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EN
A company must raise sufficient capital to supply its long-term needs for fixed-asset investments and its must do so at the lowest possible cost. Capital can be taken from two sources: from debt by borrowing long-term funds in the market, and from equity by issuance of common or preferred stock, or by retaining and accruing earnings. The most frequent instruments if financing company in the last period include franchising and leasing.
EN
The paper includes selected results of statistical research carried out on the base of data received from chosen chemical branch enterprises. Subjects of these researches were ratios, which describe capital structure factors, functions which show links between debt rate and analyzed factors as well as judgment of dependence between capital structure and selected ratios.
EN
The article contains general remarks on the relation of economic analysis and management. Various decisive are pointed out, which can create problems in management. The issue of information quality has been also addressed, as it influences the effectiveness of decisions made. Financial analysis has been presented as a procedure used for interpreting information the most important in a process of management.
EN
In this paper the capital structure in polish fertilizers industry companies has been presented. The author make an attempt to determinate the reasons for the diversity of these structures. It has been shown that the level of the debt growth but the financial strategies applied do not aim at the optimization of the capital structure.
EN
In modern theory of finance capital structure and financial risk play an important role in creating the market value of companies. The article presents the scope of decisions made by companies regarding the sources and methods of capital acquisition and ways of its use. Basic models of capital structure were also included, with particular attention paid to their use and related opportunities and threats for companies.
EN
Corporate capital choices are affected by number of different factors. No unified theory of capital structure has been developed up to now. However, current explanations of corporate financial policy may be grouped into three main categories: taxes, agency costs and information costs. A search for optimal capital structure is aimed at: maximizing tax advantage of debt and reduction of agency costs and information costs resulting from corporate debt choices, All financial decisions should led to increasing company's market value.
EN
The paper includes selected results of statistical research carried out on the base of data received from chosen chemical branch enterprises. Subjects of these research were ratios, which describe capital structure factors, functions which show links between debt rate and analyzed factors as well as judgement of dependence between capital structure and selected ratios.
EN
The article refers to problems connected with the occurrence of risk, which is appearing during business activities. It contains classification of risk types, witch the present day company is most exposed to. The right estimation of risk is an indispensable condition of the correct estimation of cash flows and expenses connected with realization of examined investment projects and the right qualification of present net values of these undertakings. The estimation of risk and its influence is one of the most important elements in the calculation of the profitability of these undertakings.
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