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2 2018

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Introduction to the biometric access control systems for managers : which error indicator matters in the selection?

Otti C., Kolnhofer-Derecskei A.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

2018

Vol. 17, No. 2

197--210

The managers in the business sector have to face security management issues on a daily basis and the present article analyses and discusses one of its segments, namely the biometric systems. The decision-maker is presented with a number of professional data before the implementation of such a system, although the opinion of the final user will be determinant regarding the use of the system. Following the dual engineer-manager approach, the present study first introduces the biometric systems through the engineering metrics and concepts because the decision-maker learns the errors of the system through these indices. The research also highlights the fact, that the final user is far less sensitive. However, it is a principal factor in all the security investments whether the users are able and willing to use the system properly. It is even more so in case of biometric access control systems because the algorithms operate with probabilities and the users can never be sure that they are recognized with 100% accuracy. The error values provided by the manufacturers of biometric systems are not available and because these are algorithmic data, the difference can be of several orders of magnitudes between the actually measured results. The article publishes the results of a quantitative research and determines the users’ individual subjective acceptance threshold regarding the errors of access control systems. On the basis of this, the biometric systems could be evaluated from the users’ point of view as well.

Menedżerowie w sektorze biznesowym codziennie muszą stawiać czoła problemom związanym z zarządzaniem bezpieczeństwem, a niniejszy artykuł analizuje i omawia jeden z jego segmentów, a mianowicie systemy biometryczne. Decydent otrzymuje szereg profesjonalnych danych przed wdrożeniem takiego systemu, chociaż opinia ostatecznego użytkownika będzie decydować o korzystaniu z systemu. Zgodnie z dualnym podejściem inżynier-menedżer, obecne badanie najpierw wprowadza systemy biometryczne poprzez metryki inżynierskie i koncepcje, ponieważ decydent poznaje błędy systemu poprzez te wskaźniki. Badanie podkreśla również fakt, że końcowy użytkownik jest znacznie mniej wrażliwy. Jest to jednak główny czynnik we wszystkich inwestycjach w bezpieczeństwo, niezależnie od tego, czy użytkownicy są w stanie i chcą prawidłowo korzystać z systemu. Tym bardziej w przypadku biometrycznych systemów kontroli dostępu, ponieważ algorytmy działają z różną dokładnością, a użytkownicy nigdy nie mogą być pewni, że są rozpoznawani ze 100% dokładnością. Wartości błędów dostarczone przez producentów systemów biometrycznych nie są dostępne i ponieważ są to dane algorytmiczne, różnica może wynosić kilka rzędów wielkości między faktycznie zmierzonymi wynikami. Artykuł publikuje wyniki badania ilościowego i określa indywidualny, subiektywny próg akceptacji użytkowników dotyczący błędów systemów kontroli dostępu. Na tej podstawie systemy biometryczne mogłyby być oceniane również z punktu widzenia użytkowników.

Relations between risk attitudes, culture and the endowment effect

Kolnhofer-Derecskei A.

Engineering Management in Production and Services

2018

Vol. 10, no. 4

7--20

The main purpose of this research was to examine whether systematic cross-national differences existed in risk preferences. As a part of the survey, it was also tested how the subjects decided on behalf of their friends. Considering the type of risk-taking and the role of endowment plus relevant cultural backgrounds, the answerers were grouped, and each segment could be identified. Finally, this segmentation could be correlated with behaviour in risk decisions. Here, the Allais situation was used testing respondent behaviour in risky decision-making on behalf of others. This paper used the validated DOSPERT Scale, measuring risk perceptions and risk preferences of international students (n=244). The used survey contained different risk attitudes depending on decision making and involved the following criteria: Ethical, Financial, Health or Safety, Recreational, and Social Risks. Applying the DOSPERT Scale, differences were also found between ‘Risk-Taking’, ‘Risk-Perceptions’, and ‘Expected Benefits’. This result can be explained by different risk attitudes particular to people making decisions involving measured risks. At the same time, thanks to the worldwide sample, this paper focused on cultural differences and observed the impact of different cultural backgrounds on risk-taking. Comparing personal traits with Hofstede’s cultural UAI (Uncertainty Avoidance Index) helped us understand deeper cultural influences. The sample was widely heterogeneous, which led to some changes in the original research question and provided a new method in the conceptual model. Based on the state of the art, a conceptual model was deduced, three hypotheses were tested, and three various segments were identified regarding the personal DOSPERT (Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale) Risk Preferences. In the second part of the paper, Personal Risk Preferences were connected and tested not only using the national culture background but also attitudes towards the endowment. Although there was no significant correlation between the distribution of risk perception, the styles of each role might show how the cultural heritage impacts various decisions and risk levels.