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2 Geological Quarterly

2 2022

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The impact of treated wastewater effluent on contamination of a water supply aquifer during one decade of water exploitation (Tursko well field, Poland)

Dragon Krzysztof, Kruć-Fijałkowska Roksana, Siepak Marcin, Drożdżyński Dariusz, Górski Józef, Matusiak Magdalena

Geological Quarterly

2022

Vol. 66, No. 2

art. no. 14

The recharge zone of an aquifer supplying the Tursko well-field (Poland), located in an area of sparse water resources, shows groundwater contamination manifested by high nitrate concentrations and pharmaceutical compounds. This study documents the steady deterioration of groundwater chemistry during one decade of groundwater exploitation, and analyses wastewater impact on the groundwater chemistry using pharmaceutical compounds as anthropogenic tracers, with focus on the influence of treated wastewater and drainage water. These waters infiltrate into groundwater from a drainage ditch located in the water supply aquifer’s recharge zone. It is shown that strongly contaminated water can deliver organic matter and nutrients to the groundwater, activating or intensiying denitrification. As a result, the nitrate concentration has decreased in the groundwater, while concentrations of denitrification products have increased. Associated process of oxidation of organic matter causes periodic exceeding of limits allowed for drinking water. The ability of pharmaceutical compounds to act as anthropogenic tracers shows that infiltration of wastewater is a significant factor influencing drinking groundwater quality.

Factors affecting the concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in river and groundwaters : efficiency of riverbank filtration (Mosina-Krajkowo well field, Poland)

Kruć-Fijałkowska Roksana, Dragon Krzysztof, Drożdżyński Dariusz

Geological Quarterly

2022

Vol. 66, No. 1

art. no. 3

Pharmaceutical compounds were investigated in river and riverbank filtration (RBF) water at the Mosina-Krajkowo site (Poland), in 6 sampling campaigns between November 2019 and June 2020. All of the ten pharmaceutical compounds tested for were detected in the water. Carbamazepine, fluconazole, tramadol, sulphamethoxazole and sulphapyridine were the most frequently found, the highest concentrations being observed in surface water. There was a reduction in their levels in the horizontal well (HW) with drains located below the river bottom, averaging 17%. Significantly higher reductions (53–71%) were observed in vertical wells (VWs). Mixing, sorption and biodegradation were distinguished as processes conditioning the reduction of pharmaceutical compounds along flow paths from the river to the wells. Their reduction in the HW occurs due to sorption onto fine sediments with high organic matter content and aerobic biodegradation, while in the VWs it is the effect of aerobic biodegradation and water mixing with unpolluted groundwater. Sorption on riverbed fine sediments can also occur, especially during low water levels in the river. Biodegradation develops in oxic conditions with aerobic bacteria. VWs located at similar distances from the river yielded different concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds, because of differences in geological structure, hydrogeological conditions and well operation parameters.