy of transport organization are laid out. Organization transformation perspective is pounded in the logistic company. Dependence of component of logistic charges and place of transport i harges in them is investigated.
PL
Przedstawiona została koncepcja logistyki i jej adaptacja do warunków systemów transportu. Podsumowano charakterystykę i szacunki rynku dla usług transportowych. Przedstawiono również warunki i czynniki tworzenia strategii organizacji transportu. Perspektywa transformacji organizacji opiera się na firmach logistycznych. Została zbadana zależność składnika opłat logistycznych i miejsce opłat transportowych.
EN
In order to calculate designed parameters for vibrational machine of volumetric vibrational treatment with the purpose to increase its productivity, the technique for investigating its dynamics based on non-linear complex mathematical model of the "vibromachine - treating medium" - system is suggested in this paper. As an example models of the machine with two independently driven vibrational exciters and the treating medium of its container are described.
EN
In order to calculate designed parameters for vibration machine of volumetric vibration treatment with the purpose to increase its productivity, the technique for investigating its dynamics based on nonlinear complex mathematical model of the "Vibromachine - treating medium" - system is suggested in this paper. As an example models of the machine with two independently driven vibrational exciters and the treating medium of its container are described. The calculation of optimal parameters is also suggested.
PL
W artykule prezentowana jest technika badania dynamiki maszyny wibracyjnej, w oparciu o nieliniowy złożony model matematyczny systemu "wibromaszyna- medium robocze". Celem badania jest obliczenie parametrów projektowych maszyny o podwyższonej wydajności. Jako przykładowe modele opisane są maszyny z dwoma niezależnie napędzanymi generatorami wibracji oraz medium roboczym jego zasobnika. Sugerowane są również obliczenia optymalnych parametrów.
PL
Referat dotyczy problemów modelowania drgań 3- masowego układu z wibratorami, przeznaczonego do przeładunku kontenerów. Przedstawiono nieliniowy model drgań i wpływ różnych parametrów układu na trajektorię środka masy przeładowywanego kontenera. Wyniki obliczeń zobrazowano za pomocą szeregu wykresów. W szczególności zaprezentowano symulację ruchu środka masy kontenera, jego położenie podczas drgań, redukcję równań ruchu, sposoby ich rozwiązywania, badania okresu i fazy drgań oraz ich wpływ na środowisko zewnętrzne.
EN
The paper is devoted to problems of model operation of vibrational machines of volumetric handling of products. The plan of three masses of the vibrational machine is submitted and the influence of parameters of a system on a trajectory of driving of geometrical centre of the working container is pictorially mapped. The paper is devoted to simulation of driving of a medium of the working container of the vibrating machine of volumetric handling of items. Are reduced the equation of driving of a stratum of a medium, the technique of its solution,is conducted a research of a phase of own oscillations of a stratum of a medium, and also its driving for want of exterior perturbation
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