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Recent Trends in ILO Conventions Related to Occupational Safety and Health

Wilson D. J., Takahashi K., Smith D. R., Yoshino M., Tanaka C., Takala J.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2006

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Vol. 12, No. 3

255--266

EN

The present study was conducted to analyze the ratification status of International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions related to occupational safety and health (OSH) by ILO member states in terms of national indicators (length of ILO membership and national income status) and regional affiliation. 17 conventions designated as OSH-related by the 2003 International Labour Conference were examined. In general, countries with longer ILO membership ratified higher numbers of conventions related to OSH. With some variation, long-membership countries had the largest number of ratifications, followed by middle- and shortmembership countries in all regions. There were also incremental increases in the number of ratifications for OSH-related conventions according to the national income status. Common regional characteristics that could not be explained by the factors studied also existed. Future efforts to increase ratification at an international level will need to consider the factors influencing ratification practice among the member states.

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Percutaneous Exposure Incidents Among Australian Hospital Staff

Smith D. R., Leggat P. A., Takahashi K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2005

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Vol. 11, No. 3

323--330

EN

We investigated all reported percutaneous exposure incidents (PEI) among staff from a large Australian hospital in the 3-year period, 2001–2003. There were a total of 373 PEI, of which 38.9% were needlestick injuries, 32.7% were cutaneous exposures and 28.4% sharps-related injuries. Nurses were the most commonly affected staff members, accounting for 63.5% of the total, followed by doctors (18.8%) and other staff (17.7%). Needlestick injuries were responsible for the majority of nurses’ PEI (44.7%). Sharps injuries constituted the major category for doctors (44.3%). Most needlestick injuries (67.6%) were caused by hollow-bore needles, while the majority of cutaneous exposures involved blood or serum (55.8%). Most sharps injures were caused by unknown devices (35.9%) or suture needles (34.9%). Overall, our investigation suggests that PEI is a considerable burden for health care workers in Australia. Further research is now required to determine the relationships, if any, between workers who suffer PEI and those who do not.

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Single-hole one-electron superexcited states and doubly-excited states of molecules as studied by coincident electron-energy-loss spectroscopy

Odagiri T., Fukuzawa H., Takahashi K., Kouchi N., Hatano Y.

Nukleonika

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2003

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Vol. 48, nr 2

95-102

EN

The single-hole one-electron superexcited states and doubly-excited states of H2, D2, N2 and O2 have been investigated by means of the coincident electron-energy-loss spectroscopy that we developed. In this method the electron-energy-loss spectra tagged with the vacuum ultraviolet fluorescences emitted by the neutral fragments produced from superexcited molecules are measured by means of electron-photon coincidence technique. The contribution from ionization in this sort of electronenergy- loss spectra is suppressed to a large extent, and thus the structures attributed to the superexcited states of molecules become highlighted. The comparison with the photoexcitation experiments by means of the oscillator strengths give us clear discrimination between allowed and forbidden superexcited-states. As to H2, D2, and N2, the doubly-excited states including those found in the present experiment have been investigated in terms of both their energies and dynamical behavior. A new possibility of the coincident electron-energy-loss spectroscopy has been established in investigating the single-hole one-electron superexcited states of O2: the time-resolved coincident electron-energy-loss spectrum has been measured to distinguish between the direct process producing excited oxygen atoms and indirect one due to cascade transition. It has turned out that the coincident electron-energy-loss spectroscopy is a key tool for investigating superexcited molecules.

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Proposal of PFS-R as a modelling tool for complex resource sharing discrete production systems.

Hasegawa K., Miyagi P.E., Takahashi K., Ma L.-Q., Sugisawa M.

Systems Science

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1999

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Vol. 25, nr 1

57-70

EN

Recently, the structures of discrete production systems with shared resources, which offers flexibility in dealing with production of multiple types of parts of products, are getting much more complex. Because of increasing complexity of the systems, the structure of graphical representations such as Petri nets becomes more and more elaborated, considerably decreasing the visual and intuitive understanding of systems, and thus, eliminating the value as an interface between system designers and modeller who are involved in the design procedure. This has been the biggest drawback of actual adoption of Petri nets as a modelling tool for such system control despite facts that their benefits have already been recognized. The authors propose a novel graphical representation "PFS-R" suitable for modelling of complex recourse sharing discrete production systems, e.g., FMSs. The PFS-R is an augmented version of PFS (Production Flow Scheme, previously proposed by authors) based on the correspondence from a set of system resources to a set of production steps in PFS. PFS-R is able to model system structures as well as system behaviour in more simplified and transparent manner than conventional Petri net representations. First, the paper introduces basic elements of PFS-R, and equivalent transformation of PFS-R model to hybrid net and Petri net model, taking into account the net conservativity. Next, we present three examples of discrete production systems to illustrate the effectiveness of PFS-R. In addition, we deduce through an example that the correspondence between resources and production steps in process flows has the three structure, which is effective to evaluete whether or not the object designed has a well-defined structure, i.e. so-called conservativity in the terms of Petri net theory.